Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 40-year-old normotensive man suddenly developed dizziness, vomiting, hoarseness and swallowing disturbance. Neurologic examinations showed bilaterally decreased palatal elevation and gag reflex, upbeat nystagmus and gait ataxia. The diagnosis of medullary hemorrhage was first established by computed tomography (CT). Magnetic resonance imaging study further showed a hematoma in the paramedial medulla oblongata extending dorsorostrally to the pontomedullary junction. It gave the precise anatomic boundary of the intramedullary hematoma and was well correlated with the clinical findings. This patient's subsequent prognosis was good with gradual improvement of the clinical signs and symptoms. A follow-up CT scan showed resolution of the hematoma, and the prognosis was consistent with a good neurologic recovery.
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PMID:Primary medullary hemorrhage: report of a case. 135 38

Bajiaolian (Dysosma pleianthum), one species in the Mayapple family, has been widely used as a general remedy and for the treatment of snake bite, weakness, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy and tumours in China for thousands of years. However, the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine mention little about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Within 1 year, the authors saw five people who manifested nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, abnormal liver function tests, sensory ataxia, altered consciousness and persistant peripheral tingling or numbness after drinking infusions made with Bajiaolian. The herb was recommended by either traditional Chinese medical doctors or herbal pharmacies for postpartum recovery and treatment of a neck mass, hepatoma, lumbago and dysmenorrhoea. Podophyllotoxin is one of the main ingredients of the Bajiaolian root. The clinical manifestations observed in our patients were consistent with podophyllum intoxication. Podophyllotoxin intoxication usually results from the accidental ingestion or topical application of podophyllum resin. However, these cases of Bajiaolian intoxication were iatrogenic and results from 'therapeutic doses' of Bajiaolian cited in the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine.
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PMID:Podophyllotoxin intoxication: toxic effect of Bajiaolian in herbal therapeutics. 136 Nov 36

Two children with osteosarcoma are presented in whom Wernicke encephalopathy with vomiting occurred during the chemotherapy. One of the children died with symptoms of toxic cardiomyopathy. Autopsy revealed Wernicke encephalopathy. The other child had similar symptoms (ocular signs, ataxia, somnolence). Parenteral thiamine had been given and after this therapy the child recovered from the encephalopathy. The authors emphasize the importance of the recognition of this neurological disorder occurring rarely in childhood: it can be cured with parenteral thiamine. Without thiamine treatment this condition is lethal.
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PMID:[Wernicke encephalopathy in childhood osteosarcoma]. 140 86

The majority of pediatric neoplasias of the brain are midline growths in the posterior fossa. These mass lesions lead to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cause increased intracranial pressure. Affected children typically present with insidious complaints of headache and vomiting. Ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, or pyramidal tract signs may be present at the time the diagnosis is entertained. In the reports describing pathognomonic clinical features of posterior fossa tumors, an accelerated presentation with minimal prodromal events has not been emphasized. This report details the case of a child with a cerebellar medulloblastoma who presented with abrupt onset of fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status. Emergency department misdiagnosis occurred.
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PMID:Erroneous diagnosis within the cranial vault. 140 86

This study represents a secondary data analysis of two double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trials of lithium, performed to contrast side effects associated with lithium administration to those associated with placebo. The sample consisted of 91 hospitalized children, aged 5.12 to 12.92 years (mean 9.16), diagnosed as having conduct disorder characterized by severe aggressiveness and explosiveness. Daily doses of lithium ranged from 250 to 2100 mg. During the entire treatment period, more side effects were seen in the lithium group than in the placebo group, whereas during the therapeutic dose period, the difference between side effects in the two groups diminished. The most common side effects seen exclusively with lithium administration included enuresis, fatigue, and ataxia. Increased aggressiveness was observed in 4 children who received placebo. Vomiting, headache, and stomachache were the most common side effects experienced by patients in both lithium and placebo groups. However, more patients experienced these side effects in the lithium group than in the placebo group.
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PMID:Side effects associated with lithium and placebo administration in aggressive children. 148 Jul 37

Symptomatic ventricular coaptation, or the slit ventricle syndrome, is frequently described and recognized as a clinical entity in the pediatric population. It is characterized by symptoms of shunt failure (i.e., ataxia, obtundation, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, and complaints of headache) and the CT findings of ventricular coaptation (slit-like ventricles). This study of twenty-two children with this syndrome reflects the variety of possible clinical presentations, and the variety of available treatment modalities. Multiple therapeutic approaches were required in seven of the patients. This illustrates not only an evolving treatment regimen, but also that a single treatment modality is not universally effective. Six patients needed only occasional symptomatic support. Blockage and/or removal of the shunt system was the definitive therapy in six patients, pressure augmentation in nine patients, and subtemporal craniectomy in one. This article outlines the theoretical pathophysiology, and a scheme for the management of patients with this syndrome.
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PMID:Slit ventricle syndrome in children: clinical presentation and treatment. 151 32

Foscarnet (Foscavir) is an antiviral drug for intravenous (i.v.) treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunocompromised patients. The drug forms complexes with divalent metal ions such as Ca2+ and serum calcium levels may be affected during its i.v. infusion. In this study, the effect on calcium homeostasis was investigated during daily 8-hr infusions of foscarnet in dogs. After priming infusions of 40 or 80 mg/kg administered during 0.5 hr, maintenance infusion rates were 46 or 91 mg/kg/hr (total daily doses of 410 or 810 mg/kg). At the low infusion rate, foscarnet was administered for 5 consecutive days. The mean plateau serum concentration was 0.56 mmol/liter and the main clinical sign was vomiting. Total serum calcium was reduced from about 2.5 to 2.0 mmol/liter and ionized calcium from 1.3 to 0.9 mmol/liter. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in serum were elevated three to six times while calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3) levels were unaffected. At the high infusion rate, treatment was discontinued after 1-2 days of dosing due to pronounced adverse clinical signs such as extensive vomitings, apathy, ataxia, and muscle spasms. The mean serum plateau concentration of foscarnet at this dose level was 1.2 mmol/liter. Total serum calcium was reduced from 2.5 to 1.6 mmol/liter and ionized calcium from 1.3 to 0.7 mmol/liter. PTH as well as 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels in serum were elevated. Total and ionized calcium levels were normalized within 16 hr after stopping drug treatment. The results showed that foscarnet infusion affects calcium homeostasis and that calcium monitoring might be considered in the clinical use of the drug.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia induced by foscarnet (Foscavir) infusion in dogs. 153 76

We examined potential clinical and pathologic correlates of seizures among the 3,291 children in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium database. Fourteen percent had seizures prior to their hospitalization for a brain tumor. Among children who had a supratentorial tumor, seizures occurred in 22% of those less than 14 years of age. The prevalence of seizures increased to 68% of older teenagers. Among children with an infratentorial tumor, the prevalence of seizures was relatively constant at 6% over all age groups. The onset of seizures began more than one year prior to surgical tumor removal in over half of the children aged five or more with supratentorial tumors, significantly longer than for those of the same age with infratentorial tumors. Almost all children (98.9%) with an infratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than three-fourths of them had at least three. Eighty-nine percent of children with a supratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than one-half had at least three symptoms. Regardless of whether the tumor was above or below the tentorium, confusion or stupor and coma were more common in children with seizures than in children without seizures. Among children with supratentorial tumors, symptoms of a declining academic performance or an abnormality of personality, speech, walking, or sensation were significantly more frequent in children with seizures, while visual symptoms (other than visual loss or diplopia) and nausea or vomiting were less frequent. Among children with supratentorial tumors, those who had seizures were more likely to have paralysis of an arm, hand, or face, confusion or stupor, or coma and less likely to exhibit irritability, papilledema, optic atrophy, decreased visual acuity, pupillary abnormalities, or abducens paresis. Among children with infratentorial tumors, those with seizures were significantly less likely to have truncal ataxia, but more likely to experience confusion, stupor, or coma. In the supratentorial compartment, astrocytoma (nos), protoplasmic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and ependymoma were more frequently associated with seizures than was craniopharyngioma. No infratentorial tumor type was more or less likely to be associated with seizures. All common tumor types that were represented in both the supratentorial and the infratentorial compartment except astrocytoma (nos) were associated with significantly greater rates of seizures when located in the supratentorial compartment. The tumor location with the highest incidence of seizures was, as expected, the superficial cerebrum. More than 40% of the children with such tumors had seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of seizures in children with brain tumors. The Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. 154 79

The term "papilledema" describes optic disc swelling resulting from increased intracranial pressure. A complete history and direct funduscopic examination of the optic nerve head and adjacent vessels are necessary to differentiate papilledema from optic disc swelling due to other conditions. Signs of optic disc swelling include elevation and blurring of the disc and its margins, venous congestion, and retinal hard exudates, splinter hemorrhages and infarcts. Patients with papilledema usually present with signs or symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, ataxia or altered consciousness. Causes of papilledema include intracranial tumors, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and intracranial inflammation. Optic disc edema may also occur from many conditions other than papilledema, including central retinal artery or vein occlusion, congenital structural anomalies and optic neuritis.
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PMID:Papilledema: clinical clues and differential diagnosis. 154 98

Extracranial metastasis of primary central nervous system neoplasms is uncommon and has not been described in the dog. We report the clincopathologic features of intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs (case No. 1: 13-year-old castrated male Boxer dog; case No. 2: 14-year-old spayed female Dachshund; case No. 3: 6-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog). Case No. 1 presented with ataxia, lethargy, vomiting, and leaning and falling to the right, and had a transient remission following radiation and corticosteroid therapy; case No. 2 had a history of seizures that were unresponsive to primidone, left-sided postural reaction deficits, ataxia, and circling to the right; case No. 3 had only intermittent episodes of vomiting Computed tomography of case Nos. 1 and 2 revealed peripherally located homogeneous contrast-enhancing intracranial masses. Postmortem examination revealed intracranial masses with single or multiple pulmonary nodules in all three cases. Histologically, the intracranial and pulmonary masses were meningotheliomatous meningiomas with atypical features including brain infiltration, necrosis, nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli, and moderate cell density. All of the primary meningiomas had low mitotic rates. The current interest in early diagnosis and aggressive clinical/surgical management of canine patients with meningioma and other primary central nervous system neoplasms will likely result in an increased detection of extracranial metastases.
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PMID:Intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs. 162 30


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