Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Melanoma is increasing in incidence. An often-unsuspected complication is metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to bowel obstruction or intussusception. The most common symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal metastasis are vomiting, abdominal pain and abdominal distention. Metastatic disease should be suspected in any patient with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of cutaneous melanoma.
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PMID:Melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract. 240 21

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by hyponatraemia due to water retention resulting from the persistent release of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin). It may occur in a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions, in particular in association with oat cell carcinoma, pulmonary and cerebral diseases. We report the case of a male patient affected by melanoma of the right temporal region with brain metastasis who developed acute headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and pathological reflexes. Clinical and laboratory investigations led us to the diagnosis of SIADH. Restriction of fluid intake obtained a good clinical improvement with normalization of laboratory alterations; after 2 months the patient experienced a new episode of SIADH which was promptly treated. As melanoma has been occasionally observed in association with SIADH it should be included in the list of tumours that can cause this particular syndrome.
Melanoma Res 1998 Aug
PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a patient affected by metastatic melanoma. 976 13

Inspired by the high response rates achieved with the DBCT regimen (dacarbazine [DTIC], carmustine [BCNU], cisplatin and tamoxifen [TAM]), we administered the nitrosourea compound fotemustine, cisplatin and TAM (FCT regimen) to 69 patients with metastatic melanoma. Fotemustine (100 mg/m2) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2) were administered every 4 weeks, preceded by TAM 160 mg daily for 7 days from the second course onwards. Pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed in 14 patients during the initial two cycles to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviour of fotemustine with or without TAM. Previous chemo- or radiotherapy was allowed, and patients with brain metastases or concomitant other malignancies were included. Four complete and 11 partial responders were observed among 66 evaluable patients, yielding a response rate of 22.7% (95% confidence interval 12.9 32.5%). The median survival time was 6.4 months (range 0.1-52+ months). The main toxicities were thrombocytopenia, protracted nausea/vomiting and ototoxicity. Renal toxicity was generally mild, but possibly contributed to two deaths. Seven patients experienced deep venous thrombosis during the study. TAM had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of fotemustine. The activity of the FCT regimen was clearly inferior to that initially reported with DBCT treatment. However, a recent publication concludes that the latter achieves a considerably lower response rate when administered to a larger patient group. We believe our results reflect the true activity of FCT and similar regimens when administered routinely to unselected patients. Considering the number of potentially serious side effects, we cannot recommend the moderately active FCT regimen as a palliative treatment option for melanoma patients.
Melanoma Res 1998 Dec
PMID:Clinical experience of fotemustine, cisplatin and high dose tamoxifen in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. 991 19

Melanoma is an uncommon disease in Japan. The incidence, however, has been gradually increasing in the last two decades, as in many other countries worldwide. Ten patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated between March of 1997 and April of 1998 in the Department of Dermatology, National Cancer Center Hospital, with a combination chemotherapy consisting of dacarbazine (DTIC), nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), cisplatin (CDDP), and tamoxifen (TAM). The patients characteristics were as follows: four were males and six females; the age range was 33-70 years; all were Japanese; sites of primary disease: extremities 4, primary unknown 3, nasal cavity 1, anus 1, scalp 1; sites of metastases: lymph nodes 6, pulmonary system 5, skin 2, liver 3, gall bladder 1, adrenal gland 1. The chemotherapy regimen included DTIC 220 mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, ACNU 60 mg/m2/i.v. on day 1, cisplatin 25 mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, and tamoxifen 10 mg p.o. twice daily. One patient achieved a complete response and 3 showed partial responses. The response rate was 40%. The four responders included those with metastases to the nodes, lung, and liver. The main toxicities were nausea, vomiting, leucopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. This regimen is a fairly effective combination against metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Dacarbazine, nimustine hydrochloride, cisplatin and tamoxifen combination chemotherapy for advanced malignant melanoma. 1048 2

Reduced glutathione (GSH) production by tumour cells has been proposed as a mechanism for resistance to alkylating agents. High levels of paracetamol can deplete intracellular GSH. We conducted a phase I trial of high dose paracetamol and carmustine (BCNU) in patients with advanced malignant melanoma to determine the optimal biological dose and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with the goal of increasing sensitivity to BCNU by GSH depletion. Groups of three to five patients received escalating doses of paracetamol (10, 15 or 20 g/m(2)) every 3 weeks. Every other cycle, BCNU (10 mg/m(2)) was given 6.5 h after administration of paracetamol and 45 min before a 20 h infusion of N-acetylcysteine. Once the MTD for paracetamol had been determined, the dose of BCNU was sequentially escalated in subsequent cohorts to 150 mg/m(2). GSH levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and, when available, in tumour biopsies. The MTD of paracetamol was 15 g/m(2). The dose of BCNU was safely escalated to 150 mg/m(2). The most common toxicity was grade II nausea/vomiting. At 15 g/m(2), peak paracetamol levels (median 253 microg/ml) were reached between 1 and 4 h. No changes in GSH levels in PBMCs were seen. There were two partial responses, including a dramatic decrease in hepatic metastases. Treatment of melanoma patients with paracetamol (15 g/m(2)) every 3 weeks and BCNU (150 mg/m(2)) every 6 weeks is safe. The observation of two partial responses has led to a phase II study to evaluate treatment with high dose paracetamol alone or in combination with BCNU.
Melanoma Res 2003 Apr
PMID:Phase I trial of high dose paracetamol and carmustine in patients with metastatic melanoma. 1269 Mar 4

Melanoma is now the fifth most common type of cancer in North America. At present, there is no optimal treatment for this cancer. However, the lowering of the tyrosine level can inhibit the growth of melanoma. Unfortunately, this diet restriction cannot be humanly tolerated and causes vomiting, nausea, and severe body weight loss. To prevent these problems, we are studying a new approach involving the preparation intermolecularly crosslinked hemoglobin and tyrosinase for intravenous injection. In this article we describe the method of preparation and the structural and functional properties of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase. We evaluate the effects of varying glutaraldehyde ratio, crosslinking time, and enzyme concentration on the enzyme activity of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase. We also optimize the molecular weight distribution of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase. The stability of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase at 37 degrees C is much more stable when compared to noncrosslinked tyrosinase solution. Animal studies show that a higher degree of polymerization correlates with a longer circulation time of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase, and the optimal crosslinking time is 24 hours. One intravenous injection of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase lowers the plasma tyrosine to about 10% of its original level within one hour.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo enzyme studies of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase. 1516 60

Melanoma is an increasingly common fatal skin cancer. Many groups are carrying out research on potential treatments for melanoma. One of these approaches has shown that lowering tyrosine can inhibit the growth of melanoma in cell cultures and of B16BL6 melanoma in mice. However, humans cannot tolerate tyrosine-restricted diets for lowering tyrosine because of nausea, vomiting and weight loss. We report here our preparation and characterization of a novel soluble polyhaemoglobin-tyrosinase complex. This preparation prevents native tyrosinase from having adverse effects and from rapid removal after injection. The preparation inhibited murine B16F10 melanoma cell growth in culture and delayed its growth in a mice model. Intravenous injection of the preparation lowers the systemic tyrosine level without causing adverse effects such as vomiting and weight loss in mice. It is therefore possible that this complex could be useful in the treatment of human melanoma.
Melanoma Res 2004 Jun
PMID:In vitro and in vivo effects of polyhaemoglobin-tyrosinase on murine B16F10 melanoma. 1517 88

Melanoma now represents the fifth most common cancer in North America and it has increased dramatically in the past decade. One of the approaches shows that lowering of tyrosine level can inhibit the growth of melanoma in cell culture and in mice bearing B16BL6 melanoma. However, human cannot tolerate the tyrosine restricted diets for lowering tyrosine due to nausea, vomiting, and severe body weight loss. We therefore prepare a novel soluble polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase complex. Our studies show that this preparation can lower systemic tyrosine level in normal animals. This preparation also prevents the native tyrosinase from having adverse effects and from rapid removal after injection. In cell culture study, we find that this preparation inhibits the growth of murine B16F10 melanoma culture. Furthermore, in animal studies we observe that daily intravenous injection of this polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase preparation significantly delays the growth of B16F10 melanoma in mice, without causing adverse effects or changes in the growth of the treated animals.
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PMID:Polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase, an oxygen carrier with murine B16F10 melanoma suppression properties: a preliminary report. 1527 34

From post-mortem case records, the small bowel is the most frequent site of metastatic melanoma in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with gallbladder involvement occurring in 15% of cases. However, few cases have been documented in living patients and, when found, are associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of a Caucasian man with metastatic gallbladder and small bowel melanoma from an unknown primary. He presented with diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting and progressive asthenia; subsequently, intestinal obstruction occurred. He had no past history of malignant melanoma and the primary lesion was not found. The multiple lesions, together with the absence of mucosal involvement in both the gallbladder and small bowel, led us to believe that the lesions were metastatic deposits from a probably regressed primary melanoma. It should be emphasized that surgical resection for melanoma metastatic to the GI tract is recommended for palliative reasons and can be performed safely. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of previously reported cases of melanoma metastatic to the gallbladder and small bowel are reviewed. The differences between primary and secondary GI tract melanomas are also discussed.
Melanoma Res 2004 Oct
PMID:Melanoma metastatic to the gallbladder and small bowel: report of a case and review of the literature. 1545 2

The present study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with temozolomide plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic melanoma. Thirty patients with metastatic melanoma were enrolled. Treatment consisted of intravenous cisplatin (75 mg/m) on day 1 and oral temozolomide (200 mg/m) on days 1 to 5, every 4 weeks. Nine patients (30.0%) achieved an objective response, including two complete (6.7%) and seven partial (23.3%) responses. The median response duration was 161 days. The median progression-free and overall survival times were 72 and 120 days, respectively. Myelosuppression and emesis were the primary toxicities. In conclusion, temozolomide combined with cisplatin is an active and safe first-line chemotherapy regimen with acceptable and easily manageable toxicities in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Melanoma Res 2005 Dec
PMID:Temozolomide in combination with cisplatin in patients with metastatic melanoma: a phase II trial. 1631 41


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