Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in 1974 in a long-stay children's ward. Electron microscopy demonstrated rotaviruses in faeces from the affected children in the first outbreak, and adenoviruses in faeces from affected children and a nurse in the second outbreak. The illness in both outbreaks was very mild; but the diarrhoea associated with rotavirus infection usually lasted 5-8 days (in one patient it lasted for 28 days) and sometimes started with vomiting; whereas the adenovirus-associated diarrhoea lasted only 2-4 days and was not associated with vomiting. Neither the rotaviruses nor the adenoviruses could be established in tissue-culture.
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PMID:Epidemic viral enteritis in a long-stay children's ward. 4 58

The use of sucrose in oral rehydration therapy solutions in place of glucose was tested in 18 patients, 17 males and 1 female, admitted for treatment of severe dehydration due to diarrhea and vomiting. 13 of these patients were positive for cholera (1 with untyped vibrio), whereas 4 others cultured no recognizable pathogen. Patients received an average 1100 ml of intravenous fluids to keep the intravenous drip open during the oral therapy period, and the intravenous therapy was stopped or slowed during oral (or nasogastric) therapy. Average patient age was 32 years. Oral solutions contained either 48 or 38 gm of sucrose per liter plus (in all solutions) sodium chloride (4.2 gm/liter), sodium bicarbonate (2 gm/liter), and potassium citrate (2.7 gm/liter). Of the 18 patients, 15 could be maintained using this solution, but 3 developed massive increases in net fluid losses with increases in plasma specific gravity, which necessitated terminating the therapy. In these failure cases, plasma specific gravity increased over 1.031. Stool samples of 12 patients tested were found to contain reducing sugar: prehydrolysis 436 mg/100 ml, posthydrolysis 957 mg/100 ml. The breakdown of sucrose by intestinal enzymes or by bacteria accounts for the presence of reducing sugar in the stool. These data contrast with the rarity of treatment failures of oral glucose therapy; therefore, glucose is the preferable component in oral rehydration electrolyte solution therapy.
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PMID:Sucrose in oral therapy for cholera and related diarrhoeas. 4 61

On Feb. 3, 1975, 196 (57%) of 344 passengers and 1 steward aboard a commercial aircraft contracted a gastrointestinal illness characterised by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea; 142 passengers and the steward were admitted to hospital. Symptoms developed shortly after a ham and omelette breakfast had been served. An investigation strongly incriminated ham as the vehicle of the outbreak, and the source seems to have been a cook with lesions on his fingers. The attack-rate was 86% for passengers who ate the ham handled by this cook and 0% for passengers who ate ham handled exclusively by another food preparer. Before being served, the ham and omelette had been held at room temperature for 14 h and at 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) for 14 1/2 h Specimens of stool and vomitus from ill passengers, left-over food, and the finger lesions of the cook were positive for Staphylococcus aureus of identical phage types and antibiotic sensitivities. Preformed enterotoxin was detected in the left-over ham and omelette. This outbreak re-emphasises that people with infected lesion should not handle food and that foods must be stored at temperatures low enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria. To ensure against a common foodborne illness incapacitating the entire flight crew, cockpit crew members should eat different meals prepared by different cooks.
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PMID:Staphylococcal food poisoning aboard a commercial aircraft. 5 19

In a clinical study of 32 infants with symptoms from infections with the human reovirus-like agent (R.I.A.) identified by electron microscopy (E.M.) of faecal extracts, a fairly consistent clinical pattern was found in 30 who had a gastroenteritis-like illness. The disease was usually mild, affecting mainly infants less than 2 years and males more commonly than females. The incubation period appeared to be 48-72 hours; and the onset was sudden, often with vomiting in the first 1-2 days of the illness. Loose yellow-green offensive stools without blood or mucus developed after a variable time, and there was often accompanying fever. Severe dehydration and electrolyte inbalance were uncommon; and with standard treatment the illness was uncomplicated, usually lasting 5-8 days. These features resemble those of previously reported winter epidemics of infantile non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and it is suggested that these epidemics were due to R.L.A. 2 infants in whom R.L.A. was identified in the stool did not have a gastroenteritis-like illness although both had protracted diarrhoea.
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PMID:Infantile gastroenteritis: a clinical study of reovirus-like agent infection. 5 64

St Christophers' Hospice near London is now internationally known as a special centre for the care of terminally ill patients. In these cases, the relief of symptoms is paramount, and prominent among those symptoms is pain. Such pain can almost always be relieved without euphoria or lessening of consciousness. More than 60% of patients admitted to St Christopher's complain of pain, and the scheme of management outlined below results in substantial or complete relief of pain in all of them. Addiction does not occur when control of the patient's pain is part of the pattern of total care. The author considers management of pain of varying severity, together with associated symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth and hiccup, dyspnoea, cough, anxiety and depression, insomnia, constipation and diarrhoea.
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PMID:Drug control of common symptoms in the terminally ill patient. 6 49

20 consecutive child admissions to a Calcutta, India, hospital with acute diarrhea and moderate to severe clinical dehydration were studied. They were treated with an oral sucrose/electrolyte solution, which achieved complete hydration in 19 out of the 20 cases; 1 child did not respond and needed intravenous therapy. Vomiting, abdominal distension, and appearance of sugar in the stools during oral therapy did not interfer with its success. A child was considered to have recovered when the body weight had stabilized and when there was no further diarrhea, a process requiring 5-6 days. In addition, recovery involved restoration of plasma-bicarbonate to normal levels, falls in the hematocrit values and in the plasma specific gravidity, and complete clinical recovery. Solutions of glucose/electrolytes have already been used in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Replacement of glucose with sucrose is preferable since it is less expensive and more readily available in developing areas. This study showed that replacement of the glucose with sucrose is as effective.
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PMID:Evaluation of a sucrose/electrolyte solution for oral rehydration in acute infantile diarrhoea. 6 56

Thirty-nine infants suspected of having cow's milk protein intolerance (C.M.P.I.) were investigated, and jejunal biopsies were performed before and after challenge with cow's milk. Thirty patients had significant jejunal mucosal damage after milk challenge, but symptoms of diarrhoea and vomiting developed in only twenty-two. The patients with symptoms were subsequently managed on a diet free from cow's milk until tolerance developed. However, the eight infants without symptoms (but with jejunal mucosal damage) made satisfactory clinical progress, with adequate weight-gain, on a diet of cow's milk. Repeat jejunal biopsy specimens from two of these patients showed that there had been a definite improvement since the immediate post-challenge biopsy specimens were taken. Most patients with C.M.P.I. who need to be treated with a diet from which cow's milk has been eliminated may be detected by clinical means alone, and the remainder may continue on a cow's milk diet unless or until symptoms develop. There seems to be no clinical justification for routine jejunal biopsy in infants in whom C.M.P.I. is suspected.
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PMID:Is jejunal biopsy really necessary in cow's milk protein intolerance? 7 22

48 patients admitted to a rural Bangladesh hospital with dehydration secondary to diarrhea were examined for infection caused by (R.L.A.) reovirus-like agent or (E.T.E.C.) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The diagnosis of R.L.A. infection was established by electron microscopy of stool filtrates and by a 4-fold or greater rise in serum complement-fixing antibodies to the Nebraska calf diarrhea virus. Evidence of infection by heat-labile-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture and serological testing using the adrenal cell tissue-culture system. Infection by heat-stable-toxin producing E.T.E.C. was sought by stool culture using the infant mouse test. 12 patients, all less than 2 years old, had evidence of R.L.A. infection, accounting for illness in 5% of the 22 patients under 2. None of these 22 had evidence of E.E.T.E.C. infection. R.L.A. diarrhea lasted 5-6 days, often led to serious dehydration, and was associated with vomiting and fever. 11 cases of E.T.E.C. diarrhea were detected, accounting for 56% of the cases of diarrhea in the 18 patients who were more than 10 years old. Diarrhea caused by E.T.E.C. was sudden in onset, shorter in duration, and caused pronounced dehydration. In a community survey, E.T.E.C. was isolated with equal frequency in the stools of control and case family members. Data suggest that E.T.E.C. is a common cause of adult diarrhea in Bangladesh while R.L.A. is a common cause of diarrhea in children.
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PMID:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in rural Bangladesh. 7 38

Cow's milk allergy was diagnosed in 79 patients, all of whom had signs and symptoms of allergies other than milk intolerance. In addition to difficulties with infant feeding and diarrhoea, clinical features included constipation, vomiting, intestinal colic, growth retardation, and psychological disturbance, as well as eczema and asthma. All were reversible after milk withdrawal, which suggests that the allergic basis of such symptoms may have been underestimated. In most cases, one or both parents were atopic and the child had been bottle-fed from birth. There were no breast-fed children of non-atopic parents in this series.
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PMID:Common manifestations of cow's milk allergy in children. 7 38

The efficacy of flufenamic acid (3 times/day in 200 mg doses) was tested in a double-blind crossover study, using 44 primary dysmenorrheic patients. After 3 months of use, flufenamic relieved symptoms in most patients. Associated gastrointestinal symptoms were relieved in 66% and 52% (for vomiting and diarrhea, respectively), and 28% of patients experienced cessation of pain symptoms. 4 cases of drug-induced side effects were reported: dizziness and mild dyspepsia.
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PMID:Flufenamic acid in treatment of primary spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. A double-blind crossover study. 7 92


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