Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the symptoms from a malignant tumor are caused by local invasion by the tumor, or obstruction, either at the site of the primary disease or by metastases. However, tumors can produce symptoms at a remote site. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancy may present with symptoms which include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and ascites. Palliation gastrectomy delays or prevents these symptoms. About 30% of gastric carcinomas are inoperable at the time of presentation. Chemotherapy is rarely effective in the palliation of gastric carcinoma. Laser irradiation can be delivered to assay site accessible to fibreoptic endoscopy, which is an advantage over endocavity irradiation or diathermy fulguration. Ascites is a common and disabling implication in patients with advanced malignant disease. Spironolactone will increase urinary sodium excretion significantly and control their ascites. If spironolactone fails to control, useful control can be achieved by draining the ascites. Patients with carcinoma of the lung may present with symptoms that include cough, bloody sputum and dyspnoea. Pain in the chest wall is usually secondary to invasion of the parietal pleura, ribs or intercostal nerves. Lesions in the medial portion of the right upper lobe, or mediastinal metastases, may invade or compress the superior vena cava, causing venous hypertension with oedema of the head and arms. The patients may complain of dyspnoea, dysphagia, stridor and headaches. Radiotherapy can be expected to improve the quality of life for these patients. Successful palliation of symptoms is almost related to tumor regression. The problems of obstruction and bleeding from malignant tumor is common. Recently, laser techniques have been applied to aid in palliation of these problems. Malignant effusion may occur early and be the first signs of metastases. The aim of therapy is to evacuate the fluid and induce pleural adhesion. One of the sad situations that we have to face is the patient with recurrent cancer which complains of various symptoms. The relief of symptoms is the most important palliative therapy to them.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 3. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor (1)]. 169 82

Eighteen patients with progressive/locally recurrent cancer of the stomach were given therapy with MMC, ADM, CDDP, Etoposide (VP-16), and 5'DFUR (MAC-VD therapy). Drugs were administered intravenously with MMC 10 mg/m2, ADM 20 mg/m2, and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 1; orally with etoposide 100 mg/day for five consecutive days from day 3; and orally with 5'DFUR 600 mg/day for three weeks from day 3 followed by discontinuation for one subsequent week. This drug regimen was one course of the treatment and repeated as far as possible. There were 16 evaluable cases; the sex distribution was ten males and six females. Patients ranged in age from 43 to 78 years. P.S. 1 was two cases; 2 ten cases; and 3 four cases. The overall response rate, CR + PR, was 1 + 7/16 (50%), while this rate for primary disease was 2 + 5/16 (43.8%). Of the two CR cases, one primary lesion became operable and CR was demonstrated histologically. The overall response rates, CR + PR, for metastatic lesions were 1 + 3/9 (44.4%) for the liver; 0 + 1/4 (25.0%) for the abdominal lymph nodes; 0 + 1/2 (50.0%) for the superficial lymph nodes; 0 + 1/2 (50.0%) for the bones; and 0 + 1/1 (100%) for the lung. The median duration of the response was 3.7 months (range between 1.5 and 8.2+) and the median duration of survival 5.1+ months (range between 2.2+ and 13.3+). At the same time, the hematological side effects of both leukocytopenia and hypohemoglobinemia were seen in 43.8% of the cases. Non-hematological side effects included alopecia in 18.8% and nausea/vomiting in 12.5%. There was no case of discontinuation due to side effects. It was concluded that the therapy with MMC, ADM, CDDP, etoposide and 5'DFUR (MAC-VD therapy) proved to be a very promising drug regimen in the treatment of stomach cancer with high rates of response and is expected to be a step forward in the establishment of interdisciplinary treatment.
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PMID:[A study of combined chemotherapy with MMC, ADM, CDDP, etoposide (VP-16), 5'DFUR (MAC-VD therapy) in advanced cancer and local relapse of the stomach]. 213 4

Twenty-three patients with advanced untreated head and neck cancer, nine patients with recurrent cancer, and six patients with recurrent cancer who underwent surgery and had postoperative persistence of tumor were treated with three 2-week courses of irradiation (1,500 cGy in 10 fractions each) concurrently with cisplatin and a 5-day infusion of 5-fluorouracil. A fourth 2-week course of irradiation (2,000 cGy in 10 fractions) brought the final tumor dose to 6,500 cGy. Twenty patients in the untreated group and three patients in the recurrent group (33%) had a complete response. There were 10 local recurrences in the untreated group (43%), seven in the recurrent group (78%), and three in the persistent group (50%). At 17 months after the start of treatment, the survival rate for the untreated patients was 51%, for the patients in the recurrent group it was 11%, and for the patients in the persistent group it was 20% (P = .03). Most patients experienced toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and mucositis. Clinical trials are necessary to determine whether simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation therapy is an improved method of treatment for advanced head and neck cancer.
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PMID:Advanced head and neck cancer: low-dose, split-course radiation therapy and simultaneous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. 236 76

Seventy patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with a 24-hour infusion of cisplatin, followed by a 5-day continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Among 31 patients without prior treatment, stage III (six patients) and IV (25 patients), there were seven complete responses (CRs) and 19 partial responses (PRs) for an overall response rate of 84%. In the group of 30 patients with recurrent disease after surgery and/or radiotherapy, there were five CRs and ten PRs (total response rate of 50%). Among nine patients who failed prior chemotherapy, there were two CRs and one PR. Performance status and stage had minor effects on response frequency. The projected survival in the no prior treatment group was 59% at 22 months while the median survival of the recurrent cancer group was nine months. Compared to our previous study using cisplatin-vincristine-bleomycin (COB) chemotherapy, our present regimen has a higher CR rate (P less than .008). Durations of response and survival in the present study appear to be longer in the unresectable group and the recurrent cancer group. Toxicity was generally mild. The use of dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, droperidol, and perphenazine as antiemetics prophylactically resulted in 28% of treatment cycles associated with vomiting. This compares favorably with our previous 79% incidence of vomiting. This regimen appears to be more effective than our previous regimen and can be given with less toxicity.
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PMID:Treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. 241 93

Fifty-two non-resectable and recurrent cancer patients with prior treatment, were entered in this study; 1 esophageal, 33 gastric, 1 duodenal, 4 colorectal, 2 pancreatic, 2 bile duct, and 9 breast cancer. The protocol of this therapy was as follows: On day 1, 500 mg/body cyclophosphamide (CPM) was administered by drip infusion, and on day 2, 200 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX) was infused intravenously for 30 min; immediately after, 500 mg/body 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was injected by bolus infusion for 5-10 min. On day 3, 24 hours after MTX administration, leucovorin rescue was added. This combination chemotherapy was repeated every two weeks. As a result, 35 of 52 patients were evaluable and the response rate (CR + PR) was investigated; 2/21 (9.5%) for gastric, 2/7 (28.6%) for breast, and 0% for miscellaneous. As complications for side effect, general fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and stomatitis were observed symptomatically, and leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were recognized in laboratory data as dose limiting factors.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of CPM-MTX-5-FU in non-resectable and recurrent cancer patients]. 271 79

5'-DFUR was administered orally to advanced or recurrent cancer patients at a daily dosage of 600-1200 mg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. Out of 13 evaluable cases 2PR, 2MR, 4NC and 5PD were observed, response rate was 15.4%. PR were obtained in one gastric cancer case and one breast cancer case. Side effects were observed in 6 cases out of 14 cases (42.9%) and major adverse reaction was gastro-intestinal toxicities such as anorexia, nausea-vomiting and diarrhea. Two leukocytopenia and one erythrocytopenia were observed. This study indicated that 5'-DFUR would be useful as a new anticancer agent.
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PMID:[Clinical trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in advanced cancer patients]. 293 26

With the use of cisplatin to enhance the effect of 5-FU, a combined approach was designed to treat patients with inoperable recurrent cancer of the stomach (15) and colon (6). This CDDP-5-FU therapy consisted of intermittent infusion of CDDP at a dose of 6 mg/m2 every day and continuous infusion of 5-FU at a daily dose of 200 mg/m2 for 2 weeks with a 2-week interval in between. There were 1CR and 6PR, and the overall response rate was 40.0%. Toxicity was manifested in slight nausea or vomiting in two patients (10.0%), but there was no nephrotoxity. Thrombocytopenia of Grade 4 was found in 1 patient and leucopenia of Grade 3 in another. The efficiency of performance status was in 14 patients (66.7%). Combination of daily low-dose cisplatin and 5-FU is a tolerable treatment for patients with inoperable recurrent stomach and colon cancer. It is suggested that CDDP plays a role as not only an effector but also a modulator in biochemical modulation of 5-FU in this therapy. The infusion schedule is also suitable for chemotherapy of outpatients. Further studies on the appropriate infusion of CDDP and 5-FU are needed.
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PMID:[Effect of continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and daily low-dose cisplatin for inoperable recurrent cancer of the stomach and colon]. 782 83

Between April 1985 and February 1989, 19 patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma were treated with the combination of cisplatin (50 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) administered intravenously every 21 days. Eight patients had Stage III disease, two had Stage IV and nine had recurrent cancer. Eleven patients had measurable disease at the start of therapy. There were 7 partial responses among the 19 patients, for an overall response rate of 36%. The median survival for the whole group was 17 months with a median progression free interval of 5 months. Patients without measurable disease at the onset of therapy had median survivals and progression free intervals which were significantly better than those patients with measurable disease, p < 0.011 and p < 0.025 respectively. Granulocytopenia (< 1000 microliters) occurred in 7 patients. No important thrombocytopenia, cardiotoxicity nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity was observed. Emesis and alopecia occurred in all patients. No treatment related deaths were encountered.
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PMID:Treatment of recurrent and metastatic endometrial carcinoma with cisplatin and doxorubicin. 795 32

We tried home anti-cancer chemotherapy for patients with advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system, using two disposable balloon pumps connected to an implantable drug delivery system via central venous line. There were 33 patients under 75 years old, including 20 cases of gastric cancer, 9 cases of colorectal cancer, 2 cases of cholangiocarcinoma and 2 cases of esophageal cancer enrolled in this study. The protocol was combined chemotherapy with continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (300 mg/body/day) and low-dose intravenous injection of cisplatin (5 mg/body/day) in 10-day courses for two weeks, and it was repeated 3 times for 6 weeks. Because of side effects such as nausea, vomiting and bone marrow suppression, treatment was discontinued in 12 cases with peritoneal cancer infiltration. In two of 10 with estimable disease, the reduction of the metastatic lymph node was observed, but no effect was shown in the colorectal metastatic liver tumor. Thanks to the portability of the pump with this method, the patient need not undergo hospitalization. Moreover, there is no renal dysfunction or other major side effects, quality of life is not compromised and a return to family and social life is possible. Thus, if the patient cannot take the oral nutrition, it is easy to start home hyper-alimentation.
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PMID:[Trial of home anti-cancer chemotherapy with infusion of 5-FU and low-dose cisplatin]. 898 9

The inhibitory effect of ramosetron hydrochloride (Ram), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, on nausea and vomiting occurring in CMF or CEF therapy as a pre- or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy for recurrent cancer was evaluated in 34 patients with breast cancer. On days 1 and 8, the patients received Ram (0.3 mg) concomitantly with these agents intravenously and were observed for nausea and vomiting to evaluate the inhibitory effect. Food intake was observed at the same time. On day 1, there was moderate to severe nausea in one patient and vomiting in two patients, while results for 32 of 34 patients (94.1%) were classified as "excellent". On day 8, no moderate or severe nausea was seen, but vomiting occurred in one patient; the results of 33 patients (97.1%) were classified as "excellent". Even when considering only 12 patients who had experienced nausea or vomiting on chemotherapy, 11 showed an "excellent" response on day 1. Moreover, no patient received any additional dose of an anti-emetic drug within 24 hours of Ram administration. Food intake decreased to less than 50% of the baseline in three patients on day 1 and four patients on day 8. Administration of Ram to breast cancer patients on CMF or CEF therapy is thus concluded to be useful in the inhibition of nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:[Usefulness of ramosetron hydrochloride on nausea and vomiting in CMF or CEF therapy for breast cancer]. 1043 83


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