Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Impromidine is a specific, potent histamine H2-receptor agonist. The present paper describes the results of acute and short-term repeated-dose toxicity studies with impromidine in rodents and dogs. The intravenous LD50 was 9.6 mg kg-1 in male mice, 12.7 mg kg-1 in female mice and 25.5 mg kg-1 in rats. The minimum lethal dose in dogs after 30 min intravenous infusion was 27.7 mg kg-1 during the infusion and 4 mg kg-1 within 14 days. In 12- or 14-day tests in rats by the intravenous (maximum dose 3.24 mg per kg per day) and subcutaneous (maximum dose 20 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine had no serious toxicological effects. In 12- or 14-day studies in dogs by the i.v. (maximum dose 0.259 mg per kg per day) and intramuscular (maximum dose 0.5 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine caused vasodilation, tachycardia and vomiting. In a few dogs, at the highest dose levels, there was erosion and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and myocardial damage. Other minor pathological changes were seen in the liver, kidneys and pancreas. No changes were seen other than those to be expected from the pharmacological actions of impromidine as an H2-receptor agonist. Studies in anaesthetized rats, either spontaneously respiring or sustained by artificial respiration, indicate that, at acute doses, impromidine causes death by respiratory failure.
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PMID:Short-term toxicological studies with impromidine (SK&F 92676): a specific histamine H2-receptor agonist. 622 52

Encouraging results of the combination of upper hemibody irradiation (UHBI) and local chest irradiation (LCI) combined withh standard-dose chemotherapy in patients with extensive small cell bronchogenic carcinoma led us to a second pilot study utilizing the same radiation program combined wit high-dose induction chemotherapy. Fourteen patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, five with extensive disease and nine with localized disease, were treated with cyclophosphamide (1.5 g/m2 iv, Days 1 and 22), lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally, Day 1), and methotrexate (15 mg/m2 twice weekly during Weeks 2, 3, 5, and 6). UHBI (600 rads) was given during Week 6 in a single dose and LCI was given during Week 7 (2000 rads/five fractions) to the tumor and mediastinum. Maintenance chemotherapy began in Week 12 with cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks) and lomustine (70 mg/m2 orally every 6 weeks). Twelve patients were evaluable for response and toxicity (eight with limited disease). There were three complete response and seven partial responses after induction chemotherapy. After completion of the consolidation radiation therapy, all 12 patients had a response: six complete responses and six partial responses. Acute toxic effects included nausea and vomiting in eight patients, fever in five, and hypotension and angina in one. Subacute toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, and dehydration in two patients who required hospitalization, prolonged aplasia in one, reversible radiation esophagitis in three. Three patients had radiation pneumonitis including one with bilateral diffuse disease that led to death from respiratory failure. Only two of 12 patients received their maintenance therapy on schedule. Treatment failures occurred within the LCI field in seven patients and in distant metastatic sites in six. The median time to first relapse was 7 months and the median survival was 9 months. Because of toxicity, treatment delays, and poor survival in this group of patients, we cannot recommend this combined modality approach.
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PMID:Upper hemibody and local chest irradiation as consolidation following response to high-dose induction chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma--a pilot study. 628 19

A 55-year-old man with a subacute onset of slurred speech, ataxia, nystagmus, extrapyramidal rigidity, decreased tendon reflexes, vomiting, bilateral optic atrophy, and clonic jerks died of bronchopneumonia and respiratory failure. Neuropathological examination showed lesions characteristic of subacute necrotizing encephalopathy. Clinicopathological observations of reported cases of Leigh's syndrome in the adult are reviewed.
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PMID:Leigh's syndrome in an adult. 652 Jun 17

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed.
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PMID:Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant. 661 79

This report describes a patient who accidentally ingested 215 g of chlordane in a liquid pesticide formulation. The patient experienced multiple acute clinical sequellae attributable to his acute intoxication, including vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, coma and respiratory failure. Upon initial presentation and during the recovery phase, blood and urine specimens were collected to measure the disposition and elimination of chlordane and its metabolites. Whole blood chlordane concentrations measured over the subsequent 49 days suggested a multicompartmental kinetic profile of chlordane distribution, with an approximate terminal elimination half-life of 34 days. Tissue samples obtained from this patient, during elective surgery 58 days post chlordane ingestion, revealed persistent high levels of chlordane related metabolites. This case illustrates the physiological distribution and elimination of chlordane and its related metabolite residues after acute intoxication in an adult patient. Such information is important to improve the clinical management of patients acutely exposed to potentially lethal levels of pesticides.
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PMID:Acute chlordane intoxication. 665 71

A progressive pulmonary disease resulting in severe respiratory failure and death in an average of 3 weeks was diagnosed in 11 young Dalmatian dogs. The dogs were from 4 litters, all genetically related by a common ancestor. The initial clinical signs were tachypnea and noisy respiration. Respiratory distress developed shortly before death and was characterized by strenuous and rapid respirations, along with cyanosis and vomiting. On blood gas analysis, there were severe arterial hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and marked alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Radiographically, a diffuse pattern of alveolar, interstitial, and peribronchial densities was observed in the lungs. Most dogs developed pneumomediastinum and gastroesophageal intussusception in the terminal phase of the disease. There was no response to treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, diuretics, or oxygen. At necropsy, the lungs were wet, heavy, and relatively airless. Absence of 1 kidney in 2 dogs and severe internal hydrocephalus in 2 dogs were additional necropsy findings. Pulmonary histopathology included metaplasia and atypia of the alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium, a nonpurulent inflammatory reaction characterized mainly by mononuclear cells and macrophages, eosinophilic hyaline membrane formation, and focal pulmonary fibrosis. The histological manifestations were typical of acute lung injury. Clinically, the findings were consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), except for the relatively long course. No known risk factors for ARDS, such as trauma, toxin exposure, infection, or endotoxemia could be identified. The relationship of the other abnormalities (ie, renal aplasia, hydrocephalus) to the pulmonary disease also remains obscure. An inherited defect is suspected, because segregation analysis of the 4 litters suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.
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PMID:Lung injury leading to respiratory distress syndrome in young Dalmatian dogs. 767 17

An 8-month-old male infant, previously well, developed acute changes of consciousness associated with high fever, vomiting, and respiratory failure. Brain CT showed hypodensity of the brainstem, which had shown hyperechogenicity on brain ultrasonography. Brainstem encephalitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was diagnosed, based on the clinical presentation, neuroimaging and paired serological examinations. The patient expired eventually due to central failure. We suggest that EBV infection should be a differential diagnosis in cases of brainstem encephalitis.
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PMID:Fatal brainstem encephalitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. 772 87

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%) abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/mm3) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1-3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children. Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology. 781 97

Zolpidem is a new short acting hypnotic agent, first launched in France in 1988. Three hundred forty-four cases of intentional acute overdoses are reviewed retrospectively. Patients were predominantly female (70%) in their third or fourth decade. Ingested doses of zolpidem ranged between 10 and 1400 mg (one pack or less in 80%). Half of the patients ingested other substances (psychotropic drugs and alcohol) concomitantly. Signs of intoxication were observed in two thirds of the population but could be attributed to zolpidem in only 105 cases: drowsiness (N = 89) occurred at doses of 140 to 440 mg; coma (N = 4) or respiratory failure (N = 1). Other symptoms were rare (excepted vomiting, N = 7). Of the rare electrocardiographic or biological abnormalities, none appeared to be directly related to zolpidem. Therapy for intoxication was usually limited to supportive measures and/or gastric lavage. Symptoms of intoxication rapidly remitted in 91% of cases. Three percent of patients with multiple drug ingestion recovered despite severe complications during intensive care. Fatalities were reported for 6% but could not be directly linked to zolpidem. Previous published reports are confirmed: zolpidem acute overdose is generally benign and requires no specific therapeutic measures.
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PMID:Acute zolpidem poisoning--analysis of 344 cases. 805 98

During January 1987 and December 1990 we studied 85 patients (75 males), the age varying between 6 and 47 years (mean 27.6) sustaining penetrating (81 patients) and blunt (4 patients) gastric wounds. The mortality rate was 17.6% (15 patients) with four deaths occurring during the surgical procedure as consequence of critical associated injuries. Only one death happened as consequence of gastric wound; 6 patients died during the first 24 hours of hospitalization because of irreversible shock, 9 deaths came about after the first day of hospitalization (4 sepsis, 3 respiratory failure, 2 head trauma). The morbidity rate among the 81 patients that survived after surgical treatment was 39.5% (32 patients). The main postoperative gastric complication was vomiting in 10 patients (5 presenting vagus nerve injury and 5 sustaining pancreatic and/or another hollow viscus wounds) one patient presented with gastric suture dehiscence. Among the 12 patients sustaining vagus nerve injury the presence of gastric complication was higher in the group that was not submitted to pyloroplasty (6 patients). Analysing the patients presenting gastric and pancreatic injuries we verified that morbidity rate was statistically significantly higher in this group (69.2%) than in overall morbidity (39.5%).
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PMID:[Gastric wounds: study of 85 patients]. 824 1


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