Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxicity of intravenously administered Corynebacterium parvum was observed in 14 patients with stage II melanoma and in 14 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Those with melanoma were rendered disease-free by surgery prior to treatment. The ovarian cancer patients had failed chemotherapy with alkylating agents and were receiving C. parvum prior to chemotherapy as part of an immunochemotherapy trial. Both clinical and laboratory parameters were observed. The mean daily C. parvum dose for melanoma patients was 2.03 mg/m2 and for ovarian carcinoma patients 2.02 mg/m2. The most important clinical toxic effects noted were fever, chills, blood pressure changes, headache, nausea, vomiting and diaphoresis. Laboratory toxicity was mild, with small decreases in hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts and uric acid and albumin concentrations occurring in some patients. Serum bilirubin and SGOT levels tended to rise. In addition to determining the frequency of clinical toxic effects by treatment course, consideration was also given to frequency per treatment day, correlation of the occurrence of different toxicities in the same patient, time of onset of each toxicity and, for vital signs, to intensity of change and duration. In this analysis no major differences in toxicity were observed when C. parvum was given to the two patient groups.
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PMID:Corynebacterium parvum toxicity in patients with limited and advanced malignancy. 653 97

Subacute toxicity and its recovery of bestatin (NK421) was studied on both sexes of 34 Beagle dogs. At dose levels of 600, 240, 96 and 38.4 mg/kg, NK421 was administered orally to dogs for 90 successive days. The control group was treated orally with 2 g/dog of corn starch. Each group was constituted of 3 males and 3 females, and 2 males and 2 females were added to the 240 mg/kg group for the recovery test for 35 days. As general symptoms, loss of appetite, vomiting, abnormal feces (loose stool, diarrhea, mucous stool), eye mucus, decoloration of the visible mucous membrance and unkempt fur were observed slightly and almost dose-dependently in the group dosed with more than 96 mg/kg. Body weight decreased with the passage of time in the 600 and 240 mg/kg groups, but no death appeared in any group. In correlation with general signs, slight anemia was seen hematologically, and the increased alkaline phosphatase activity and the decreased albumin ratio in serum protein fraction were observed biochemically. The slight abnormal findings of bone marrow, spleen and liver were also demonstrated histopathologically. All the above findings disappeared during the recovery period. The maximum non-toxic dose of NK421 in this study is estimated to be 38.4 mg/kg in dogs.
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PMID:Toxicological studies on bestatin. II. Subacute toxicity test and recovery study in beagle dogs. 667 29

This is a retrospective review of 233 patients who had surgical exploration for proven or suspected malignant lesions of the exocrine pancreas and periampullary structures. There were 24 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla or duodenum, 12 with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 197 with lesions of the pancreas. Among the latter group, 128 patients had carcinoma diagnosed at initial operation (31 by duodenopancreatectomy, 33 by liver, and 64 by other biopsies), and 69 patients had suspected carcinoma of the pancreas without histological proof. History of jaundice, pruritus, nausea/vomiting, total weight loss, duration of pain, and values of blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin were significantly different among the various groups. Patients who had resection of carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the best 5-year survival rate (39 +/- 12%). Among patients with resectable or nonresectable carcinoma of the pancreas, some of the symptoms and laboratory tests studied had prognostic significance.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. 669 85

The toxic shock syndrome in a 14-year old girl is described. This syndrome occurs most frequently - but not exclusively - in the teens and young women during the first days of menstruation, if tampons are used. The patients are acutely ill with high fever, diarrhea and/or vomiting, with a rash, with loss of consciousness, and signs of shock (occasionally shock lung syndrome and renal insufficiency). During convalescence desquamation of hands and feet shows up. Patients with much less severe symptoms have been seen. The primary lesion is a local infection (e.g. vaginitis) with staphylococcus aureus, the symptoms being caused by staphylococcal toxins. Early recognition and immediate therapy are important for a better prognosis. The therapy consists of removal of the tampon, i.v. fluids including albumin, and the administration of a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic.
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PMID:[Toxic shock syndrome in a 14-year-old girl]. 672 95

21 patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery received daily 6-8 packets of the instant formula diet Fresubin (2,100-2,800 kcal = 8,790-11,720 J). In 1 patient nutrition with Fresubin had to be interrupted due to vomiting. Under nutrition with Fresubin, mean body weight decreased significantly by about 3.5 kg. Serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH, base excess, serum-urea-nitrogen and creatinine, albumin content, serum transaminases, glucose content, hemoglobin and hematocrit did not show any significant change. It was evident that the sodium and potassium content of Fresubin was not high enough to guarantee normal serum values. In 8 of 21 patients potassium had to be substituted parenterally. Concentrations of lipids and triglycerids increased during nutrition with Fresubin and became elevated over normal values without statistic significance.
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PMID:[The instant formulated parenteral solution Fresubin in the postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery]. 677 53

In a double blind study, 40 infants with cows' milk intolerance of various causes were randomised to receive a nutritionally complete formula in which nitrogen was supplied either as whey hydrolysate or amino acids. The median age of infants was 10 weeks (range 36 weeks' gestation to 108 weeks' postnatal age). After a median follow up period of 25 weeks there was no significant difference in dietary intake between the formulas. Twenty four weeks after entry, weight and weight for length improved equally on both formulas. Plasma albumin improved significantly on the hydrolysed whey formula but not in the amino acid group. Both milks were palatable and normal intakes of formula were maintained. Biochemical and haematological indices remained within normal limits. There was no difference in stool frequency and vomiting between the two formulas. Two infants developed a probable allergic colitis while receiving hydrolysed whey. Amino acid formula may have a role in the management of atopic infants with severe cows' milk intolerance who have already reacted to whey or casein hydrolysate formula.
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PMID:Comparison of an elemental with a hydrolysed whey formula in intolerance to cows' milk. 749 57

The hypothesis that diuretic use and abuse and other purging behaviours cause idiopathic oedema was investigated in 102 patients. Of 91 symptomatic idiopathic oedema patients tested at referral, 16 (17.6%) had diuretic and four (4.4%) laxative in their urine. None had grossly disturbed serum urea and electrolytes. Examination of primary care records from 41 idiopathic oedema patients who denied current diuretic consumption, and denied or were uncertain about past consumption, showed that 20 had not been prescribed diuretics by their general practitioners at any time; a further 18 had not been prescribed diuretics for between seven months and 12 years before referral. The absence of evidence of plasma volume depletion (as judged by similar concentrations of mean serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin in patient and age-matched control groups) suggests that neither systematic diuretic and laxative use or abuse, nor episodic overeating and vomiting were responsible for symptoms of idiopathic oedema in our patients. Idiopathic oedema has a strong genetic basis, and correction of major and minor risk factors for this condition leads to substantial amelioration of symptoms in most cases.
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PMID:The role of diuretics in the aetiology of idiopathic oedema. 789 88

We report a case of Listeria meningitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The case is a 29-year-old female who was diagnosed as SLE on August, 1982, and had been followed since then. On May 25, 1993, she was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, head ache and vomiting which developed 3 days before admission. An examination of the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) revealed a cell count of (3664/3/mm3), protein concentration (123 mg/dl), and the quotient of CSF (Q albumin) (27.5) were elevated. A diagnosis of meningitis was made and therapy of antibiotics was begun. A CSF culture on admission was positive for Listeria monocytogenes, but the blood culture was negative. Clinical symptoms disappeared in about a week and abnormal CSF findings returned to normal in about a month with the administration of antibiotics. Listeria infection is a rare disease, but sometimes develops as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. As far as we know, only 13 cases have been reported so far (9 cases in foreign countries, 4 cases in Japan). We also discuss Listeria infections associsted with SLE referring to the former reports.
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PMID:[A case of Listeria meningitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 817 84

CI-986 (5-[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)- thione-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium salt) is a novel anti-inflammatory compound classified as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase. Studies were undertaken to characterize the preclinical toxicology of the compound. CI-986 was administered to rats for 2 weeks (0, 50, 250, 750, and 1500 mg/kg) or 13 weeks (0, 20, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg), dogs for 2 weeks (0, 50, 150, and 500 mg/kg) or 13 weeks (0, 20, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and to monkeys for 2 weeks (0, 50, 250, and 1000 mg/kg). No drug-related deaths resulted. Mild clinical signs of toxicity were noted in rats given doses of 250 mg/kg and above. Drug-related emesis and diarrhea were absent at the low dose in the dog and monkey but increased in incidence and severity at higher doses. Severe clinical signs in monkeys (emesis and diarrhea) necessitated the lowering of the top dose to 500 mg/kg/day (administered b.i.d.) during the second week of the monkey study. Slight decreases (< 23%) in serum protein and/or albumin were noted in all studies at the higher doses. A dose-related increase in alkaline phosphatase was noted in both dog studies, with no other drug-related effect on clinical pathology parameters. A gastric ulcer occurred in one rat administered 500 mg/kg CI-986 for 13 weeks. Gastrointestinal ulcers were not noted at any other dose in rats or at any dose in dogs or monkeys. A dose-related eosinophilia of glandular stomach submucosa was noted in rats after 2 and 13 weeks of drug administration but not in dogs or monkeys. In the 2-week rat study, mean combined sex plasma drug concentrations monitored 2 hr after dose on Day 14 were 0.59, 1.10, 2.64, and 3.43 micrograms/ml for the 50, 250, 750, and 1,500 mg/kg dose groups, respectively. In the 2-week dog studies, maximum plasma drug concentrations on Day 10 or Day 11 were achieved within 2 hr of dose with mean combined sex Cmax values of 0.73, 2.05, and 2.62 micrograms/ml for the 50, 250, and 750 mg/kg groups, respectively. Hepatic microsomal induction characterized by increased microsomal protein, increased microsomal cytochrome P450 content, and increased p-nitroanisole O-demethylation activity was noted in dogs and monkeys but not rats. CI-986 was well tolerated in rats and dogs at the doses employed and in monkeys at doses up to 500 mg/kg (b.i.d.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subacute and subchronic toxicology studies of CI-986, a novel anti-inflammatory compound. 831 60

Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals are comparatively few in number. Various estimates quote an incident rate of 1 to 6 reactions per 100,000 injections. Other figures quoted are 1 in 800 for the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical methylene diphosphonate, and 1 in 400 for the lung visualisation agent macroaggregated albumin. The very low numbers of reported adverse effects probably reflect the tiny amounts of material which are used in the formulation of radiopharmaceuticals. Adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals are usually mild and transient and require little or no medical treatment. A few reactions involve respiratory or circulatory collapse or loss of consciousness. Several fatalities have been reported with the liver scanning agent 99mTc (technetium 99m)-albumin colloid. Clinical manifestations may be categorised under the headings of vasomotor effects i.e. faintness, pallor, diaphoresis or hypotension, and anaphylactoid effects such as nausea, dermographism, wheezing, bronchospasm, erythema and pruritus. The most prominent group of radiopharmaceuticals that have been reported to produce adverse events are the diphosphonates, which are used for scanning the skeleton. Typical diphosphonate reactions include erythema (especially over the extremities), nausea, vomiting and malaise. The onset of reaction is usually 2 to 3 hours after injection. The second group of radiopharmaceuticals which give rise to adverse events are the colloids, which are used for liver and spleen scintigraphy. Typical colloid reactions include pallor, nausea, flush and pulse changes. Adverse events may also occur as a result of the patient's medication interfering with the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. Although not usually hazardous or dangerous, such events may be so pronounced that a marked deviation in the expected pharmacokinetics may occur. Drug interactions can be conveniently categorised under the headings of unusual handling of the radiopharmaceutical because of pharmacological action, genuine in vivo interaction between the medication and radiopharmaceutical, drug-induced disease and interaction between the radiopharmaceutical and catheters or syringes. The most serious drug interactions are those where the patient is taking cortisone or cytotoxic agents prior to tumour scintigraphy. Other important effects occur in patients undergoing bone scanning who are receiving iron preparations. Nifedipine has been reported to produce quite severe problems in scanning, including difficulties in the radiolabelling of red cells (for cardiac scintigraphy), and other effects where the drug appears to prevent the transport of bone-seeking materials into the skeleton. Many drugs alter hormonal status and these effects may produce marked deviations from the expected biodistribution. Diethylstilbestrol (stilboestrol), digitalis, gonadotrophins, phenothiazines and cimetidine all increase estrogen levels in high doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse reactions and drug interactions with radiopharmaceuticals. 848 Dec 15


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