Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Total starvation is effective for acute weight reduction in obesity. However, in 200 patients, most of whom also had internal diseases, 8% exhibited sometimes severe complications, i.e. reversible cerebral ischemia in 3 hypertensive patients when the blood pressure was lowered to the normal range by natriuresis of fasting; breakdown of water and electrolyte homeostasis with circulatory collapse, vomiting and vertigo; acute crises of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and porphyria respectively and increase of transaminases up to 200 mu/ml, or cardiac arrhythmias. Relative (?) contraindications for total fasting appear to be clinical sings of arteriosclerosis such as vascular bruits, angina pectoris and intermittent claudication. In case of doubt, the method should only be used in hospital.
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PMID:[Complications in null-diet]. 91 86

Besides the vascular changes caused by arteriosclerosis the compression stenosis is the most frequent form of the isolated restriction of the arteria coeliaca. The compression of the arteria coeliaca, caused by the ligamentum arcuatum medianum or a fribromatous ganglion tissue, can cause complaints similar to the symptoms of angina abdominalis: pains in the epigastrium, postprandial pains, loss of weight, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, 93% of the patients with severe vascular compression have an abdominal vascular murmur. Of 31 patients with angiographically proved compression stenosis, 11 patients suffering from occlusion or intense stenosis had to be operated because of heavy complaints. The angiographic and intraoperative findings allow the conclusion that there is a connection between the extent of the stenosis and the clinical appearance. The decompression of the arteria coeliaca, in other words the detachment of the compressing tissue leads to total complaintlessness in 83% of the patients. If the arteria coeliaca is hypoplastic a vessel widening or a bypass operation is necessary to establish normal blood circulation in the epigastric organs.
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PMID:[Compression of the celiac trunk (author's transl)]. 97 81

Ginseng-Rhizome is the Rhizome of Panax ginseng and popularly named "Shenlu". The treatment group treated with the sugar-coated tablets of Ginseng-Rhizome saponin (GRS) orally for two months, one tablet (50 mg per tablet), three times a day. Through the clinical observations of 358 cases of middle and old age persons (age from 50 to 85 years old). The results showed that GRS possessed antisenility effect and marked effect on relieving the symptoms of aging, adjusting organic metabolism and improving physiological function, etc., such as promoting memory, raising the amount of white cells and improving organic immunity function. GRS both improved the function of hypophysisgonad axis and the function of adrenal cortex. It had marked efficacy in the treatment of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris and had better effect on treating concomitant atrial and ventricular prematures. The control group (123 cases, age from 50 to 85 years old) was given sugar-coated tablets of placebo (starch) for two months and then compared themselves with before. There were both no difference in clinical symptoms and experimental tests. After two years experimental researches and clinical observations, it showed that GRS tablet and Shenlu tablet both have no side effect of vomiting and also no toxic effect when they were taken for a long-term.
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PMID:[Antisenility effect of ginseng-rhizome saponin]. 226 15

A clinical study was carried out in 20 patients in coronary angiography to compare two low-osmolar contrast media, sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and iopromide. Ten patients presented a stage III coronary disease and the other ten had a stage IV coronary disease. In the latter group, 70% of the patients received sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and 30% were given iopromide. None of the patients given iopromide had a previous history of allergic-like reactions to contrast media as opposed to the sodium-meglumine ioxaglate group where two patients had a previous hypersensitivity reaction to contrast agents. In spite of these adverse conditions in the sodium-meglumine ioxaglate group, no significant difference was found between both preparations as to overall tolerability. The following side effects were observed: slight nausea and wheezing in a patient given sodium-meglumine ioxaglate; medium intense nausea, vomiting and headache in a patient administered iopromide; one case of angina pectoris occurring 8 minutes post-injection of iopromide. Similarly, no significant difference in overall cardiac tolerability could be found between the two contrast media, although sodium-meglumine ioxaglate would tend to be better tolerated in terms of heart rate and contractility. Radiographic efficacy was considered to be equivalent for both contrast agents though the test solutions had different iodine concentrations. In summary, the two low osmolar contrast media proved well tolerated and showed satisfactory diagnostic efficacy in this population at high cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Comparison of sodium-meglumine ioxaglate and iopromide in coronary angiography. 266 84

It is generally agreed that bicarbonate dialysate is preferable to acetate dialysate, but the major limiting factors of high cost and technical difficulty in maintaining its stability for prolonged periods preclude its widespread use. The procedure developed by the authors stabilizes bicarbonate dialysate for up to 4 days, rendering bicarbonate dialysate feasible for routine out-patient use. HCO3 dialysate is produced in our dialysis unit after an initial investment of $10,000.00, at a cost per 4-h treatment of $1.22 at a dialysate flow of 500 cc/min. One hundred fifty-one chronic dialysis patients participated in an 18-week study to evaluate clinical symptomatology when bicarbonate was substituted for acetate as the dialysis base buffer. Evaluation of each dialysis treatment (total of 8,183 treatments) consisted of both subjective and objective criteria (vomiting, angina, cramps, hypotension, and frequency of use of mannitol, hypertonic saline, and nitroglycerine). The patients were unaware of the change in dialysate solutions. There was a significant reduction (p less than 0.001) in the incidence of vomiting, cramps, hypotension, nausea, flushing, and the use of mannitol and hypertonic saline during bicarbonate dialysate treatment compared with acetate dialysate. Shortness of breath, angina, mental confusion, and paresthesias were not statistically changed. Although the method of HCO3 dialysate production is associated with occasional higher bacterial count than currently recommended by AAMI standards, no adverse reactions were observed in patients treated with standard efficiency dialyzers. It is concluded that the process for incenter HCO3 production is safe, economical, and better tolerated than acetate dialysate.
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PMID:An economical new process for incenter bicarbonate dialysate production: comparison with acetate in a large dialysis population. 280 52

Forty-seven patients with chronic stable angina pectoris entered a thirteen-week open-label study with a transdermal therapeutic system of nitroglycerin in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy, safety, and patient acceptance. In 19 patients, a beta-blocker and in 17 patients a calcium-channel blocker were continued throughout the study period without alteration of their doses. The study consisted of a two-week run-in period and an eleven-week active drug period. Acute titration was done with nitroglycerin patches on the basis of weekly patient diaries on frequency of angina and sublingual nitroglycerin consumption. Overall, reductions in frequency of angina and in nitroglycerin consumption were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Adverse reactions were common but tolerable. The reported side effects were headache in 32, skin rash in 18, dizziness in 10, palpitation and itching in 9 each, nausea in 7, flushing in 3, and vomiting in 1 patient. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that individual dose titration with nitroglycerin patches for obtaining significant antianginal effect is essential. The present therapeutic system is convenient to use and well tolerated and had acceptable side effects in our study population.
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PMID:Clinical experience with a transdermal nitroglycerin system. 310 41

The authors present a retrospective study of 46 consecutive patients aged from 70 to 79 years (mean 73.3 +/- 2.5 years) with suspected coronary artery disease who, being unfit for exercise tests, were explored by myocardial scintigraphy with thallium 201 after coronary dilatation with intravenous dipyridamole. The examination was well tolerated by 30 patients. Such classical side-effects as chest pain, malaise, dizziness, headache, flushing, vomiting and transient arrhythmia or repolarization disorders were recorded, but they were not more frequent than in younger subjects. However, the occurrence of severe hypotensive malaise relieved by theophylline in two cases and of angina in about one third of patients with myocardial ischaemia means that the procedure must be performed under close supervision. A fall in blood pressure (-11 mmHg on average) and a rise in heart rate (+8 beats/min on average) were usual. Post-scintigraphy follow-up of patients over a mean period of 11.1 +/- 6.2 months showed that a reversible defect of thallium 201 uptake, due to redistribution, is a highly selective indicator of patients who are particularly exposed to a cardiac accident in the short--or mid-term. Only one out of 26 patients without reversible ischaemia (4 p. 100) subsequently presented with a major coronary event (unstable angina). In contrast, in the group of 20 patients with reversible ischaemia three required early myocardial revascularization; furthermore, five serious accidents (29 p. 100) occurred among the 17 patients who were left under medical treatment, including two sudden deaths, two cases of unstable angina and one case of myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tolerance and prognostic value of Thallium 201 myocardial tomoscintigraphy with dipyridamole in the aged subject]. 314 28

Encouraging results of the combination of upper hemibody irradiation (UHBI) and local chest irradiation (LCI) combined withh standard-dose chemotherapy in patients with extensive small cell bronchogenic carcinoma led us to a second pilot study utilizing the same radiation program combined wit high-dose induction chemotherapy. Fourteen patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, five with extensive disease and nine with localized disease, were treated with cyclophosphamide (1.5 g/m2 iv, Days 1 and 22), lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally, Day 1), and methotrexate (15 mg/m2 twice weekly during Weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6). UHBI (600 rads) was given during Week 6 in a single dose and LCI was given during Week 7 (2000 rads/five fractions) to the tumor and mediastinum. Maintenance chemotherapy began in Week 12 with cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks) and lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally every 6 weeks). Twelve patients were evaluable for response and toxicity (eight with limited disease). There were three complete response and seven partial responses after induction chemotherapy. After completion of the consolidation radiation therapy, all 12 patients had a response: six complete responses and six partial responses. Acute toxic effects included nausea and vomiting in eight patients, fever in five, and hypotension and angina in one. Subacute toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, and dehydration in two patients who required hospitalization, prolonged aplasia in one, reversible radiation esophagitis in three. Three patients had radiation pneumonitis including one with bilateral diffuse disease that led to death from respiratory failure. Only two of 12 patients received their maintenance therapy on schedule. Treatment failures occurred within the LCI field in seven patients and in distant metastatic sites in six. The median time to first relapse was 7 months and the median survival was 9 months. Because of toxicity, treatment delays, and poor survival in this group of patients, we cannot recommend this combined modality approach.
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PMID:Upper hemibody and local chest irradiation as consolidation following response to high-dose induction chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma--a pilot study. 628 19

Iloprost is a synthetic stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2), which shares its antiaggregating and vasodilating properties. Iloprost has been administered by i.v. route to patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI) of different origin (maximal dosage: 2 ng/kg/min 6 hours/day infusion for 14-28 days). In patients with claudicatio intermittens (Fontaine stage II) iloprost improved the time to claudication and the maximal walking distance on treadmill, with an effect still lasting 60 days after suspension. This benefit was not related to a significant improvement in blood flow. Five multicentric, perspective, randomized versus placebo studies in patients with more severe CLI (Fontaine stage III-IV) susceptible to surgical treatment, showed that iloprost was able to reduce pain and ulcer dimensions. Furthermore, tha amputation rate of the ischemic limb was significantly lower in patients treated with iloprost during a 6 month follow-up (p < 0.01). Iloprost was also more effective than aspirin in causing pain relief and ulcer healing in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and more effective than nifedipine in reducing frequency, intensity and duration of ischemic episodes in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Minor side effects of iloprost administration are represented by facial flushing, tachycardia, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhoea, whose frequency ranges from 16% to 70%; major collateral effects, occurring in less than 5% of patients, are above all represented by severe hypotension and angina pectoris. Clinical data indicate therefore that iloprost treatment can allow to improve the clinical conditions and the prognosis in patients with critical ischemia of the limbs, not candidate to surgical revascularization, by causing a relief of pain, a reduction in ulcer dimensions and deferring amputation.
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PMID:[The role of iloprost in the treatment of critical ischemia of the limbs]. 750 14

Sumatriptan is a potent and selective agonist at a vascular serotonin1 (5-hydroxytryptamine1; 5-HT1) receptor subtype (similar to 5-HT1D) and is used in acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. Following administration of sumatriptan 100mg orally, relief of migraine headache (at 2 hours) was achieved in 50 to 67% of patients compared with 10 to 31% with placebo in controlled clinical trials. In a comparative study, oral administration of sumatriptan 100mg consistently achieved significantly greater response rates than a fixed combination of ergotamine 2mg plus caffeine 200mg during 3 consecutive migraine attacks (66 vs 48% for first attack). Oral sumatriptan 100mg was also more effective than aspirin 900mg plus metoclopramide 10mg orally in a similar study. In the majority of controlled clinical trials, headache relief (at 1 hour after administration) was achieved in 70 to 80% of patients with migraine receiving sumatriptan 6mg subcutaneously compared with 18 to 26% of placebo recipients. Approximately 40% of patients who initially responded to oral or subcutaneous sumatriptan experienced recurrence of their headache, usually within 24 hours, but the majority of these patients responded well to a further dose of sumatriptan. Patients with cluster headache were treated for acute attacks with sumatriptan 6mg subcutaneously or placebo in 2 crossover trials. Headache relief was achieved within 15 minutes in 74 and 75% of patients receiving sumatriptan in these studies compared with 26 and 35%, respectively, with placebo. Patients receiving sumatriptan 12mg had a similar response rate as those receiving 6mg, but the higher dose was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events. Based on extensive safety data pooled from controlled clinical trials, sumatriptan is generally well tolerated and most adverse events are transient. The most frequently reported adverse events following oral administration include nausea, vomiting, malaise, fatigue and dizziness. Injection site reactions (minor pain and redness of brief duration) occur in approximately 40% of patients receiving subcutaneous sumatriptan, although the incidence appears to be markedly reduced when patients self-administer the drug with an auto-injector. Chest symptoms (mainly tightness and pressure) occur in 3 to 5% of sumatriptan recipients, but have not been associated with myocardial ischaemia except in a few isolated cases. Sumatriptan is contraindicated in patients with ischaemic heart disease, angina pectoris including Prinzmetal (variant) angina, previous myocardial infarction and uncontrolled hypertension, but is not contraindicated in patients with migraine and asthma. Data from long term studies in acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache suggest that sumatriptan remains effective and well tolerated over several months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sumatriptan. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache. 751 61


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