Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni) is an insect of medical significance in the eastern Mediterranean. This report describes three exposure cases in dogs due to ingestion of this moth's caterpillars in Israel. All three dogs were observed in direct contact with caterpillars or pinecones in infested gardens. The disease course and progression of signs were acute in all three cases, and included vomiting and severe tongue swelling. Physical examination findings included hyperthermia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress, cyanosis and tongue oedema, labial angioedema, ptyalism, bilateral submandibular lymphadenomegaly and conjunctivitis. Severe tongue necrosis and sloughing of its distal portion occurred 2-5 days after admission to the hospital. All dogs recovered and were discharged within 2-7 days of admission. Two staff members, attending one of the dogs, experienced an itchy rash and wheals on their arms, wrists and necks. To the best of our knowledge, this should be the first report of severe oral lesions and tongue necrosis due to contact with T. wilkinsoni caterpillars.
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PMID:Severe tongue necrosis associated with pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni) ingestion in three dogs. 1573 65

Allergic reactions after vaccination are considered as an important practical problem in dogs; however, their immunological mechanism has not been well understood. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between IgE reactivity to the vaccines and immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination in dogs. Sera from 10 dogs that developed immediate-type allergic reactions such as circulatory collapse, cyanosis, dyspnea, facial edema, and vomiting within 1h after vaccination with non-rabies monovalent or combined vaccines and sera from 50 dogs that did not develop allergic reactions after vaccination were collected. Serum IgE reactivity to the injected vaccines was measured by fluorometric ELISA using a mouse monoclonal anti-dog IgE antibody. Then, IgE reactivity to fetal calf serum (FCS) and stabilizer proteins (gelatin, casein, and peptone) included in the vaccines was measured in sera that had high levels of IgE to the vaccines. Levels of serum specific IgE to the vaccines in dogs with immediate-type allergic reactions (59-4173 fluorescence units [FU], mean +/- S.D.: 992.5 +/- 1181.9 FU) were significantly higher than those in control dogs (38-192 FU, 92.4 +/- 43.3 FU) (P < 0.001). Of the eight dogs that developed immediate-type allergic reactions and had high levels of serum specific IgE to the vaccines, seven had specific IgE directed to FCS. The IgE reactivity to the vaccines in sera from these dogs was almost completely inhibited by FCS. The other one dog had serum IgE directed to gelatin and casein included in the vaccine as stabilizers. The results obtained in this study suggest that immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination in dogs were induced by type I hypersensitivity mediated by IgE directed to vaccine components. In addition, FCS, gelatin, and casein included in vaccines could be the causative allergens that induced immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination in dogs.
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PMID:IgE reactivity to vaccine components in dogs that developed immediate-type allergic reactions after vaccination. 1573 45

A boy aged 6 months and a girl aged 9 months were admitted due to vomiting, among others, and a boy aged 11 months due to pneumonia. It turned out that they had a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Primary operative repair was performed successfully in all patients, followed by recovery. The older boy experienced a relapse nearly 1 year later, which was treated by surgical correction. Most congenital diaphragmatic hernias present directly after birth, with cyanosis and respiratory distress. However, 10-20% of the cases are discovered after this period. In these children diagnosis can be difficult because of the diverse symptoms such as vomiting, feeding difficulties, tachypnoea or recurrent respiratory tract infections. Physical signs include the absence of breath sounds or the presence of bowel sounds in the chest. Chest X-ray, contrast upper gastrointestinal series or ultrasound imaging confirms the diagnosis. Delay in treatment can lead to complications such as necrosis of the bowel. In young children with acute or chronic respiratory infections or gastrointestinal complaints, a congenital diaphragmatic defect should be considered.
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PMID:[Late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia]. 1593 31

Infantile myofibromatosis is a disorder of infancy and early childhood, typically presenting as a solitary lesion or multiple widespread nodular tumors localized to skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone, viscera, or central nervous system. We present a case of infantile myofibromatosis, multicentric type, in a 4-month-old male infant who initially presented with an occipital scalp mass and other skin-colored nodular mass lesions over his face, trunk, and four limbs. He received tissue biopsy to establish a definite diagnosis. Craniotomy was also arranged for tumor removal due to dural involvement with internal extension and compression of adjacent sigmoid sinus. The patient eventually died of cardiopulmonary failure secondary to primary pulmonary hypertension at age 11 months. Before his death, he had suffered from abdominal distention and frequent vomiting, followed by aggravated respiratory distress and cyanosis. Aggressive surveillance for cardiopulmonary or gastrointestinal involvement is recommended in such cases because prognosis varies according to the involvement of vital organs.
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PMID:Infantile myofibromatosis presenting with scalp dermoid cyst. 1619 33

We retrospectively reviewed 34 consecutive patients with serologically confirmed leptospirosis admitted during years 1992-2002. Nine patients (26.5%) had respiratory symptoms on admission including cough (n = 4), shortness of breath (n = 4), cyanosis (n = 2), and hemoptysis (n = 1). Six patients had pulmonary radiographic findings including (1) diffuse, ill-defined, ground-glass density (n = 3); (2) diffuse alveolar opacities (n = 2); and (3) small nodular density (n = 1). Male/female ratio was 8/1 and mean age was 47 years. Seven patients reported their exposure source including hunting (n = 2), fishing (n = 2), fresh water swimming (n = 2), and canoeing (n = 1). All patients had fever (mean = 40.1 degrees C). Other common symptoms were headache (n = 4), vomiting (n = 3), and myalgia (n = 3). Biological abnormalities included elevated liver enzymes (n = 8), proteinuria (n = 7), lymphopenia (n = 6), hematuria (n = 5), renal failure (n = 4), anemia (n = 4), and elevated neutrophil count (n = 4). PaO(2 )was measured for 3 patients while they were breathing room air (32, 55, and 66 mmHg). Suspected diagnosis on admission included leptospirosis (n = 2), bacterial pneumonia (n = 2), intoxication, influenza, viral hepatitis, biliary tract lithiasis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (one patient each). The first serologic testing for leptospirosis was positive for 5 patients (55%). Serovar was presumptively identified for 7 patients: Australis (n = 3), Grippotyphosa (n = 2), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 2). Seven patients were treated with penicillin; two patients received no antibiotics. All patients were cured. In conclusion, patients with leptospirosis may present predominantly with nonspecific pulmonary symptoms. In these patients, leptospirosis must be suspected when there is a potential exposure to rats, especially in case of high-grade fever, myalgia, hepatitis, and renal abnormalities.
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PMID:Respiratory manifestations of leptospirosis: a retrospective study. 1621 64

This randomized, open label, multicenter study assessed the dose-response and safety profile for oral sitamaquine in 120 Indian subjects with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Patients aged 5-64 years (mean age 21.2 years) received one of four sitamaquine doses (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, or 2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) daily for 28 days. At Day 180 in the intent-to-treat population, final cure (primary efficacy outcome) was achieved in 92 of 106 (87%) patients overall and 25 of 31 (81%), 24 of 27 (89%), 23 of 23 (100%), and 20 of 25 (80%) patients at doses of 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, or 2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) sitamaquine, respectively. Sitamaquine was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events during the active treatment phase were vomiting (8% [10 of 120]), dyspepsia (8% [9 of 120]) and cyanosis (3% [4 of 120]). Nephrotic syndrome (3% [3 of 120]) and glomerulonephritis (2% [2 of 120]) were also reported and require further investigation. Oral sitamaquine demonstrated efficacy in Indian VL and was well tolerated.
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PMID:A phase II dose-ranging study of sitamaquine for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India. 1635 2

A 4-year-old child with chickenpox infection for 5 days prior to death complained of swelling and pain in his right leg that required medical assistance in the emergency department. Radiologic study was normal, and analgesic and bandage of the leg were prescribed. Some hours later, he presented cyanosis, dizziness, and vomiting and collapsed. A complete forensic autopsy was performed 12 hours after death. External examination of the body showed numerous crusty varicella skin lesions, especially over the trunk, and swelling and reddening of his right leg. The brain was swollen, with cerebellar herniation, and both adrenal glands were hemorrhagic.Microscopically, neutrophilic infiltration and muscle fiber necrosis were observed in soft tissues of his right leg, and fibrin microthrombus were numerous in capillaries of the plexus choroideus, larynx, lungs, and adrenals. Bacterial emboli were present in most of the tissues. Microbiologic cultures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid showed group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). Death was attributed to fulminant streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, with necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of varicella.
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PMID:Sudden unexpected death in a child with varicella caused by necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. 1650 60

Dinitrotoluenes (DNTs) are byproducts of the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT), and exist as a mixture of 2 to 6 isomers, with 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT being the most significant. The main route of human exposure at ammunition facilities is inhalation. The primary targets of DNTs toxicity are the hematopoietic system, cardiovascular system, nervous system and reproductive system. In factory workers, exposure to DNTs has been linked to many adverse health effects, including: cyanosis, vertigo, headache, metallic taste, dyspnea, weakness and lassitude, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms including pain or parasthesia in extremities, abdominal discomfort, tremors, paralysis, chest pain, and unconsciousness have been documented. An association between DNTs exposure and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinomas and subcutaneous tumors in rats, as well as renal tumors in mice, has been established. This research was therefore designed targeting the liver to assess the cellular and molecular responses of human liver carcinoma cells following exposure to 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Upon 48 hrs of exposure, LC50 values of 245 +/- 14.724 microg/mL, and 300 +/- 5.92 microg/mL were recorded for 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT respectively, indicating that both DNTs are moderately toxic, and 2,6-DNT is slightly more toxic to HepG2 cells than 2,4-DNT. A dose response relationship was recorded with respect to the cytotoxicity of both DNTs. Western blot analysis resulted in a significant expression (p<0.05) of the 70-kDa heat shock protein in 2,6-DNT-treated cells compared to the control cells and at the 200 microg/mL dose for 2,4-DNT. A statistically significant expression in c-fos was also observed at the 200 and 250 microg/mL treatment level for 2,4- and 2,6-DNT, respectively. However, no statistically significant expression of this protooncogene-related protein was observed at the doses of 0, 100, or 300 microg/mL or within the dose range of 0-200 microg/mL for 2,6-DNT. The 45-kDa growth arrest and damage protein was significantly expressed at the dose range of 200 - 250 microg/mL for 2,6-DNT and at the dose range of 200 - 400 microg/mL for 2,4-DNT. Expression of 153-kDa growth arrest and DNA damage protein was significant at the 100, 200, and 250 microg/mL doses for 2,6-DNT and at the 200 microg/mL dose for 2,4-DNT. Overall, these results indicate the potential of DNTs to induce cytotoxic, proteotoxic (HSP70), and genotoxic (GADD45/153) effects, as well as oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory reactions (c-fos).
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PMID:Cytotoxicity and expression of c-fos, HSP70, and GADD45/153 proteins in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells exposed to dinitrotoluenes. 1670 39

This study compared the influence of age and immunization status on symptoms in pediatric patients with pertussis. The files of 60 children, aged 7 to 18 years and 20 infants aged up to 6 months, admitted to our pediatric hospital with a diagnosis of pertussis were reviewed. There were no between-group differences in day and night cough or vomiting. The older group had a longer mean interval to diagnosis than the infants, and the infant group had more symptoms of whooping cough, facial redness during cough, cyanosis, a higher white blood count, a higher percentage of lymphocytes, and more abnormal chest X-rays. Statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated and unvaccinated older children for whooping cough and white blood cell count. Daytime and nighttime coughs are common symptoms of pertussis in all pediatric age groups, regardless of vaccination status. High white blood count is related to immunization status, and percentage of lymphocytes is related to age. In infants, symptoms are more grave but are typical, leading to early diagnosis.
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PMID:Pertussis symptoms in adolescents and children versus infants: the influence of vaccination and age. 1752 92

Propofol formulated in a mixed medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides emulsion has been recently introduced for clinical use as an alternative to the conventional long-chain triglycerides formulation. This prospective multicentric study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and the complications associated with the use of this new formulation of propofol in dogs. Forty-six Spanish veterinary clinics participated in this study. A total of 541 anaesthesias (118 ASA I, 290 ASA II, 101 ASA III and 32 ASA IV) performed for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes were evaluated. The anaesthetic protocol was not controlled, with the exception that propofol had to be used at least for induction of anaesthesia. The induction dose of propofol and the incidence of anaesthetic complications throughout the procedure were recorded. A chi-square test compared the incidence of complications according to the maintenance agent used (propofol vs. inhalatory anaesthesia), anaesthetic risk (ASA classification) and the reason for the anaesthesia. The patients premedicated with alpha2 agonists needed lower doses (mean +/- SD, 2.9 +/- 1.3 mg/kg i.v.) than the animals premedicated with phenothiazines (3.9 +/- 1.4 mg/kg i.v.) or benzodiazepines (4.0 +/- 1.4 mg/kg i.v.). The most frequent complications were difficult endotracheal intubation (1.3%), postinduction apnoea (11.3%), cyanosis (0.6%), bradypnoea (2.6%), tachypnoea (2.8%), bradycardia (2%), tachycardia (2.6%), hypotension (0.2%), shock (0.2%), vomiting (4.6%), epileptiform seizures (2.8%), premature awakening (7.4%) and delayed recovery (0.9%). There were no cases of pain on injection or aspiration pneumonia. Three dogs died (0.55%), one during induction and two during recovery from anaesthesia. This study demonstrates that the new formulation of propofol is an useful and effective drug to induce general anaesthesia in dogs.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of a new formulation of propofol in a medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides emulsion in dogs. 1761 Apr 1


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