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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Piglets were weaned when 1 day old and thus were denied further access to the antibodies supplied by their dam's milk. They were placed in a nursery in which contamination by the ubiquitous rotavirus steadily increased with continuous use causing a progressive increase in the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea, and death among the piglets. A similar syndrome involving an antigenically related rotavirus and analogous management practices occurs in human infants.
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PMID:Rearing regimen producing piglet diarrhea (rotavirus) and its relevance to acute infantile diarrhea. 20 32

During early summer 1975 and spring 1976, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis were reported from primary schools and other institutions in several districts of Japan. Outbreaks occurred in an explosive manner resembling mass food poisoning from a school lunch. The majority of patients were in the age group 6-14 years. Clinical features were generally mild, consisting of vomiting and/or diarrhea, often with low-grade fever. Reovirus-like agents in the feces were found in 27 (44%) of 62 patients. The virus found in feces of schoolchildren with acute gastroenteritis (SCGV) was related morphologically as well as serologically, not only to the agent found in infantile gastroenteritis (IGV), but also to neonatal calf diarrhea virus (NCDV). A slight difference in antigenicity between SCGV and IGV as suggested by cross complement fixation (CF) remains to be elucidated. About one-half of paired sera from 54 patients showed a significant rise in CF antibody against SCGV and/or NCDV. The pattern of neutralizing (NT) antibody against NCDV in patients' sera was similar to that of CF antibody. Most children studied had a titer of 1:4 or greater of CF and/or NT antibodies to SCGV and NCDV in acute sera. The relationship between acute gastroenteritis associated with reovirus-like agent in infants and that in schoolchildren is discussed.
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PMID:Acute gastroenteritis among schoolchildren associated with reovirus-like agent. 20 88

Yersinia infections in 16 adults and 9 children are reported. 15 cases were caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, 8 of them were proved by serological findings. In 4 cases the infection by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was likely, in 3 other cases possible only. Real infections caused by serotype IV are demonstrated too. Furthermore there were 10 cases caused by Yersinia enterocolitica, 3 of them were proved by bacterial, the other ones by serological findings. Both germs caused identical symptoms: fever (80%), abdominal pains (56%), diarrhoea (52%), erythema nodosum (44%), arthritis (40%), vomiting (16%), weight loss (16%), lymphoma (12%) and others. In children 50% of erythema nodosum was produced by intestinal yersiniosis. The beginning with gastroenteritis and fever mostly was followed by a second phase with returning fever, abdominal pains, erythema nodosum and/or arthritis. Antibiotic therapy had a definite effect only in the first phase of gastroenteritis and in the two possibly relapsing cases. In two of 5 patients with long standing arthritis the HL-AB 27 was present.
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PMID:[Intestinal yersiniosis: 25 cases of infections with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica (author's transl)]. 20 60

The most important part of treatment of watery diarrhea is hydration. An oral glucose electrolyte solution is often used in place of intravenous therapy in diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and undiagnosed watery diarrheal diseases. In cholera and enterotoxigenic E. coli diarrhea, sucrose can be used in place of glucose, as sucrose can be hydrolized to fructose and glucose by intestinal dissacharidases, and it is also more readily available and cheaper than glucose. In a randomized double-blind trial of 57 male children (aged 5 months to 2 1/2 years) with rotavirus diarrhea, 28 were rehydrated with sucrose electrolyte solution and 29 were given glucose solution. The children were compared with 44 children, also with rotavirus diarrhea but treated only with intravenous hydration. There were no significant differences in the rate of rehydration or rate of purging between the 2 groups. Vomiting was not a factor in administering oral therapy during hospital admission. Patients with rotavirus infection may have defects of absorption and digestion of carbohydrates but such abnormalities should not prevent the use of sugar-electrolyte oral solution for hydration. Rotavirus infection is one of the most common causes of infantile diarrhea which necessitates hospital treatment. Either glucose or sucrose can be used in the solution, and this fact is especially important in developing countries where medical supplies are limited.
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PMID:Oral hydration rotavirus diarrhoea: a double blind comparison of sucrose with glucose electrolyte solution. 20 63

In 43 out of 90 children suffering from acute gastroenteritis Rotaviruses could be identified in stool-specimens by electronmicroscopy. Symptoms were watery diarrhoea (100%), vomiting (88%), fever (77%), dehydration (47%) and upper respiratory tract infection (21%). In 3 out of 9 patients liver involvement could be documented. In 29 children i.v.-fluid therapy for 1-2 days was necessary. Only in 1 patient severe diarrhoea persisted for 11 days.
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PMID:[Rotavirus infections in children (author's transl)]. 21 17

The electronmicroscopic examination of stool samples from 18 infants and young children with gastroenteritis, hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Prague, was carried out. In ten children rotavirus was found in the faeces and the bacteriological findings were negative. Rotavirus particles were aggregated by convalescent child sera and by normal human gamma globulin. The clinical picture was characterized by the sudden onset of vomiting and fever, in one case with febrile convulsions. Diarrhoea was watery and yellow-green, and usually persisted for four to five days. The condition of the children improved rapidly after rehydration and a special diet. Older siblings, and in one family also adult members, were frequently affected.
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PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children. 21 37

The cause of diarrhea in a Rochester, Minnesota, pediatric population was studied by examining specimens for the presence of enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli and reovirus-like agents, in addition to parasites and other bacteria and viruses. Reovirus-like agents were detected by electron microscopy in the feces of 11 of 31 patients, but none was found from specimens collected during convalescence or from 16 asymptomatic matched controls (P less than 0.01). Infection due to reovirus-like agents occurred significantly more often during the winter months in patients 6 to 18 months of age. Vomiting and diarrhea most often occurred simultaneously. All patients recovered without significant complications or sequelae, although one child was hospitalized for 3 days. Mean duration of illness was 9 days. No enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli were detected from symptomatic or control groups. Our results show that of the 16 organisms detected in stool specimens (11 reovirus-like agents, 3 salmonellae, and single isolates of adenovirus and enterovirus), the reovirus-like agent was the most frequent (69%) and was the probable etiologic agent in 35% of the cases of diarrhea in Rochester children.
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PMID:Etiology of pediatric gastroenteritis in Rochester, Minnesota. 21 2

In December 1976, an outbreak of acute infectious diarrhea occurred among infants who resided in an infant home in the city of Sapporo. Rotavirus infection was proved in 42 (90%) of 47 infants by serologic and/or electron microscopic examinations. Out of 42 infected infants 38(90%) were clinically affected; diarrhea with or without vomiting in 27 (64%), vomiting without diarrhea in 6 (14%) and only febrile episode in 5 (12%). The remaining 4(10%) infants showed no symptoms. Clinical manifestations seemed to differ depending on age. Diarrhea without vomiting was more common in the patients younger than 6 months of age, and vomiting or fever was more common in the groups of older age. Possible reasons for such an age dependency were discussed on the basis of complement-fixation tests using human and calf strains of rotavirus.
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PMID:An out-break of acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in an infant home. 22 Jul 51

Two apparently novel viral gastroenteritides of dogs were recognized in 1978: one caused by a parvo-like virus (CPV) and one by a corona-like virus (CCV). A rotavirus has also been tentatively associated with neonatal pup enteritis. Canine viral enteritis is characterized by a sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea, rapid spread and high morbidity. Treatment is only supportive but must be initiated promptly. Infected animals should be isolated immediately; the extremely contagious nature of these diseases makes them difficult to contain. Feces from infected dogs appear to be the primary means of transmission. Sodium hypochlorite solutions (eg, Clorox) are recommended for disinfection. The development of effective vaccines is an immediate and pressing problem.
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PMID:Canine viral enteritis. Recent developments. 22 4

In a hospital study rotavirus was identified in 51% of 152 children with diarrhoea. These patients showed a clinical pattern that was distinct from patients in whom the diarrhoea was associated with bacteria, other viruses, or no pathogens. A respiratory illness was described in 66% of rotavirus patients and usually preceded the gastrointestinal symptoms. Vomiting lasted between one and 3 days and was curtailed by substituting the normal diet with clear fluids. Watery diarrhoes continued for 4 or 5 days, even when rehydration was by the intravenous rather than the oral route. Prolonged diarrhoea was rare. Most children infected with rotavirus were under 2 years of age, but dehydration was most severe in infants aged between 12 and 18 months. A clinician can thus recognise the rotavirus syndrome and expect spontaneous recovery if adequate rehydration is maintained for a critical few days.
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PMID:A year's experience of the rotavirus syndrome and its association with respiratory illness. 22 24


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