Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is an increasingly recognized brain disorder most commonly associated with hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, or the use of immunosuppressive agents. Its clinical features include headache, decreased alertness, mental abnormalities, such as confusion, diminished spontaneity of speech, changed behavior ranging from drowsiness to stupor, seizures, vomiting, and abnormalities of visual perception like cortical blindness. Magnetic resonance imaging shows edematous lesions primarily involving the posterior supratentorial white matter and corticomedullary junction. We describe a 7-year-old uremic girl who developed neurological symptoms of posterior leukoencephalophaty syndrome during the course of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Since the symptoms first appeared 24 h after a hypertensive crisis and the patient was uremic at the time of symptoms, we decided to report this patient to discuss the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms developing during the course of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis. 1146 12

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a brain disorder characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbance, depressed level of consciousness, convulsions and occasionally focal neurologic deficits. It is commonly associated with malignant hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy or the use of immunosuppressive agents. Early diagnosis and specific treatment is essential. We report a case of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy in the context of a hypertensive crisis in an habitual cocaine sniffer. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy must be suspected in every patient with hypertensive crisis and compatible clinic manifestation. Neuroimaging studies show characteristic features which confirm the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, severe hypertension, and cocaine abuse]. 1147 11

Thrombocytopenia is one of the common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its treatment consists of corticosteroids and/or other immunosuppressive drug such as azathioprine, vincristine, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil. Common adverse reactions of immunosuppressive treatment are infections, hematologic and liver function abnormalities, but neurologic complications may also be seen. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a syndrome manifested by headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, cortical blindness, and visual disturbances. Neuroimaging shows bilateral subcortical and cortical edema with prominent posterior distribution. Moreover, treatment with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine, cisplatin, tacrolimus, and interferon-alpha can induce a condition resembling RPLS. We report a case of a young woman with SLE and thrombocytopenia, who developed severe perspiration, headache, and seizure after receiving cyclosporine. A brain magnetic resonance image showed multiple high signal intensities on T2-weighted images predominantly located at the parietooccipital lobe. The patient recovered completely clinically and radiologically after discontinuing cyclosporine.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus with thrombocytopenia treated with cyclosporine. 1727 58

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLES), previously known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), is characterized by the presence of bilateral lesions located within the posterior border zones of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. This condition commonly presents with headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision and level of consciousness, and seizures. RPLES has been associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, renal failure, and immunosuppressive therapy following transplant. We report the development of RPLES in a boy following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RPLES in association with the use of LVAD.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome associated with left ventricular assist device. 1638 57

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a recently described disorder with typical radiologic findings in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. The symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, focal neurologic deficits, and seizures. A 10-year-old male was hit on his back, resulting in backache. He was medicated with sodium diclofenate and mefenamic acid. The next day, he had edema and oliguria. By the third day, his blood pressure increased and he began to experience restlessness and worsening mental status. He then complained of headache and visual disturbances and had a seizure. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed abnormalities in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. The patient was treated with antiepileptics and calcium antagonists. His hypertension and seizures were well controlled. On the 22nd day, he was discharged without any neurologic or renal deficits. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome does not occur frequently in childhood, and this is the first case report of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. One should consider reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome as a side effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in daily medical treatment.
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PMID:Pediatric posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome and NSAID-induced acute tubular interstitial nephritis. 1650 99

Gemcitabine is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for a variety of tumor types. Although this nucleoside analogue antineoplastic agent is similar in structure to cytarabine, central nervous system toxicities have rarely been attributed to gemcitabine. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare but increasingly identifiable clinicoradiologic process in cancer patients associated with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agents. The syndrome is characterized by acute to subacute onset of headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, seizures, stupor, and visual disturbances. The pathophysiology of RPLS continues to remain controversial but likely involves loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation leading to arteriole leakage. Radiologically, posterior occipital white matter edema is noted, with characteristic findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Often the syndrome is reversible with treatment of concurrent hypertension or removal of the causative agent; however, failure to quickly recognize the syndrome and discontinue the offending agent may result in profound and permanent central nervous system dysfunction or death. This article describes a case of RPLS attributed to gemcitabine use for pancreatic cancer. Such a descriptive case serves as a platform for the discussion of the syndrome, proposed mechanisms of central nervous system damage, and review of the currently available literature on the topic. With increased awareness of RPLS by oncologists and other medical providers, cancer patient care may be improved and further insight into this complication of therapy through continued research may be gained.
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PMID:Gemcitabine-induced reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. 1805 53

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a clinical-radiological phenomenon associated with headache, vomiting, lethargy, visual disturbances and seizures, concomitant with radiological abnormalities predominantly within posterior cerebral white matter due to cerebral edema. There are multiple triggers as acute hypertension, cancer, hematological disease, renal pathology, red cells transfusions and different drugs. We present two patients with reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of the probable association with vinca alkaloids.
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PMID:[Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy: report of two cases after vincristine treatment]. 1835 42

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) has been identified in several connective tissue diseases. However, there are no reports of RPLS associated with Takayasu arteritis (TA). We report the first case of TA associated with RPLS. A 23-year-old woman presented with sudden headache and vomiting, followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures and mental changes two weeks after administration of oral prednisolone. MRI showed hyperintense signals on T2 and FLAIR images in the bilateral temporal-parietal-occipital lobes, left frontal lobe, and left cerebellar hemisphere. Three weeks after starting control of convulsions and blood pressure with plasmapheresis, high-dose methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide, the clinical manifestations and abnormal signals on MRI completely resolved. These reversible clinical and radiological changes are consistent with vasogenic edema in the central nervous system, indicating RPLS. Although high-dose methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide are thought to cause RPLS, we think that it is justified to use these agents, at least in difficult cases, for making a clear-cut differentiation from CNS vasculitis, as long as blood pressure and fluid volume are well controlled. Moreover, we suggest that RPLS should be included in differential diagnosis of acute neurological changes in connective tissue diseases, including TA.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a patient with Takayasu arteritis. 1858 26

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is recently described disorder with typical radiological findings in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. Its clinical symptoms include headache, decreased alertness, mental abnormalities, such as confusion, diminished spontaneity of speech, and changed behavior ranging from drowsiness to stupor, seizures, vomiting and abnormalities of visual perception like cortical blindness. RPLS is caused by various heterogeneous factors, the commonest being hypertension, followed by non-hypertensive causes such as eclampsia, renal diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. We presented nine patients with RPLS who had primary diagnoses such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, idiopathic hypertension, the performing of intravenous immunoglobulin for infection with crescentic glomerulonephritis, erythrocyte transfusion for severe iron deficiency, L: -asparaginase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and performing of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for ulcerative colitis due to neutropenia. Early recognition of RPLS as complication during different diseases and therapy in childhood may facilitate precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in childhood: report of nine cases and review of the literature. 1980 87