Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

48 patients with rheumatic diseases underwent long-term treatment with a new antirheumatic compound, tolfenamic acid pINN. The dosage was 2 capsules of 100 mg 3 times daily. At the time of summing-up 9 patients had been treated for one year, 41 for 6 months and 7 had been eliminated after 1 month of treatment, because of side-effects in the form of diarrhoea, dyspepsia, vomiting and 1 ulcer patient got an attack of duodenal ulcer. Of the 41 patients who completed the 6 month trial 33 reported good therapeutic effect. A significant fall in the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (p less than 0.01) was observed. 19 patients reported side-effects in the trial period, but at the end of the trial only 5 complained of side-effects. In the male patients occasional slight dysuria was the most common side-effect. Of the 9 patients who were treated for one year all reported a good effect from the preparation and none of them complained of side-effects after 1 year of treatment. Apart from eosinophilia in 2 patients, who were eliminated from the trial because of diarrhoea, none of the laboratory values showed any signs of the preparation having any toxic effects.
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PMID:Long-term therapy with tolfenamic acid pINN. A clinical and toxicological study with special reference to clinical and chemical laboratory parameters. 30 10

A case of cryptococcal granulomatous arachnitis of the spinal cord was reported. A 12-year-old boy suffered from sudden occipitalgia and left hemiparesis. The symptoms disappeared spontaneously in about a half year. The next year, he consulted an orthopedist because of lumbago and gait disturbance. Myelography through the cisternal route showed complete block at the level of L1. Exploratory laminectomy of D12 and L1 revealed adhesive arachnitis. Symptoms were improved immediately after the operation. At the age of 15, he was admitted to our clinic, because of sudden onset of headache and vomiting. Computed tomography showed marked hydrocephalus. He recovered by ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and was discharged. The next year, sudden back pain occurred. Gait disturbance, sensory disturbance of the legs and trunks below the mamilla, and dysuria appeared gradually. He was readmitted and laminectomy of D2-4 was performed. The arachnoid membrane was white and 2 mm in thickness diffusely. Thickened arachnoid membrane was removed at the level of D2-4. Histological diagnosis was granulomatous arachnitis. Cryptococcus was seen in the removed tissue. Symptoms were improved after operation. One thousand milligrams of amphoterisin B was injected intermittently. He was discharged on food. Spinal symptoms in cryptococcosis are rare. Operative procedures were effective before the administration of amphoterisin B.
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PMID:[Cryptococcal granulomatous arachnitis of the spinal cord--a case report (author's transl)]. 49 61

A case report of mesenteric venous thrombosis with small bowel infarction in a 38-year-old woman who had been taking oral contraceptives is reported. The patient was admitted complaining of severe abdominal pain and vomiting for 36 hours. On admission, temperature was 37.5 degrees C and pulse 120/minute. Abdominal rigidity and left-sided abdominal tenderness were present. X-ray of the abdomen showed 2 distended loops of small bowel and 3 fluid levels. Serum amylase was normal. White cell count was 10,000/cu mm. There was a history of abdominal pain and diarrhea over a period of several years. For 6 months she had been taking Ovulen (mestranol .1 mg and ethynodiol diacetate .5 mg) for menstrual irregularity. 2 weeks earlier she had suffered an influenzalike illness with pleuristic chest pain, loin pain, urinary frequency, and dysuria. Chest X-ray and intravenous pylography were then reported as normal. At immediate operation, a 15 cm segment of ileum was found to be infarcted. Semipurulent fluid was present in the abdomen and areas of fibrinous peritonitis were observed. The involved segment of ileum was resected. A small thrombus was extracted from a mesenteric vein. Initial postoperative course was good but 3 days after operation chest pain, dyspnea, and giddiness developed and cardiac arrest followed. Resuscitation was successful. Pulmonary angiography then showed thrombi in all branches of the pulmonary artery. After heparin therapy symptoms improved and the patient left the hospital in 2 weeks, her condition being stabilized with warfarin and dipyridamole (Persantin). The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Early recanalization of a mesenteric vein was noted. Other reported cases have shown an average prodromal phase of 4 or 5 days. The long-term diarrhea was considered as not connected with the present illness but the presumed influenza illness 2 weeks earlier may have been due to a pulmonary embolism. Of reported cases, 5 of 13 have died. Early diagnosis, prompt surgery, and heparin therpay are considered important.
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PMID:Mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives: a case report. 106 70

Fourteen pediatric cases of posterior urethral valves in patients aged 6 months to 14 years (with four infants and ten older children) are reported. The main symptoms were vesical, including dysuria, acute urinary retention and dribbling. One patient presented with diarrhea, vomiting and dribbling. Urethral valves were looked for as part of the evaluation for urinary lithiasis in one patient, and in another urinary lithiasis developed following the diagnosis of urethral valves. In half the cases, onset of symptoms occurred within one year of birth. Urethrocystography allowed to evidence the valves and to evaluate repercussions on the bladder including hyperplasia (7 cases) and diverticula (2 cases). The intravenous urogram disclosed bilateral ureterohydronephrosis in eight cases. Pathogens recovered from the urine included Klebsiella (3 patients), Pseudomonas (4 patients), Proteus (one patient), and E. coli (one patient). Most patients were treated by catheter lamination under antimicrobial therapy. Two patients died from renal failure. Results were considered satisfactory in nine cases with follow-ups ranging from 1 month to 4 years. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Early diagnosis is essential and management should rely mainly on endoscopic resection which reduces the length of the hospital stay and the risk of infection.
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PMID:[Posterior urethral valves in Senegalese children. Fourteen cases]. 149 88

Forty cancer patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 20). All had incapacitating pain unresponsive to the usual non opioid analgesic drugs. An epidural catheter was set up at the level of the most painful metamere, and made to pass subcutaneously so as to exit either in the supraclacicular fossa, or on the patient's flank. At T0, the patients were given 4 mg morphine hydrochloride diluted in 10 ml normal saline. Thirty min later, patients in the naloxone group (group N) were given a 0.4 mg bolus, followed by a constant rate infusion of 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1, of naloxone hydrochloride during 18 h. Patients in group P (placebo) were given normal saline instead. The degree of pain was studied with a visual analogue scale and analgesia was assessed by a clinician on a five point scale. These two parameters were obtained half an hour after the injection of morphine and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours later. At the same time, the patients were questioned about adverse side-effects: nausea, vomiting, pruritus, dysuria, urinary retention. Respiratory depression was assessed clinically and biologically (blood gas measurements at the afore mentioned times). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also measured. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in quality and duration of analgesia. Pain reached its lowest level 4 h after the injection of morphine, returning to half its original value at the 24th h. This was also true for the incidence of nausea (11 in group N, 5 in group P), vomiting (3 in both groups), and urinary retention (6 in group P, 5 in group N).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention by naloxone of adverse effects of epidural morphine analgesia for cancer pain]. 205 46

Inpatient and community-based care can be complementary in relation to the management of HIV disease. Medical records from 200 inpatients of Chikankata Hospital near Lusaka, Zambia and 200 home based patients were examined and compared for the common symptoms of presentation of HIV disease, associated opportunistic infections, and treatment protocols. Drug costs of both groups were also compared. The most common respiratory symptoms in the 2 groups are cough, chest pains, weight loss, and hemoptysis. Treatment employed for these symptoms were cortimoxazole, penicillin V, erthromycin, and tetracycline. Acetyl saliclic acid and paracetamol were used for pain relief in both groups. Gastointestinal system symptoms for both groups were diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Cotrimoxazole and metronidazole were used in treating diarrhea. Additional treatment protocol for the 2 patient samples included oral rehydration therapy for dehydration, antacid or bismuth subsalicylate for diarrhea and enteritis, and mycostatin for oral candidiasis. Central nervous system symptomatology included headache, dementia, neckace, and lethargy. Chloramphenicol was employed in treating bacterial meningitis. Diazepam and chlorpromazine were effective for restless patients. Genito-urinary system symptomatology for the 2 groups included dysuria, genital ulcers, hematuria, viral warts, and buboes. Antibodies were used for sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Skin symptomatology included rash and dermatitis, herpes zoster, abscess, kaposi's sarcoma, ulcers, furunculosis, and discharging anal sinus. In treating these symptoms, hospital based care and home based care were similar. Overall, it was found that hospital treatment protocols were detailed, expensive, and time consuming. Furthermore, hospital treatment for HIV positive patients is more expensive than HIV negative patients; hospital costs for 50 HIV negative patients totaled US$415.94 compared to US$1204.98 HIV positive/PTB negative patients and US$1705.62 for HIV positive/PTB positive patients. Drug cost/patient admission is increased by 469% if HIV positive. (author's modified).
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PMID:Clinical care as part of integrated AIDS management in a Zambian rural community. 248 94

Differentiating acute appendicitis from other causes of acute abdominal pain in children frequently remains unsatisfactory. To determine whether initial historical and physical examination findings might predict final diagnoses, 246 patients with complaints of nontraumatic and nonrecurrent acute abdominal pain were studied. All were between three and 18 years of age and had presented to a hospital-based pediatric emergency department. Each family was telephoned an average of 5.1 days after the visit to determine the patient's subsequent clinical course; operative notes and pathology reports were reviewed for patients receiving surgery. Of these patients with acute abdominal pain, both fever and vomiting were present in 18 of the 24 who eventually had diagnoses of appendicitis, compared with 49 of 222 patients with other final diagnoses (P less than 0.01, with negative predictive value 0.97, sensitivity 0.75, and specificity 0.78, but positive predictive value only 0.27). The duration of the pain at presentation and the frequency of other symptoms (eg, diarrhea, dysuria, anorexia, and lethargy) were unrelated, however, to final diagnosis, as was the duration of the pain and whether abdominal tenderness initially was localized or generalized. Nonruptured appendicitis was generally indistinguishable from ruptured appendicitis preoperatively, by both duration and symptoms. Boys were found more likely to have appendicitis (with or without rupture) than girls (18/118 or 15%, vs. 6/128 or 5%, P less than 0.05). In conclusion, fever and vomiting were noted at presentation more frequently in children with appendicitis than in children with other causes of acute abdominal pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diagnosing appendicitis in children with acute abdominal pain. 318 19

A 19-month-old boy was found to have an optico-hypothalamic tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus, and received a ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt followed by irradiation to the hypothalamic area. Although his visual disturbances continued, general conditions improved subsequently and he enjoyed normal life with only a visual disturbance. Four years later, however, he developed vomiting, left hemiparesis and dysuria, and died at the age of 6.5 years. Autopsy revealed a huge tumor occupying the hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia and the right temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor was composed of pilocytic astrocytes with Rosenthal fiber in the hypothalamus, where the tumor is considered to have developed initially, and poorly differentiated cells with some astrocytic and neuronal differentiation in other areas. Dissemination of the tumor was extensive in the whole CSF spaces, and in the peritoneum through the V-P shunt. We consider this a rare case of a childhood hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma undergoing delayed malignant evolution.
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PMID:Anaplastic evolution of childhood optico-hypothalamic pilocytic astrocytoma: report of an autopsy case. 320 64

Two patients with chronic granulomatous disease had obstructive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, and genitourinary tract, which were successfully treated with corticosteroids. These obstructive lesions, caused by local granuloma formation, have been reported in 18 other patients with chronic granulomatous disease, none of whom received steroids. Our first patient, a 3-year-old boy, had emesis and weight loss associated with antral narrowing and delayed gastric emptying at age 2 years. Antibiotic therapy was ineffective, but intravenous and oral corticosteroid therapy for 10 weeks resulted in clinical cure. One year later, dysuria associated with bladder neck obstruction was also treated successfully with corticosteroids. The second child, a 10-year-old boy, had dysphagia caused by distal esophageal stenosis. Corticosteroid therapy (with concomitant antibiotics) on two occasions reversed this obstruction. Granulomatous cystitis with ureteropelvic obstruction then developed, which also responded to treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics. Despite the risk of increased susceptibility to infection, corticosteroid therapy is justified in preventing life-threatening obstruction of vital organs.
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PMID:Corticosteroids in treatment of obstructive lesions of chronic granulomatous disease. 362 1

This paper reports the case of a 30-year old woman, para 2, with mesenteric venous occlusion associated with inadvertent oral contraceptive (OC) use during pregnancy. The patient presented with vomiting, diffuse abdominal pain, and dysuria. Despite a 4 month history of amenorrhea, the patient continued OC use (Ovral)(. Ultrasonography revealed a fetus of 14 weeks gestation. Despite treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated and thrombotic occlusion of the mesenteric veins with hemorrhagic infarction of the intestine was noted. A resection of the damaged small bowel was performed, followed by an end to end enteroenterostomy. It is suggested that the hypercoagulable state normally found during pregnancy was aggravated in this case by the hormonal intake. In addition to OC use, this patient had another risk factor for mesenteric venous thrombosis: heavy cigarette smoking. The risk of venous thromboembolic disease associated with OC use declines within 1 month to the level found among nonusers of OCs. Thus, patients at risk of this condition (those who suffer from collagen disease or are obese and heavy smokers) should be advised to avoid pregnancy in the 1st month after OC discontinuance.
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PMID:Mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with oral contraceptive administration during pregnancy. 652 63


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