Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A twenty year experience with the Belsey operation for hiatal hernia repair demonstrated good to excellent results in 80 per cent of patients, a fair outcome in 15 per cent, and unacceptable results in 5 per cent of patients. Good results included the absence of reflux symptoms, pleasant swallowing, the preservation of a normal capacity for belching and vomiting, minimal flatulence, and a comfortable incision. Although most recurrent symptoms appear within five years after operation, symptoms first recur ten or more years after operation in 10 per cent of patients.
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PMID:The Belsey operation for hiatal hernia: a twenty year experience. 42 3

Antral webs and diaphragms are considered a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children. A radiographic diagnosis of antral web was made in 28 children during a 26-mo period. Nonbilious, often projectile vomiting was the predominant presenting symptom in 24 infants who were less than 6 mo of age. The older children complained of pain, vomiting, fullness after eating, and eructation. The characteristic radiologic finging was a wirelike transverse septum 1--2 cm proximal to the pylorus. Poor antral filling was an important early clue in the radiographic search for the webs. Pyloroplasty was performed in 20 patients, frequently after failure of medical management of symptoms. Coexistent congenital abnormalities were present in 28% of patients. A search for environmental and familial factors has failed to elucidate any teratogenic influences in this population.
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PMID:Prepyloric gastric antral web: a puzzling epidemic. 67 Nov 96

This study examined the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and dietary intake in triathletes. Fifty-five male triathletes (age 31 +/- 6 yrs) were surveyed regarding the most recently completed half Iron Man triathlon. Questions were asked regarding GI symptoms and dietary intake. Fifty-two percent complained of eructation and 48% of flatulence. Other symptoms were abdominal bloating, vomiting urge, vomiting, nausea, stomachache, intestinal cramps, and diarrhea. More symptoms occurred while running than at other times. All individuals who had eaten within 30 min of the start vomited while swimming. Fat and protein intake was greater in those who vomited or had the urge to vomit than in those without these symptoms. Of the former, 93% had consumed a hypertonic beverage. Forty percent of those who drank a hypertonic beverage and only 11% of those who drank an iso- or hypotonic beverage had severe complaints. Four of five individuals with stomachache had consumed a strongly hypertonic beverage. All subjects with intestinal cramps had eaten fiber-rich foods in the prerace meal; only 10% of those without cramps had done so.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complaints in relation to dietary intake in triathletes. 133 83

Motility-like dyspepsia, a clinical subgroup of functional dyspepsia, refers to the cluster of symptoms which suggests an underlying motility disturbance of the upper gut. Characteristic symptoms, in addition to upper abdominal pain or discomfort, are nausea, vomiting, early satiety, anorexia, postprandial abdominal bloating and excessive repetitive postprandial belching. Patients with concomitant symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome are currently excluded from this clinical entity. Delayed gastric emptying of solids and/or liquids, postprandial antral hypomotility and antroduodenal incoordination, gastric myoelectrical arrhythmias and dysfunction of visceral afferents are the major alterations in upper gut sensorimotor activity which have been described. An empirical trial of medical therapy is warranted if there are no "alarm" symptoms at presentation. If symptoms are not relieved after 2-4 weeks, then investigations of the upper gastrointestinal tract, preferably by endoscopy, to exclude the presence of organic disease, is advisable. Management approaches are then reassurance, dietary manipulations and attention to psychosocial aspects. Prokinetic agents appear to be useful as short-term medical therapy in some patients, but optimum long-term treatment strategies, including the use of medications which may improve a diminished tolerance to gut distension, are not established.
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PMID:Motility-like dyspepsia. Current concepts in pathogenesis, investigation and management. 144 83

Acute Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with dyspeptic symptoms but chronic infection has not clearly been shown to cause symptoms. To define further the role of H. pylori infection and gastritis in dyspepsia, we interviewed all patients about to undergo upper endoscopy, recorded the primary indication for endoscopy, noted the endoscopic findings, and obtained antral biopsies. Among non-ulcer patients there was a strong correlation of acute gastritis with H. pylori. Gastritis and H. pylori increased with age, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use correlated with normal histology. Neither H. pylori concentration nor gastritis grade correlated with gender, use of alcohol and tobacco, indication for endoscopy, or symptoms (epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, belching, heartburn, halitosis, and flatulence).
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PMID:Symptoms, gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori in patients referred for endoscopy. 851 92

Dopamine antagonists are effective anti-emetics. Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and is less likely to cause central nervous system side-effects than metoclopramide. However, a direct comparison of the safety and efficacy of the two drugs has not hitherto been made. Ninety-five patients, with symptoms of nausea and vomiting due to a variety of oesophageal or gastric disorders, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, three-part, parallel-group comparative study of controlled release metoclopramide 15 mg (Gastrobid Continus tablets, Napp Laboratories) given twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg or 20 mg given three times daily. Assessments for nausea, vomiting, reflux symptoms and adverse events were made on entry to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment regimes for a period of seven days, throughout which daily symptomatology and use of escape medication were recorded on a diary card. At the end of the treatment period, nausea, vomiting and reflux symptoms, adverse events and a global assessment of patients' symptom control were recorded by the investigator. Both controlled release metoclopramide and high and low dose domperidone significantly reduced symptoms of belching, flatulence, distension, heartburn, regurgitation, reflux, nausea and vomiting compared to baseline. There were no significant differences between the three treatments in efficacy or in the number and severity of side-effects.
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PMID:A comparison of controlled release metoclopramide and domperidone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. 181 Mar 56

Fistulization to the duodenum or stomach from a diseased segment of bowel in Crohn's disease is rare, with only 63 cases reported. We report an additional two cases of Crohn's disease with recurrent fistulization to the duodenum. Although one or both patients complained of pain, diarrhea, and/or weight loss at presentation, neither of them experienced vomiting or feculent eructation. A review of 46 of the 63 reported cases of gastric and duodenal fistulization indicated that patients with gastric fistulas commonly present with vomiting (39%), and with histories of feculent eructations or frank feculent vomiting (44%), but that patients with duodenal fistulas rarely present with vomiting (3.6%), and never have feculent vomiting or eructations. This difference is an important clue to the diagnosis and localization of upper gastrointestinal fistulas in Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Symptomatic differentiation of duodenal from gastric fistulas in Crohn's disease. 232 89

Neither the natural history of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa nor their response to refeeding have been well studied. We hypothesized that gastrointestinal symptoms in anorexia nervosa will decrease during refeeding despite high caloric intake, suggesting that delayed gastric emptying, where present, is a result rather than a cause of anorexia nervosa. Study goals were (a) to determine the type and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, (b) to follow symptoms during refeeding prospectively, and (c) to develop guidelines for gastrointestinal testing and intervention in hospitalized anorectic patients. Sixteen consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa were rated on 12 gastrointestinal symptoms before and after nutritional rehabilitation and followed up throughout treatment. All patients reported multiple gastrointestinal symptoms on admission; all symptoms except belching improved during treatment despite large calorie increases (p less than 0.0002); significant improvements occurred in appetite, bloating, constipation, vomiting, and diarrhea; and no patients required endoscopy, x-ray evaluation, or antipeptic regimens. We conclude that although severe gastrointestinal symptoms are common in anorexia nervosa, they improve significantly with refeeding. Specific gastrointestinal studies should be reserved for patients who do not gain weight or who have indications of independent digestive disease.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal symptoms in anorexia nervosa. A prospective study. 233 85

Spontaneous gastric rupture of the newborn infant can be lethal. While the etiology of this problem is unknown, pneumatic rupture of the stomach seems the most logical explanation. The rupture mostly occurs in the anterior wall of the fundus near or on the greater curvature with in the first seven days of life. Three such patients have been managed during the past 5 years. These patients are presented in detail. X-ray films of those 3 patients, of a case of gastroesophageal reflux, and of some reported cases of impending gastric rupture are also presented in an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of this gastric catastrophe. (1) Clinical findings of a double air fluid level in the upper stomach at the upright position found in one case and of the direction of advancement of the nasogastric tube enable us to consider the gastric organoaxial volvulus as an etiological factor. (2) Plain x-ray and barium study films of the case of gastroesophageal reflux and of the reported cases of impending gastric rupture also suggest some degree of gastric volvulus as the cause of corresponding diseases. (3) Fluid accumulation in the fundus is facilitated by gastric organoaxial rotation and the fluid-filled fundus acts as a barrier to prevent eructation. Retention of feeds occurs as a result of air accumulating at the pyloric end. In such situation of a fluid trap syndrome, tremendous intragastric pressures enough to cause rupture may result when vomiting occurs.
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PMID:[Etiological consideration of neonatal gastric rupture: assumption of possible association with gastric volvulus and gastroesophageal reflux]. 251 88

Abdominal discomfort after eating cowpeas is known to be a major constraint on their greater consumption. Problems associated with cowpea consumption were identified by questionnaire in 448 randomly selected families. Some (28%) of the respondents had never experienced flatulence. Those who did said it occurred when cowpeas were eaten at all (16.7%), as dinner (42%) or without other foods (15%). A subsample of 40 people who complained of serious abdominal discomfort were fed cowpeas cooked by eight different methods at three consecutive dinners for each method. The problems reported were indigestion, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased belching, bad breath, offensive stool, flatulence, constipation, mild abdominal discomfort and sleepiness. Many respondents complained of mild abdominal discomfort with undehulled cowpeas (72.5%) and dehulled cowpeas (42.5%) that had been cooked at atmospheric pressure. Only 12.5% of the respondents complained of discomfort with dehulled cowpeas cooked under extra pressure. Thus, dehulling resulted in substantial reduction in the frequency and incidence of reported discomforts but pressure cooking also had beneficial effects, probably because of the higher cooking temperature attained.
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PMID:Flatulence and other discomforts associated with consumption of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). 259 40


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