Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since 1946, 20 men and one woman aged 40 to 76 years (average 57) were operated upon for complications of diospyrobezoars. Shortly after eating persimmons, 11 (52.4%) had severe abdominal cramping, anusea, vomiting, and pyrexia. Twelve of 17 (70.9%) with gastric bezoars had hematemesis or melena caused by an associated gastric ulcer, while five (29.1%) had only moderate dyspepsia. In four (19.1%), the bezoar had lodged in the ileum, causing obstruction. Enzymatic therapy is indicated in those with minor symptoms. Gastrotomy or gastrotomy with bezoar removal and wedge resection of the gastric ulcer is recommended when enzymatic therapy fails, or when there is gastric outlet obstruction or marrise hemorrhage. Emergency exploration with removal is necessary when the persimmon bezoar causes ileal obstruction.
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PMID:Management of persimmon bezoars (diospyrobezoars). 51 61

Report is made of a case of an unusual localization of a trichobezoar in a 12 year-old girl, who presented vomiting and abdominal pain as chief complaints. She was found to have an 18 X 5 cm palpable abdominal mass, which upon surgery was localized in terminal ileum and in the pathology report was found to be a trichobezoar. The interest of this case is the unusual localization of a single bezoar and the fact that a resection of 25 cm. of small bowel had to be done, as it was found necrotic at the time of surgery.
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PMID:[A case of intestinal trichobezoar]. 97 56

Bezoars are concretions formed in the gastrointestinal tract. The trichobezoars are hairballs in the stomach or intestines composed of hair. They are usually found in young girls as in our case which we operated in April 1989 on Surgical Ward in Kartal State Hospital in Istanbul. The postgastrectomy state predisposes to bezoar formation. Persimmon peels or pits, orange or grapefruit pulp are the usual offenders. Bezoars are associated with vague upper gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. The patients may complain of abdominal pain. Ulceration, bleeding, obstruction, and perforation are the most common complications. Treatment consist of mechanical fragmentation via the endoscope or operative extraction. Dissolution of the undigested bolus by ingestion of proteolytic enzymes such as papain may be tried. As prophylaxis the postgastrectomy patient must be warned of ingesting citrus fruits.
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PMID:[Occlusion of the gastric outlet caused by a trichobezoar]. 209 9

Gastrointestinal complications are described frequently after preparation of patients for bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Two patients who underwent BMT developed complications due to gastrointestinal bezoars. One patient developed intestinal obstruction, which necessitated emergency surgery, and the other patient had a gastric bezoar, which caused vomiting. The diagnosis and treatment of this rare complication after BMT are described.
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PMID:Intestinal obstruction caused by bezoar: a rare complication after bone marrow transplantation. 264 80

In 46 patients with gastric resection and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, gastric emptying was studied with the gamma camera. Seventeen patients were free of symptoms, 11 vomited occasionally (less than 5 times weekly), and 18 were severely incapacitated with daily vomiting, weight loss, and bezoar formation. Patients with occasional vomiting had early rapid emptying similar to that seen in the patients who were without symptoms and responded satisfactorily to nonsurgical therapy. The 18 patients with severe vomiting showed a marked delay in the emptying of the solid meal (p less than 0.01) but normal emptying of the liquid. There was no difference between those with and those without stomal ulceration or stomal stenosis. The stasis occurred in the stomach and not in the Roux limb. All 18 patients had a further extensive gastric resection, leaving a 50 to 75 ml upper gastric remnant drained by Roux-en-Y gastroenterostomy. Fifteen of these patients showed improvement and gained weight, and the gastric emptying of both the solid and liquid test meals is now faster than in any of the other groups (p less than 0.03). We conclude that extensive gastric resection is an effective means to reduce symptoms and improve gastric emptying in selected patients with severe gastric stasis of solid food after the Roux-en-Y procedure.
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PMID:Management of gastric emptying disorders following the Roux-en-Y procedure. 317 72

A chart review from 1975 to 1985 at the Toronto Western Hospital identified 16 patients (9 women and 7 men, between the ages of 39 and 83 years) with gastrointestinal phytobezoars. Nine had previously undergone vagotomy and drainage procedures. There were two distinct clinical groups, dependent on the location gastric bezoars presented with chronic burning epigastric pain and nausea and vomiting in addition to anorexia and weight loss. Six of seven patients with small-bowel bezoars had acute small-bowel obstruction, manifested by crampy abdominal pain, vomiting and obstipation. In the seventh patient the bezoar was found incidentally in an efferent loop during endoscopy. Gastric bezoars were all diagnosed by endoscopy; patients with small-bowel bezoars had x-ray films compatible with small-bowel obstruction. The obstructing small-bowel bezoars were found at midileum and proximal jejunum. Five patients underwent proximal enterotomy with bezoar removal; in one the bezoar was milked distally into the cecum. One patient also had multiple nonobstructing small-bowel bezoars removed through the single enterotomy and another had a separate gastrotomy for removal of a gastric bezoar. The postoperative courses were uncomplicated except for wound infection in one patient. None of the patients with an isolated gastric bezoar required surgery. Three patients were successfully treated with gastric lavage and the others with clear fluid diet.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal phytobezoars: presentation and management. 377 44

An esophageal bezoar occurring in a young patient without esophageal abnormality is described. The history of severe progressive dysphagia following forceful vomiting and presence of a gastric ulcer suggest that the esophageal bezoar might have originated in the stomach.
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PMID:Bezoar of the esophagus. 741 92

We describe a patient in whom a gastric phytobezoar was regurgitated into the esophagus during an episode of vomiting, giving rise to sudden dysphagia. The bezoar remained impacted for 3 days during which time a sever ulcerative esophagitis due to pressure necrosis and secondary infection developed. Healing has been accompanied by esophageal stricture formation which still necessitates esophageal dilatation at intervals.
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PMID:Esophageal obstruction by phytobezoar. Rare complication of gastric bezoar. 746 Jul 11

Gastroparesis is delayed gastric emptying of either solids or liquids, which occurs in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Although associated with many diseases, the most frequent cause of gastroparesis is diabetes mellitus. It is estimated that up to 50% of diabetic patients may have this problem. Symptoms of gastroparesis include postprandial nausea, epigastric pain/burning, bloating, early satiety, excessive eructation, anorexia and vomiting. The vomiting associated with gastroparesis often has the following two features: (1) emesis of undigested foods ingested more than four hours previous; and (2) emesis of undigested foods in the middle of the night or in the morning prior to eating breakfast. It is important to recognize and treat gastroparesis not only to decrease symptoms but also to prevent bezoar formation and nutritional deficiencies as well as to improve glycemic control in brittle diabetics. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of gastric emptying and to use this information to understand the pharmacological therapies for this debilitating problem.
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PMID:Gastroparesis: current management. 878 40

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) has previously been reported in 2 patients with theophylline toxicity treated with activated charcoal (AC), mechanical ventilation and opioid induced sedation. We report a case of Ogilvie's syndrome in a theophylline toxic patient treated with AC. A 45-y-old male with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with vomiting and multifocal atrial tachycardia after an intentional theophylline overdose. His initial potassium concentration was 2.7 mEq/L and his theophylline was 191 mg/L (1060 mumol/L). The patient was hemodialyzed and given a total of 1,000 g of AC without cathartics during the first hospital day. He also received iv potassium replacement. On the second hospital day he required mechanical ventilation for respiratory acidosis. Clindamycin was given for purulent sputum and fever. Haloperidol was given to treat agitation. No other anticholinergic agents or opioids were given. The patient's potassium rose to 6.5 mEq/L and he was given kayexalate. During the third hospital day the patient developed abdominal distention, tenderness and leukocytosis. Abdominal radiographs revealed a distended cecum. In the operating room the cecum was found dilated to 16 cm with no distal obstruction. A cecostomy tube drained AC and pill fragments. A 6 cm charcoal bezoar was found in the stomach. The patient recovered uneventfully.
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PMID:Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) in theophylline overdose. 888 46


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