Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This randomized, double-blind, multi-centre study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment for 4 weeks with codeine plus paracetamol versus paracetamol in relieving chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the hip. A total of 158 outclinic patients entered the study. Eighty-three patients (mean age 66 years) were treated with codeine 60 mg plus paracetamol 1 g 3 times daily, and 75 patients (mean age 67 years) with paracetamol 1 g 3 times daily. Ibuprofen 400 mg was prescribed as rescue medication. Due to an unexpected high rate of adverse drug reactions, the study was closed before the planned 400 patients had entered. Over weeks 1-4, 87%, 64%, 61% and 52% of patients in the codeine plus paracetamol group, and 38%, 31%, 22% and 29% of patients in the paracetamol group had one or more adverse drug reactions. Significantly more patients in the codeine plus paracetamol group had adverse drug reactions in each of the 4 weeks. Nausea, dizziness, vomiting and constipation were predominant adverse reactions in the codeine plus paracetamol group. During the first week of treatment, 30 patients (36%) in the codeine plus paracetamol group and 9 (12%) in the paracetamol group dropped out. As evaluated from patients completing the first week of treatment, the pain intensity during that week compared to their baseline pain was significantly lower in the codeine plus paracetamol group than in the paracetamol group. Moreover, during the first week the paracetamol group received rescue medicine significantly more frequently. In conclusion, when evaluated after 7 days of treatment, the daily addition of codeine 180 mg to paracetamol 3 g significantly reduced the intensity of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the hip joint. However, several adverse drug reactions, mainly of the gastrointestinal tract, and the larger number of patients withdrawing from treatment means that the addition of such doses of codeine cannot be recommended for longer-term treatment of chronic pain in elderly patients.
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PMID:Codeine plus paracetamol versus paracetamol in longer-term treatment of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the hip. A randomised, double-blind, multi-centre study. 229 42

Eight patients with macroprolactinomas were treated with a long-acting injectable form of bromocriptine, depot-bromocriptine (Parlodel LAR). With the exception of one male patient who had partial and short-lasting suppression of PRL levels after two injections and who underwent a second adenomectomy, the patients were given Parlodel LAR injections at 28-day intervals for six months. In all patients, there was a significant fall in serum PRL levels after the first injection. PRL secretion was suppressed to within the normal range in 3 of 7 patients on long-term treatment. PRL was consistently within the normal range in 2 patients from the sixth week and in one, from the 14th week onwards. In the other 4 of 7 patients, a marked suppression of PRL secretion, resumption of menses, and normal libido and potency were recorded. In 3 of 8 patients, no adverse effects were noted. Two patients reported short-lasting nausea, one vomiting, one constipation and in 2 patients, orthostatic dizziness occurred after the first injection. Subsequent injections, however, were well tolerated systematically and locally. Five patients had CT scan evidence of tumour shrinkage. A very large tumour virtually disappeared after the first injection of 50 mg depot-bromocriptine in one patient. The decrease of serum PRL secretion within the first 12 hours after injection did not predict normalization of serum PRL levels during long-term treatment, whereas the fall of serum PRL levels to below 5% of the basal values within the first months of treatment could be a good indicator for the final outcome.
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PMID:Parlodel LAR in the treatment of macroprolactinomas. 231 14

HP 029 (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate), an oral anticholinesterase, enhances memory in rodents and may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). To assess adverse events in relation to dosage and plasma drug levels, 24 hospitalized AD subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or HP 029 for 10 days in a double-blind, sequential escalation study. Maximum daily dosages were 450 mg (group 1), 300 mg (group 2), and 225 mg (group 3), divided into three doses per day. The group 1 trial was discontinued on day 5 because one subject, 6 hours following the second of three scheduled 150-mg doses, had a tonic seizure after protracted vomiting and hyperventilation; adverse events in other patients included nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, dizziness, and syncope. Adverse events were generally less severe in group 2, but only two of six HP 029 subjects could complete the trial at 300 mg/day. All group 3 subjects completed the trial at 225 mg/day with drug related, mild adverse events (nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, rhinorrhea) in only two subjects. Although mean plasma drug levels were related to adverse events across dosage groups, they did not adequately predict the occurrence or severity of adverse events in individual subjects. The 225 mg/day dose appears to be safe for use in multicenter outpatient trials of HP 029 efficacy in AD. Further patient studies are ongoing to determine the relation of specific subject characteristics to the metabolic profile of HP 029 and biological response.
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PMID:Clinical safety, tolerance, and plasma levels of the oral anticholinesterase 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridin-1-oL-maleate (HP 029) in Alzheimer's disease: preliminary findings. 235 6

The majority of cases of acute, nonspecific diarrhea are of short duration, can be treated symptomatically with nonprescription medications and adequate hydration, and do not require a visit to the physician's office. If the family practitioner can determine via telephone that the patient, or the caller's child, is not experiencing certain signs and symptoms often associated with diarrheal illness that may indicate a more severe condition (e.g., high fever, vomiting, persistent diarrhea, or diarrhea accompanied by blood or severe abdominal or rectal pain), self-treatment may be allowed without an office visit. In addition, if the physician determines that the patient is not suffering from diarrheal dehydration, indicated by dry mouth, excessive thirst (or for children, inadequate fluid intake), wrinkled skin, little or no urination, dizziness, or lightheadedness, the physician may also allow the patient to be treated without an office visit. If, however, the patient is experiencing any of these symptoms, an office visit is required to facilitate further evaluation by the physician.
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PMID:Family practitioner's guide to patient self-treatment of acute diarrhea. 235 47

We present here a case with various physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by the administration of carbamazepine. The patient suffering from right ophthalmic neuralgia showed fever, eczema, erythema, lymphoadenopathy, eosinophilia, vomiting, headache, dizziness, nystagmus, and various mental disorders which consisted of emotional instability, personality change, delusions of reference and persecution, depressive state, and hyperventilation syndrome during the administration of carbamazepine. The physical symptoms in the present case were conformable to the side effect of carbamazepine. The mental disorders appeared in a few days from the start of carbamazepine administration and disappeared after the discontinuation of the administration of this drug without antipsychotic therapy and have never relapsed until now. The mental disorders and the physical symptoms were in parallel with their clinical course. This kind of mental disorders induced by carbamazepine has not yet been reported.
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PMID:Mental disorders induced by carbamazepine. 236 93

There has been increased recognition of adenosquamous lung carcinoma since the 1982 modification of World Health Organization (WHO) histologic criteria. However, data on clinical features of this histologic subtype were nonexistent. Medical records of 127 patients with adenosquamous lung carcinoma were reviewed to determine the clinical features, namely, age, race, sex, smoking history, asbestos exposure, symptoms present at the time of diagnosis, stage, treatments, and survival. The age distribution was: less than 40 yr, 3%; 40 to 49, 17%; 50 to 59, 28%; 60 to 69, 32%; 70 to 79, 18%; greater than or equal to 80, 2%. Men constituted 72%, and 90% were smokers. Four smokers had documented asbestos exposure. The symptoms in order of decreasing frequency were cough, weight loss, expectoration, anorexia, chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, hemoptysis, pneumonia, fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chills. Stage could be ascertained in 120 (95%) patients. Local stage constituted 10%, regional constituted 30%, and distant constituted 60%. Local stage had the best survival, with a projected 5-yr survival of 62%. Median survivals in regional and distant stages were 8 and 4 months, respectively. Symptoms of adenosquamous lung carcinoma were similar to other histologies. Most patients present in regional or distant stages. Local-stage patients had a good long-term survival after surgical excision of the tumor.
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PMID:Clinical features of adenosquamous lung carcinoma in 127 patients. 236 69

Lorcainide was used in 17 children and adolescents aged 14 days to 18 years (mean 6.8 years) with the preexcitation syndrome (W-P-W type). Lorcainide was able to control attacks of supraventricular tachycardia in eight of 11 patients with the W-P-W syndrome and tachyarrhythmias. Long-term maintenance therapy prevented new attacks of tachyarrhythmia for an average period of nine (5-15) months in all seven patients who tolerated lorcainide administration. Normalization of the W-P-W pattern was reached in nine of 11 children with the W-P-W syndrome who had tachyarrhythmias and in three of six asymptomatic children with the ECG pattern of W-P-W. Single effective doses ranged from 12.5 mg orally in the neonates to 100 mg in the adolescents. The effect of lorcainide on the ECG usually appeared 2 h after the oral administration of the drug. Dizziness in three with insomnia and vomiting in one patient complicated the treatment. No drug-associated abnormalities in blood cell counts and biochemical values were identified.
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PMID:Lorcainide treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in children and adolescents. 244 13

A 51-year-old female with an ependymal cyst in the left occipital lobe presented with headache, vomiting, dizziness, and right incomplete homonymous hemianopsia. Following a cyst-ventricular communication and cyst-peritoneal shunting procedure, the visual field loss improved markedly. On the basis of the visual field symptoms, computed tomographic findings, and intraoperative observations, the cyst was considered to have developed in the vicinity of the body and posterior horn of the left lateral ventricle, extending to the left occipital lobe.
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PMID:Occipital lobe ependymal cyst--case report. 247 43

A case of giant, thrombosed, non haemorrhagic aneurysm of the distal portion of the left vertebral artery is reported. The patient came to medical attention with an acute cervical pain after a minimal cervical traumatism and a diagnosis of torticollis from rheumatologic cause was made. In fact, a few weeks before, he had suffered three episodes of right homonymous hemianopsia. Subsequently, hiccup, vomiting, orthostatic dizziness with postural hypotension appeared, suggesting a medullary lesion. CT scan showed a round, heterogeneous high-density lesion near the fourth ventricle. Angiography was normal. MRI showed an oval mass in the fourth ventricle, between the medulla and the cerebellum. Surgery found an aneurysm of the end of the left vertebral artery.
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PMID:[Giant thrombosed aneurysm of the left vertebral artery developing in the fourth ventricle]. 259 70

Epidural analgesia is an important intervention in patients with pain after surgery. This article presents a brief overview of the anatomy of the epidural space and the physiology of pain transmission, including the action of narcotics in pain relief. The importance of written nursing protocols and in-service education for nursing staff members is discussed as being a necessary prerequisite for the safe use of epidural analgesia. A flow diagram with rationale illustrates the epidural injection technique. Nursing care of patients receiving epidural narcotics is detailed. The discussion emphasizes the management of potential side effects from epidural narcotics (respiratory depression, urinary retention, pruritus, pain on injection, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting) and includes information on the use of a narcotic antagonist. Recommendations are made for preoperative and postoperative teaching of the patient and family. A variety of tools for assessing patients' pain levels are described, and a comprehensive nursing care plan with nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions is provided.
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PMID:Nursing management of patients receiving epidural narcotics. 264 76


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