Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On Feb. 3, 1975, 196 (57%) of 344 passengers and 1 steward aboard a commercial aircraft contracted a gastrointestinal illness characterised by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea; 142 passengers and the steward were admitted to hospital. Symptoms developed shortly after a ham and omelette breakfast had been served. An investigation strongly incriminated ham as the vehicle of the outbreak, and the source seems to have been a cook with lesions on his fingers. The attack-rate was 86% for passengers who ate the ham handled by this cook and 0% for passengers who ate ham handled exclusively by another food preparer. Before being served, the ham and omelette had been held at room temperature for 14 h and at 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) for 14 1/2 h Specimens of stool and vomitus from ill passengers, left-over food, and the finger lesions of the cook were positive for Staphylococcus aureus of identical phage types and antibiotic sensitivities. Preformed enterotoxin was detected in the left-over ham and omelette. This outbreak re-emphasises that people with infected lesion should not handle food and that foods must be stored at temperatures low enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria. To ensure against a common foodborne illness incapacitating the entire flight crew, cockpit crew members should eat different meals prepared by different cooks.
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PMID:Staphylococcal food poisoning aboard a commercial aircraft. 5 19

An outbreak of diarrhea involving 28 patients occurred in two wards of a chronic disease hospital. The illness was characterized by abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea without vomiting or fever. An epidemiologic investigation suggested food-borne intoxication and incriminated turkey loaf served at the preceding evening meal as the source of the outbreak. Bacillus cereus was isolated both from the stool of all 14 symptomatic patients who were cultured and from turkey loaf. No other enteropathogens were found. The isolate of B. cereus was shown to elaborate an enterotoxin that caused fluid secretion in assays in the rabbit ileal loop and suckling mice and that also caused a positive response in the Y-1 adrenal cell assay. B. cereus is an enteropathogen that should be sought in outbreaks of food-related gastroenteritis. This organism affects the gastrointestinal tract probably by the elaboration of enterotoxins.
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PMID:A hospital food-borne outbreak of diarrhea caused by Bacillus cereus: clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic studies. 10 49

To determine the role of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) as a virulence factor in human diarrhea, a strain that elaborates only ST (E. coli 214-4) was fed to free-living volunteers in doses of 10(6), 10(8), and 10(10) organisms. Short-lived (1 day) mild illness consisting of abdominal cramps with vomiting or diarrhea occurred in three of five individuals fed 10(8). Typical travelers' diarrhea (loose stools, abdominal cramps, and low-grade fever for 2 to 3 days) was seen in four of five volunteers given 10(10); two had brief cholera-like purging of rice-water stools. Despite fever, there was no evidence of mucosal invasion. E. coli 214-4 became the predominant coliform in stools; coproculture isolates were uniformly negative for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), whereas most produced ST. Ten of 13 individuals developed rises in antibody to somatic E. coli antigen, and none had rises in LT antitoxin. E. coli that elaborate only ST can cause diarrheal disease in adults.
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PMID:Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli that produce only heat-stable enterotoxin. 32 97

The results of 98 therapeutic abortions in the first and second trimester of pregnancy using F prostaglandins are reported. The prostaglandins were eigher administered by fractionated extra-aminotic PGF2 alpha, intramuscular 15-methyl PGF2 alpha or extra-amniotic or intracervical single shot 15-methyl PGF2 alpha. The induction abortion time of 13 hours and 15minutes for the single shot and 14 hours and 28 minutes for the intramuscular administratic with the prostaglandin derivatives is shorter than with natural prostaglandins which showed a mean induction to abortion time of 19 hours and 30 minutes. The blood loss was low in all groups at approximately 75 mls. Side effects are least with the single shot method (11%). Two patients had nausea, two patients had vomiting, three patients had flush or lower abdominal cramps. The intramuscular administration showed the highest frequency of side effects (80%). In the first trimester the single shot method always leads to sufficient cervical dilatation although the abortion rate was low at 59%. During the second trimester a high abortion rate is found. Therefore this method can be recommended for therapeutic abortions.
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PMID:[New considerations in therapeutic abortions using a second generation prostaglandins (author's transl)]. 47 57

A case report of subacute, reversible ischemic colitis associated with use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is reported. A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding of 2 days' duration. Past medical history and family history were noncontributory. The patient was receiving no medication other than Norinyl 2 (2 mg of norethindrone and .1 mg of mestranol), which she had been taking for 6 months. 2 days before admission the patient had taken 100 mg of dimenhydrinate and 2 ExLax tablets (90 mg of phenolphthalein) for constipation. Colonic roentgenograms revealed impaired mesenteric circulation and bowel ischemia; OC-induced ischemic bowel disease was diagnosed. Patient symptoms subsided within 96 hours of discontinuing the OC and initiating supportive therapy (including intravenous fluid infusion, nasogastric suction, analgesics, and antiemetics). When a repeat barium enema was performed, it showed resolution of the ischemia. In a short review following the case report, these drugs were indicted in causation of colitis-like syndrome: amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephazolin, chloramphenicol, chlorpropamide, clindamycin, cloxacillin, cotrimoxasole, cyclophosphamide, digitalis, ergotamine tartrate, flucytosine, fluorouracil, gold salts, laxative and cathartic abuse, mercurous chloride, methyldopa, penicillin V, and tetracycline. Ischemic bowel disease secondary to OC use is a rare but important complication because of its significant morbidity and potential mortality, and because of the widespread use of the drugs. The case report emphasizes the need to consider the differential diagnosis of acute vascular insult with bowel ischemia when acute abdominal pain progressing to bloody diarrhea occurs in young women taking OCs.
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PMID:Oral contraceptive-induced ischemic bowel disease. 48 72

Water hemlock is a ubiquitous plant that can be mistaken for a turnip as in the case reported. Oral ingestion causes an explosive illness consisting of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and grand mal seizures that can progress to cyanosis and death. In the reported case a 30-year old man was found semi-comatose some 75 minutes after ingesting a "turnip". The history revealed profuse emesis shortly after eating lunch that changed from bile to frank blood. There was a mean orthostatic blood pressure change of 30 torr, with an increase in the heart rate of 10%. Neurologic examination revealed a lethargic patient. Following administration of 4 liters of Ringer's lactate the patient's blood pressure stabilized and with continued isotonic fluid maintenance he improved rapidly. This case indicates that appropriate management should be directed toward protecting the patient's airway from gastric aspiration, restoring the intravascular and extracellular volume deficit, and controlling cerebral edema.
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PMID:A case of water hemlock poisoning. 49 28

Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enteritis is an endemic disease in our region, extraintestinal manifestations however are rare. We report a 8 years old girl who presented after 4 days of an unspecific diarrheal disease with watery liquid stools, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever above 39 Grad C and symptoms and signs of an acute abdominal emergency. Mid abdominal laparotomy disclosed a cholecystitis with reactive peritonitis. Cultures of bile showed Salmonella group B as the causative organism. Cholecystectomy was performed, postoperatively Gentamycin later Chloramphenicol was administered. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Cholecystitis is a rare disease in pediatrics. Gallstones don't seem to play a roll in the etiology unlike in adults. It usually follow serious systemic infections or postoperatively after unrelated abdominal surgery due to overgrowth of the biliary system and organisms contaminating the upper gastrointestinal tract (biliary stasis, dehydration). Salmonella enteritidis as a cause of a cholecystitis is a rare event.
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PMID:[Salmonella-cholecystitis (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 33

The first pregnancy of a 22-year-old woman with somewhat more pronounced and prolonged symptoms of emersis gravidarum was followed up in the outpatient unit and was considered normal. The woman was admitted to the maternity ward 38 days before the term of labour because of painful abdominal cramps, vomiting and weakness. In the course of the first 17 days in hospital, the pregnancy was maintained by the use of spasmolytics but at that time it became clear on the basis of the symptoms, gynecological findings, and the gravidogram, that the case related to abdominal pregnancy. On the 18th day of hospitalization, laparotomy ws performed and a live, female, prematurely born baby, 2,450 g/45 cm, without any deformity, was delivered. The pregnancy was abdominal, with the nidation of the placenta at the right uterine horn. The placenta was completely removed. The girl is now 6 years old and her psychophysical development is normal, corresponding to her age.
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PMID:[A successfully completed abdominal pregnancy]. 55 23

In March 1974 eight men in Chandpur, Bangladesh, experienced an illness characterized by severe abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhea with onset 20 min to 9 h (median 2.5 h) after eating one of two fish dishes at a restaurant. Rectal cultures from all eight grew Kanagawa-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (serotype O3K5) that were negative in the Sereny test for invasiveness and the Y-1 adrenal cell and infant mouse assays for enterotoxin production. The short incubation, severity of abdominal cramps and grossly bloody stools distinguish this illness from that usually associated with V. parahaemolyticus infection in the United States.
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PMID:Vibrio parahaemolyticus enterocolitis in Bangladesh: report of an outbreak. 62 66

A case of gold-induced enterocolitis and a review of the literature are reported. Gold-induced enterocolitis appears to be an uncommon reaction, occurring in middle-aged females who have received low doses of gold preparations. Symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea with or without blood. The whole of the gastrointestinal tract may be involved and fatal cases occur. The diagnosis of a primary enteropathic arthropathy may be suggested. Cessation of gold, glucocorticoids and supportive therapy are indicated. The mechanism of the reaction is still unknown.
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PMID:Gold-induced enterocolitis. Case report and literature review. 81 78


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