Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemorrhagic diathesis was a leading symptom in diagnosing celiac disease in 4 patients. In all 4 patients, a duodenal biopsy showed total villous atrophy. Although 3 of the children were typically dystrophic, the weight of the 4th child, an 8 month old boy, was within the normal range. In this patient, who suffered from neither diarrhea nor vomiting, heavy cutaneous and mucous membrane bleeding were the only symptoms of the disease. In all 4 cases the haemorrhagic diathesis could be explained by a low prothrombin complex, whereas the rest of the coagulation tests were normal. After the administration of Vitamin K1 there was an immediate rise in the prothrombin complex and bleeding was quickly stopped. Noteworthy is that due to infections, 3 of the 4 patients, received antibiotics just before the onset of the bleeding. In celiac disease, the conversion from a K-hypovitaminosis into a K-avitaminosis by the administration of antibiotics is discussed.
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PMID:[Vitamin K deficiency bleeding as a leading symptom in celiac disease (author's transl)]. 64 95

Renal excretion of xanthurenic acid without any tryptophan load, passage of 4-pyridoxic acid with diurnal urine and its excretion with urine collected during 1 hour in the morning on an empty stomach were investigated in 86 practically healthy infants and in 77 others with acute respiratory viral infections aged from two weeks to one year. Investigations of the tryptophan tolerance in infants yielded negative results, viz. on administering to them of D,L-tryptophan in a load dose the infants started vomiting. Practically healthy infants did not excrete xanthurenic acid, while the renal excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid remained within normal limits. In patients at the height of the disease the passage of 4-pyridoxic acid steeply increased. In 9 of them xanthurenic acid appeared in the diurnal urine. In the quiscent stage of the affection in two infants xanthurenuria continued against the general background of diminished excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid. There is no reason to relate the disclosed xanthurenuria in sick infants with the state of hypovitaminosis in them.
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PMID:[Renal excretion of xanthurenic acid as an index of vitamin B6 allowance in infants]. 98 46

We reported a case of 4-year-old boy with multiple vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin B1 deficiency. He had megaduodenum associated with membranous stenosis on upper jejunum. He showed recurrent vomiting at his infantile period, and recently intermittent neurological symptoms. When he was admitted to our hospital, he could not walk and showed masked face, absent deep tendon reflexes, horizontal and vertical nystagmus, proximally dominant muscle weakness and multiple vitamin deficiencies. Oral administration of small doses of vitamin B1 (20 mg/day) could make remarkable clinical improvements. At three weeks after the treatment he could walk and run. Before the admission he had febrile convulsions and showed transiently striatal low density on CT image. We concluded that his neurological symptoms were due to vitamin B1 deficiency associated with megaduodenum. When a patient with intestinal anomaly shows neurological symptoms, we should think of vitamin deficiency.
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PMID:[A case with severe neurological involvement due to vitamin B1 deficiency associated with megaduodenum]. 846 Nov 66

BACKGROUND: Comparing primary vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and distal gastric bypass (DGBP) patients might assist decision-making based on patient profiles and desired outcomes. METHODS: A prospective study of 81 vertical banded gastroplasty and 60 distal gastric bypass patients. Technical aspects, complications, weight loss, post-op compliance and satisfaction are reported. Length of follow-up is 48 months (VBG) and 36 (DGBP). Lost-to-follow-up 41% (VBG) and 22% (DGBP). Ten per cent of VBGs were revised, with 1% takedown. Three percent DGBPs were converted to proximal GBPs. Demographics are comparable. RESULTS: Operative time was 40 min VBG and 88 DGBP; blood loss 187 cc vs 335 cc; and hospital stay 3 versus 4 days. Exclusive VBG complications include: 1% staple-line leak, 4% intra-abdominal abscess, 1% respiratory failure, 5% pneumonia, 1% intra-abdominal bleed, 1% small bowel obstruction, 2% infected incision, 2% fistula, 2% stenotic or obstructed obstructed stoma, and 1% bezoar. Exclusive DGBP complications include: 2% GI bleed, 12% marginal ulcer, 5% reflux esophagitis, 13% hypocalcemia, 23% hypovitaminosis A and D (12% requiring B12 therapy). Shared complications include hypoproteinemia 6% VBG versus 40% DGBP; excess vomiting (>6 months post-op), 7% versus 10%, excess diarrhea 2% versus 20%, dehydration 1% versus 8%, re-hospitalization 4% versus 15% (hyperalimentation), post-op cholecystectomy 1% versus 5%, weight regain 48% versus 1%. VBG experienced an average of 64% excess weight loss at 36 months versus DGBP 89% excess weight loss. VBG follow-up compliance is generally poor but good for DGBP. Compliance with diet and supplements is equivalent (50%). Satisfaction is 85% and 93% respectively. CONCLUSION: The DGBP provides better long-term weight loss, but nutritional deficiencies occur more often and require close follow-up. The surgery is more complex, but as a primary procedure there are few major complications.
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PMID:Vertical Banded Gastroplasty and Distal Gastric Bypass as Primary Procedures: A Comparison. 1072 88

Two young females with severe morbid obesity presented with Wernicke's syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastro-jejunum bypass had been performed. The first patient had recurrent vomiting and dyplopia two months post-surgery. Physical examination indicated bilateral ophthalmoparesia with conserved convergence and ataxia. The second patient had frequent vomiting episodes over the previous three months together with lower limb hypotonia, myoclonia and generalised tonicoclonic seizures on two occasions within one year of surgery. In both cases routine blood test, ion levels (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphates), electroencephalogram and CT scan were normal. Thiamine therapy was instigated on the basis of clinical intuition and the first patient achieved complete remission within 24 hours while the second improved gradually in that two years later only mild lower limb hypotonia and a slight cognitive deficit remains. Erythrocyte transketolase activity determinations were abnormal on two separate occasions for this second patient. Vitamin B1 determinations were not available for the first patient. In conclusion, the restriction in energy intake and the persistent vomiting together with malabsorption induced by the surgical intervention could explain the vitamin deficiency causing Wernicke's encephalopathy. This indicates a need for close monitoring and systematic vitamin supplementation in those patients who undergo bariatric surgery.
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PMID:Wernicke's syndrome after bariatric surgery. 1103 Oct 78

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding with return of red cells suspended in saline (plasmapheresis) it is possible to bring dogs to a steady state of hypoproteinemia and a constant level of plasma protein production if the diet nitrogen intake is controlled and limited. Such dogs are outwardly normal but have a lowered resistance to infection and intoxication and probably to vitamin deficiency. When the diet nitrogen is provided by certain mixtures of the ten growth essential amino acids plus glycine, given intravenously at a rapid rate, plasma protein production is good. The same mixture absorbed subcutaneously at a slower rate may be slightly better utilized. Fed orally the same mixture is better utilized and associated with a lower urinary nitrogen excretion. An ample amino acid mixture for the daily intake of a 10 kilo dog may contain in grams dl-threonine 1.4, dl-valine 3, dl-leucine 3, dl-isoleucine 2, l(+)-lysine.HCl.H(2)O 2.2, dl-tryptophane 0.3, dl-phenylalanine 2, dl-methionine 1.2, l(+)-histidine.HCl.H(2)O 1, l(+)-arginine.HCl 1, and glycine 2. Half this quantity is inadequate and not improved by addition of a mixture of alanine, serine, norleucine, proline, hydroxyproline, and tyrosine totalling 1.4 gm. Aspartic acid appears to induce vomiting when added to a mixture of amino acids. The same response has been reported for glutamic acid (8). Omission from the intake of leucine or of leucine and isoleucine results in negative nitrogen balance and rapid weight loss but plasma protein production may be temporarily maintained. It is possible that leucine may be captured from red blood cell destruction. Tryptophane deficiency causes an abrupt decline in plasma protein production. No decline occurred during 2 weeks of histidine deficiency but the urinary nitrogen increased to negative balance. Plasma protein production may be impaired during conditions of dietary deficiency not related to the protein or amino acid intake. Skin lesions and liver function impairment are described. Unidentified factors present in liver and yeast appear to be involved.
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PMID:PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION INFLUENCED BY AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND LACK OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS : A DEFICIENCY STATE RELATED TO UNKNOWN FACTORS. 1987 90

A patient with peripheral polyneuropathy after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity is reported. She suffered from frequent episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain after surgery. Muscle weakness in her lower limbs developed 5 months later and she experienced difficulty in walking and standing. Wrist drop, foot drop, and marked distal limb muscle atrophy were found bilaterally. Electromyography showed the presence of sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Nutritional deficiencies may play an important role in pathogenesis. This uncommon neurological complication might be due to rapid weight loss and vitamin deficiency. Physicians who take care for patients after bariatric surgery should have a high index of awareness for the neurologic complications, and routine vitamin supplementation might be useful for these patients.
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PMID:Peripheral polyneuropathy after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. 2217 46

The hydrosoluble vitamins are a group of organic substances that are required by humans in small amounts to prevent disorders of metabolism. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the biochemical, physiologic and nutritional aspects of the water-soluble vitamins. Deficiency of these particular vitamins, most commonly due to inadequate nutrition, can result in disorders of the nervous system. Many of these disorders have been successfully prevented in developed countries; however, they are still common in developing countries. Of the hydrosoluble vitamins, the nervous system depends the most on vitamins B and C (ascorbic acid) for proper functioning. The B group vitamins include thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin or niacinamide (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine or pyridoxal (vitamin B6) and cobalamin (vitamin B12). Clinical findings depend upon the deficiency of the underlying vitamin; generally, deficiency symptoms are seen from a combination rather than an isolated vitamin deficiency. True hereditary metabolic disorders and serious deficiency-associated diseases are rare and in general limited to particular geographic regions and high-risk groups. Their recognition is truly important as that determines the appropriate therapeutic management. The general availability of vitamins to practically everyone and several national health programs have saved many lives and prevented complications. However, there has been some apprehension for several decades about how harmless generous dosages of these vitamins are. Overt overdosages can cause vitamin toxicity affecting various body systems including the nervous system. Systemically, vitamin toxicity is associated with nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash which are common with any acute or chronic vitamin overdose. At a national level, recommended daily allowances for vitamins become policy statements. Nutrition policy has far reaching implications in the food industry, in agriculture, and in food provision programs. Overall, water-soluble vitamins are complex molecular structures and even today, many areas of vitamin biochemistry still need to be explored. Many readers might be of the opinion that the classic forms of nutritional deficiency diseases have faded into the background of interesting history. This has caused their diverse symptoms to be neglected by most modern physicians since vitamin enrichment of many foods automatically erases them from their consideration in differential diagnosis. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies are discussed in other chapters.
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PMID:Hydrosoluble vitamins. 2436 59