Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large outbreak of haemorrhagic fever (subsequently named Ebola haemorrhagic fever) occurred in southern Sudan between June and November 1976. There was a total of 284 cases; 67 in the source town of Nzara, 213 in Maridi, 3 in Tembura, and 1 in Juba. The outbreak in Nzara appears to have originated in the workers of a cotton factory. The disease in Maridi was amplified by transmission in a large, active hospital. Transmission of the disease required close contact with an acute case and was usually associated with the act of nursing a patient. The incubation period was between 7 and 14 days. Although the link was not well established, it appears that Nzara could have been the source of infection for a similar outbreak in the Bumba Zone of Zaire.In this outbreak Ebola haemorrhagic fever was a unique clinical disease with a high mortality rate (53% overall) and a prolonged recovery period in those who survived. Beginning with an influenza-like syndrome, including fever, headache, and joint and muscle pains, the disease soon caused diarrhoea (81%), vomiting (59%), chest pain (83%), pain and dryness of the throat (63%), and rash (52%). Haemorrhagic manifestations were common (71%), being present in half of the recovered cases and in almost all the fatal cases.Two post mortems were carried out on patients in November 1976. The histopathological findings resembled those of an acute viral infection and although the features were characteristic they were not exclusively diagnostic. They closely resembled the features described in Marburg virus infection, with focal eosinophilic necrosis in the liver and destruction of lymphocytes and their replacement by plasma cells. One case had evidence of renal tubular necrosis.Two strains of Ebola virus were isolated from acute phase sera collected from acutely ill patients in Maridi hospital during the investigation in November 1976. Antibodies to Ebola virus were detected by immunofluorescence in 42 of 48 patients in Maridi who had been diagnosed clinically, but in only 6 of 31 patients in Nzara. The possibility of the indirect immunofluorescent test not being sufficiently sensitive is discussed.Of Maridi case contacts, in hospital and in the local community, 19% had antibodies. Very few of them gave any history of illness, indicating that Ebola virus can cause mild or even subclinical infections. Of the cloth room workers in the Nzara cotton factory, 37% appeared to have been infected, suggesting that the factory may have been the prime source of infection.
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PMID:Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan, 1976. Report of a WHO/International Study Team. 30 55

Buprenorphine, a new powerful analgesic agent, was used to treat chest pain in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Initial studies showed no significant changes in systemic or pulmonary artery blood pressure or in heart rate after intravenous buprenorphine. Sublingual buprenorphine also appeared effective in relieving pain, but its onset of action was considerably delayed compared with the intravenous route. A randomised double-blind controlled trial of equivalent doses of buprenorphine and diamorphine showed no significant difference between the drugs in terms of pain relief and duration of action. The occurrence of nausea, vomiting, and other side effects was similar in the two groups. The onset of action of buprenorphine was slightly but significantly slower than that of diamorphine. Since buprenorphine seems to be comparable with diamorphine in action and is not a controlled drug, it may prove useful in both general and hospital practice.
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PMID:Randomised trial comparing buprenorphine and diamorphine for chest pain in suspected myocardial infarction. 38 95

Accidental acute mercury vapor poisoning in three persons is reported. Three hours after exposure, symptomatology began by chills, vomiting, diarrhea and chest pain. Two patients, respectively 67 and 77 year old, presented severe pulmonary edema, then neurological symptoms with tremor and coma. This toxic pulmonary edema, which entailed artificial ventilation, was followed in both cases by an acute interstitial pulmonary fibrosis which led to death respectively after six and sixteen days. In the third case (a thirty eight year old patient) a skin rash, erythematous and pustuliform was observed. Analysis for total mercury by flameless atomic absorption showed very high mercury levels in blood and urine of the three patients. The effect of treatment by Dimercaptopropanol on renal excretion of mercury was studied. Optic and electron microscopy of the lung of the two patients who died showed the pulmonary changes of acute interstitial fibrosis.
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PMID:Accidental acute mercury vapor poisoning. 50 88

The clinical courses of 14 children with acute pulmonary blastomycosis were studied. All the patients had a remarkably similar illness limited to the lungs with fever, malaise, and respiratory symptoms (cough, sputum production, chest pain, and vomiting). Despite eventual recovery with treatment in all instances, 13 of the 14 children persisted in having abnormal roentgenograms. Three children have demonstrated persistent mild obstructive airway disease for two to 12 months after completion of therapy. These data suggest that the initial illness following childhood infections with Blastomyces dematitidis is usually an acute pulmonary disease without systemic dissemination. Evidence of residual lung abnormalities conflicts with the recent concept of this being a benign, self-limited illness. Our findings suggest the importance of long-term follow-up as well as a need for more complete understanding of the full clinical spectrum and prognosis of acute pulmonary blastomycosis.
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PMID:Acute pulmonary blastomycosis in children: clinical course and follow-up. 58 67

Twenty-two patients were given progressively increasing doses of Cytembena to determine toxicity patterns and to establish a dosage which produces definite but clinically tolerable toxicity when the drug is given by intravenous injections in a 5-day intensive course. Toxicity consisted primarily of nausea, vomiting, arm pain, and transiently decreased renal function. At higher doses, an "autonomic-storm" phenomenon was observed consisting of hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperperistalsis, frequent explosive defecation, facial flushing and paresthesias, and chest pain with accompanying ischemic EKG changes. There was no evidence of mucocutaneous, hepatic, or hematologic toxic effects. Toxicity was dose-related, first being recognized at a daily dose of 300 mg/m2 and becoming clinically intolerable at a daily dose of 475 mg/m2. No permanent damage was observed in any of the organ systems monitored. An acceptable treatment regimen for most patients is 400 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Patient discomfort can be reduced by dividing each day's dose into two intravenous injections given at an interval of at least 6 hours. Coronary artery disease and impaired renal function should be contraindications to Cytembena therapy, and caution should be employed in the patients with significant impairment of liver function. Two of 22 patients, both with far-advanced carcinoma and previous chemotherapy failures, showed a favorable objective response to Cytembena therapy. Phase II studies to assess the magnitude of the drug's antineoplastic activity seem warranted.
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PMID:A phase I study of cytembena. 94 91

A case report of mesenteric venous thrombosis with small bowel infarction in a 38-year-old woman who had been taking oral contraceptives is reported. The patient was admitted complaining of severe abdominal pain and vomiting for 36 hours. On admission, temperature was 37.5 degrees C and pulse 120/minute. Abdominal rigidity and left-sided abdominal tenderness were present. X-ray of the abdomen showed 2 distended loops of small bowel and 3 fluid levels. Serum amylase was normal. White cell count was 10,000/cu mm. There was a history of abdominal pain and diarrhea over a period of several years. For 6 months she had been taking Ovulen (mestranol .1 mg and ethynodiol diacetate .5 mg) for menstrual irregularity. 2 weeks earlier she had suffered an influenzalike illness with pleuristic chest pain, loin pain, urinary frequency, and dysuria. Chest X-ray and intravenous pylography were then reported as normal. At immediate operation, a 15 cm segment of ileum was found to be infarcted. Semipurulent fluid was present in the abdomen and areas of fibrinous peritonitis were observed. The involved segment of ileum was resected. A small thrombus was extracted from a mesenteric vein. Initial postoperative course was good but 3 days after operation chest pain, dyspnea, and giddiness developed and cardiac arrest followed. Resuscitation was successful. Pulmonary angiography then showed thrombi in all branches of the pulmonary artery. After heparin therapy symptoms improved and the patient left the hospital in 2 weeks, her condition being stabilized with warfarin and dipyridamole (Persantin). The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. Early recanalization of a mesenteric vein was noted. Other reported cases have shown an average prodromal phase of 4 or 5 days. The long-term diarrhea was considered as not connected with the present illness but the presumed influenza illness 2 weeks earlier may have been due to a pulmonary embolism. Of reported cases, 5 of 13 have died. Early diagnosis, prompt surgery, and heparin therpay are considered important.
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PMID:Mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with oral contraceptives: a case report. 106 70

Exercise myocardial-thallium scintigraphy plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Once exercise is not always feasible, pharmacological stress became a possible alternative. The authors review the mechanism of action, administrations protocols, indications and side effects of the drugs used for this purpose: dipyridamole, adenosine and dobutamine. Dipyridamole causes coronary hyperemia by increasing the interstitial levels of endogenous adenosine. Perfusion defects result from the mismatch of coronary reserve in different coronary territories. The drug administration is classically performed with a 0.142 mg/kg/min dosage e.v. for 4 minutes, total of 0.56 mg/kg. It is possible to use a greater dose of 0.84 mg/kg e.v. for 10 minutes, increasing sensitivity without loss of specificity for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Oral dipyridamole protocols with 300 and 400 mg were used with similar results for sensitivity and specificity. The oral protocol has the disadvantage of delayed onset and longer action. Including several dipyridamole studies, 87% was obtained for sensitivity and 84% for specificity, in the diagnosis of CAD. Dipyridamole scintigraphy has been applied to myocardial infarction risk stratification, cardiac risk evaluation of patients proposed to noncardiac surgery and therapeutic efficacy evaluation of reperfusion techniques (angioplasty and surgery). The secondary effects of dipyridamole are frequent, however mild and well tolerated. They occur in half the patients, the most frequent, facial flushing (2%), dizziness (5%), nausea (4%), vomiting (1%), headaches (11%) and chest pain (26%). Some important complications were reported although rare: myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation and bronchospasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Role of pharmacologic stimulation with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with ischemic cardiopathy]. 129 Jun 55

The widespread use of household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) as a disinfectant by IV drug users may cause an increase in the number of IV injections of this substance. We report the case of a 31-year-old man who injected less than 1 mL of bleach and then experienced transient left-sided chest pain and vomiting. The patient did not have any serious complications. This report is similar to the only other reported case in the medical literature of an IV injection of a small amount of bleach. Based on these two reports, household bleach appears to be safe when used as a disinfectant by IV drug users, but more studies are needed.
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PMID:Intravenous injection of household bleach. 141 39

Behavioral research in gastroenterology has grown exponentially over the last decade. Controlled studies demonstrate that psychotherapy, stress management, and hypnosis are effective for irritable bowel syndrome; and behavioral treatments are preferred over medical management for some types of fecal incontinence and vomiting. For peptic ulcer disease, interest in behavioral treatments has declined. However, a new syndrome, functional dyspepsia, is now recognized, in which ulcerlike symptoms occur without ulcer and frequently in association with psychological symptoms. For inflammatory bowel disease, stress management training has produced inconsistent outcomes. Newly recognized disorders for which behavioral treatments are needed include constipation associated with inability to relax the pelvic floor muscles during defecation, functional rectal pain (proctalgia), noncardiac chest pain, and aerophagia (excessive air swallowing).
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PMID:Behavioral medicine approaches to gastrointestinal disorders. 150 8

A multicenter study was performed to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to two contrast media with similar low osmolality during cardiac angiography. The study was of a randomized double-blind design comparing ioxaglate (an ionic dimer) and iopamidol (a nonionic compound) and included 500 patients; 250 patients received ioxaglate and 250 iopamidol. There were 58 adverse reactions attributed to the contrast media in the ioxaglate group and 29 in the iopamidol group (p less than 0.001). Chest pain occurred in 11 patients in the ioxaglate group compared with 5 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.123). Nausea or vomiting was present in 20 and 2 patients, respectively (p less than 0.0003). Allergic adverse reactions, such as bronchospasm, urticaria and itching, occurred in 15 of the ioxaglate group and only 1 of the patients receiving iopamidol (p less than 0.0007). Fifty-two patients in the ioxaglate group had a known allergic history (not to contrast medium) or asthma, whereas 77 receiving iopamidol had a similar history. Seven of the 52 ioxaglate-treated patients developed an allergic adverse reaction compared with none of the 77 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.001). Of 41 patients receiving ioxaglate who were premedicated with diphenhydramine, 4 had an allergic adverse event. In the iopamidol group 45 patients received similar premedication and none had an allergic adverse reaction (p less than 0.03). Thus, this multicenter study shows that adverse reactions occur more often with ioxaglate than with iopamidol and that patients with an allergic history have a greater risk with ioxaglate therapy compared with iopamidol.
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PMID:Adverse reactions of low osmolality contrast media during cardiac angiography: a prospective randomized multicenter study. 155 9


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