Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied an 8-year-old girl with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with many of the manifestations of Rett syndrome. She is profoundly mentally retarded and microcephalic after normal development in early childhood. Seizures, hyperventilation, ataxia, amimia, and "hand wringing" stereotypies are present. The distinguishing characteristic is the history of recurrent episodes of vomiting and hyperammonemic coma. This case points to the possible existence of genocopies of Rett syndrome.
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PMID:A case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with Rett syndrome manifestations. 308 94

The actions of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimetyltryptamine (MeODMT) and quipazine (QPZ) and the antagonists cyproheptadine, methysergide and metergoline, were studied in the rat and in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The precursor and agonists elicited head shakes, forepaw padding, splayed hindlimbs, tremor and Straub tail in the rat. However, head shakes were not observed after MeODMT and Straub tail was not observed after QPZ. Carbidopa plus 5-HTP potentiated only head shakes, while tranylcypromine (TCP) plus 5-HTP potentiated all the behaviors above. In the marmoset, the action of these drugs elicited drowsiness, teeth chattering, ataxia, vomiting and decreased motor activity, although vomiting was not elicited by MeODMT and ataxia and drowsiness by QPZ. Although TCP plus 5-HTP potentiated all these behaviors, carbidopa plus 5-HTP was not effective. Rats treated with the antagonists (1.0, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg doses) did not show any of these behaviors, but marmosets treated with the same drugs developed "drowsiness", vomiting, and decreased motor activity; nonetheless, cyproheptadine (5.0 and 10 mg/kg doses) did not elicit "drowsiness", while increasing motor activity and the number of head shakes. Pretreatment of marmosets with these antagonists blocked only teeth chattering elicited by MeODMT (4.0 mg/kg) and QPZ (10 mg/kg). Pretreatment with haloperidol, p-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methyl-P-tyrosine had no effect. The data obtained show that rats and marmosets present differential behavioral responses to the 5-HT drugs used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Rats and marmosets respond differently to serotonin agonists and antagonists. 311 2

Two incidents of toxin-type food poisoning in N.E. Scotland associated with the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua) are described. Four patients developed symptoms within 1 h of consuming whole whelks. These included visual disturbances--double vision and difficulty in focusing--tingling of the fingers, prostration and in one subject nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and ataxia. In all cases recovery was complete in 24 h. Using a newly developed analytical technique the concentration of the causative toxin, tetramine, in the salivary glands of the whelks consumed was estimated at 0.07%, equivalent to a content of 3.75 mg/100 g of the shellfish.
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PMID:Food poisoning due to the consumption of red whelks (Neptunea antiqua). 318 22

The pharmacological actions of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidineacetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate (SUN 1165), a new antiarrhythmic agent, on the central nervous system were studied in various experimental animals as compared with those of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine, and the following results were obtained. 1. Acute toxicity of SUN 1165 in mice was similar to that of mexiletine, and twice as potent as compared with that of disopyramide and lidocaine. Main acute toxic symptoms of SUN 1165 were muscle relaxation, ataxia, clonic convulsions, tremor and a decrease in spontaneous activity in mice, rats and rabbits. In addition to these symptoms, vomiting in dogs was observed. These toxic symptoms were similar to those of lidocaine. In the case of disopyramide, ataxia, tremor and a decrease in spontaneous activity were observed in mice and rats. On the other hand, mexiletine caused central nervous excitatory symptoms, that is, tremor, Straub tail, clonic convulsions, jumping, running and opisthotonus in mice and rats, and vomiting in dogs. 2. SUN 1165 even at large doses (50-100 mg/kg p.o.) exerted no significant effects on the following changes: hexobarbital-induced induced hypnosis, oxotremorine-induced tremor, apomorphine-induced hypothermia, reserpine-induced ptosis and hypothermia, 5-hydroxytryptophan syndrome and fighting behavior in mice, and conditioned avoidance response in rats. 3. An ineffective dose of SUN 1165 (12.5 mg/kg p.o.) on spontaneous locomotor activity was lower than of disopyramide and lidocaine, however, higher than that of mexiletine. 4. SUN 1165 at large doses showed antagonistic action on toxic extensor seizures induced by maximal electroshock, picrotoxin, or strychnine in mice, but anticonvulsive effects of SUN 1165 were less potent than those of mexiletine and lidocaine. SUN 1165 had no effect on clonic convulsions induced by pentetrazol and pictrotoxin in mice, while both mexiletine and lidocaine prolonged the duration of clonic convulsions. 5. The muscle relaxant effect of SUN 1165 (50%-toxic dose, TD50 = 30 mg/kg p.o.) was more marked than that of lidocaine (TD50 = 92 mg/kg p.o.) on traction test in mice. However, effect of SUN 1165 (TD50 = 62 mg/kg p.o.) on motor incoordination was similar to that of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine on the rotarod test in mice. 6. The analgesic effect of SUN 1165 was as weak as that of disopyramide, mexiletine and lidocaine on chemically and mechanically-induced pain response in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:General pharmacological studies on N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-pyrrolizidineacetamide hydrochloride hemihydrate. 1st communication: effect on the central nervous system. 319 80

Aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a very rare disease. The authors present a case of secondary aneurysm of the vein of Galen which was confirmed by characteristic clinical symptoms, brain CT and angiographic findings. The patient was a 14-year-old right handed girl with intermittent headache, nausea, vomiting, dysphasia and gait disturbance. Neurologic examination revealed dysarthria, nasal voice, blurring of both margins of optic discs, truncal ataxia and dysdiadochokinesia. Sensory function was normal but right hemiparesis was seen. Roentgenogram of the skull revealed diffuse thinning of the calvarium, widening of sella turcica and erosion of clinoid processes. Computed tomogram of the brain showed dilatation of all ventricles and round hyperdense mass behind the third ventricle in the midline. The lesion was enhanced markedly and homogeneously. Left and right internal carotid angiograms showed arteriovenousmal-formation with drainage to the aneurysm of the vein of Galen.
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PMID:A case of aneurysm of the vein of Galen. 327 Oct 52

The rehabilitative course for patients who have suffered vertebral-basilar vascular lesions is often interrupted by intermittent episodes of increasing dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and ataxia. Since CT studies of the brain do not always visualize these lesions reliably, the rehabilitation specialist has been without a diagnostic tool to distinguish between progressive and stable vertebral-basilar system infarctions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a safe, noninvasive, sensitive means of monitoring vascular lesions in the posterior fossa. The purpose of this study was to use MRI to evaluate patients with suspected vertebral-basilar vascular lesions. In three patients studied, MRI was superior to CT scan. Advantages of MRI included lack of artifact due to bone scattering from ionizing radiation, ability to image directly in the sagittal plane, visualization and localization of pathologically smaller lesions, and potential for performing serial studies without exposing patients to large doses of radiation. In each case, MRI data yielded valuable adjunctive information that aided further rehabilitation evaluation and management. We conclude that MRI may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in evaluating and managing rehabilitation patients with vascular lesions involving the vertebral-basilar system.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging for vertebral-basilar system infarction. 333 41

A 61-year-old woman is presented with a bilateral total ophthalmoplegia as an initial ocular symptom, caused by a midbrain hematoma. She complained of acute headache, nausea, vomiting and bilateral closure of her eyelids. Examination on admission showed meningeal irritation; mild consciousness disturbance; bilateral total ophthalmoplegia; left hemiparesis; ataxia in all extremities, more marked to the left. Computed tomography demonstrated a small hematoma in the midbrain tegmentum. Angiography demonstrated midbrain arteriovenous malformation, and she was treated conservatively. Abduction of both eyes and adduction of the left eye appeared on the next day of the ictus, and after that, improved gradually. Left ptosis had improved since one week after the ictus. Light reflex of the left pupil had seen 5 days after the ictus. At the same time, the left pupil revealed an oval-shape. Right internal ophthalmoplegia continued to exist. One year later, the right eye deviated externally, and the left deviated inferio-medially. Abduction of both eyes was normal. Infraduction of both eyes was seen, but limited on the left. Upgaze paresis remained unchanged, and adduction of the right eye was absent. Adduction of the left eye showed almost full recovery. There was right complete ptosis, but left ptosis became indefinite. These ocular findings indicated typical right oculomotor paresis plus superior rectus paresis of the left eye, which suggested a destructive lesion in the right oculomotor nucleus. Also, her left extremities showed a hemiparesis as a pyramidal tract sign (Weber's syndrome) and an ataxia as a cerebellar sign (Claude's syndrome).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Midbrain arteriovenous malformation causing bilateral total ophthalmoplegia as an initial ocular symptom--a case report]. 337 Jan 70

Fifty-two patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies who had not received previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy were randomized to be treated either with 24-hour infusion of weekly fluorouracil (5-FU) or the same plus N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA). Forty-seven patients were evaluable for the assessment of toxicity and antitumor activity. PALA was administered as an intravenous (IV) bolus over 15 minutes at a fixed dose, 250 mg/m2. The latter agent was administered 24 hours before the start of 5-FU infusion. 5-FU was initially administered at 750 mg/m2 and was incrementally increased to 3,400 mg/m2. In both arms of the randomized study, the courses were repeated every week. In both arms of the study, ataxia and myelosuppression were the dose-limiting toxic effects. At 5-FU dose of 3,400 mg/m2, one patient in each arm developed grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Other reversible side effects included grade 2 skin changes, nausea, and vomiting. During the administration of 2,600 mg/m2 of 5-FU over 24 hours, the steady state plasma 5-FU concentration was approximately 20 mumol/L. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for 5-FU for protracted treatment is 2,600 mg/m2 in either arm of the study. Therapeutic response was predominantly seen in the combination arm: there were two patients with complete response (CR) and 11 patients with partial response (PR) of 28 patients in the study. In the 5-FU alone arm there were four PR and 19 patients in the study.
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PMID:A randomized phase I and II study of short-term infusion of high-dose fluorouracil with or without N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid in patients with advanced pancreatic and colorectal cancers. 337 60

Disproportionate enlargement or isolation of the fourth ventricle are rare complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Obvious features such as ataxia may indicate raised intracranial pressure in the posterior fossa. The child may, however, present with less specific signs of vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy and these symptoms may be misinterpreted as secondary to dilation of the lateral ventricular system due to malfunction of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Two children with disproportionate enlargement of the fourth ventricle and two children with isolation of the fourth ventricle are described to illustrate the wide variations in clinical presentation. These rare complications can be diagnosed by real time ultrasound examination of the brain or computed tomography of the head. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child who deteriorates after lateral ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and dealt with specifically to avoid the risk of upward herniation of the enlarged fourth ventricle.
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PMID:Specific enlargement of the fourth ventricle after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus. 349 66

Four families are described with an autosomal dominant illness characterized by the childhood onset of recurrent attacks of prolonged ataxia, server vertigo, and vomiting. The attacks often begin in infancy. On the average, attacks occur monthly, and last between one hour to more than a week. Variations in severity occur within families. During an attack, consciousness is unaltered, but severe vertigo makes walking impossible and vomiting is frequent and severe. An attack is marked by horizontal and vertical jerk nystagmus, accompanied by vertigo which is sometimes worsened by position; however, there is no muscular weakness. During an attack, blood gases, ammonia, and amino acid studies are normal. Between attacks patients manifest combinations of slight horizontal or vertical jerk nystagmus or mild clumsiness. Cochlear and labyrinthine studies and neurologic investigations were noncontributory. Conventional therapies for vertigo, epilepsy, and migraine were ineffective, but acetazolamide (250-500 mg/day) stopped the attacks.
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PMID:Dominant recurrent ataxia and vertigo of childhood. 350 70


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