Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in the pediatric patient is a frequently recognized problem. Unlike the adult, in whom symptoms relating to esophagitis predominate, the infant and child may present with a variety of respiratory problems, vomiting and/or growth failure. GER is often seen in association with other conditions and must be considered in the evaluation of any pediatric patient with chronic recurring respiratory problems, vomiting or failure to thrive (FTT). Thirty-eight pediatric patients have been surgically managed at West Virginia University from 1977-1983 for GER. The patients fall into several different patterns of presentation and associated problems. Nine premature infants all with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have undergone fundoplication for FTT, worsening BPD, and pneumonia. Seven infants and two older children had GER associated with previous esophageal atresia repairs. Esophagitis, vomiting and growth failure were the predominant complaints in this group, though all nine patients had recurring respiratory symptoms as well. Syndromes involving mental retardation and neurologic dysfunction affected another group of five patients, all of whom presented with the complications of long-term esophagitis. The remaining 15 children were otherwise healthy infants who had predominantly respiratory symptoms due to GER. The benefits of fundoplication in these severely affected infants and children far outweigh the relatively few complications. In the carefully selected patient, surgical management of GER is dramatically successful.
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PMID:Patterns of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux. 398 87

Three female infants with citrullinemia were followed clinically, biochemically and by electroencephalography. All three had episodes of vomiting, lethargy and hyperammonemia shortly after birth. The two more severe cases developed convulsions. They were saved by peritoneal dialysis, or repeated exchange transfusions followed by dietary adjustment. Multifocal spikes or repetitive paroxysmal activity of various kinds were seen in the EEGs at times of crisis. There was a lag in the EEG returning to normal after ammonia levels had returned to normal. Citrulline remained elevated in all cases. Follow-up over years revealed mild spasticity, mental retardation and, in one case, cortical atrophy.
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PMID:The EEGs of infants with citrullinemia. 399 77

The authors performed galactose loading tests in children suffering from chronic diseases: recurrent bronchitis vomiting, diarrhoea, milk-intolerance, somatic and mental retardation, cramps. In 32 of the 92 examined cases galactose levels rose until pathological, pseudo- diabetic levels. Stillbirth, cataract, hyperbilirubinaemia, convulsions occurred among family members of 10 patients. Galactose-1-phosphat-uridyl-transferase levels were decreased only in 4 of the 17 patients examined. In the other cases some different pathway of galactose metabolism is suspected. Complete remission of symptoms was achieved with diet devoid of milk sugar (lactose) in 29 patients: one infant died and two others remained mentally retarded. According to the examinations presented minor deviations of galactose metabolism cause clinical symptoms more frequently in early life as it was supposed until now.
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PMID:[Galactose loading test in infants and small children suffering in recurrent bronchitis and other chronic illness (author's transl)]. 611 85

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental treatments under nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation carried out during 1 yr by the first 45 Swedish dentists trained at probationary courses in the use of the technique. Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the risk and incidence of side effects. Data from 1719 treatment sessions in 823 patients, mainly children, were analyzed. Standardized sedation technique was used and the maximum level of nitrous oxide administered was set at 60%. About 90% of the patients showed excellent or fair acceptance. Factors influencing the acceptance were the patient's age, history of psychiatric disorders, mental retardation and occurrence of side effects. In 4.5% of the treatment sessions the patient experienced side effects, e.g. restlessness, vomiting or nausea, during treatment and in 0.9% after the treatment session. The side effects were mainly mild. No correlation was found between side effects and the nitrous oxide concentration used, length of treatment, patient's age or health classification. It is concluded that nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation is an excellent and safe aid to dental care.
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PMID:Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation in dental care. 658 Sep 99

The authors report the combination of achalasia, microcephaly, and mental retardation in three surviving sisters and similar manifestations in a brother who died after recurrent vomiting and respiratory infections. The achalasia in the females was relieved with an operation. There was no demonstrable chromosomal abnormality. In this family achalasia, microcephaly, and mental retardation occurred together as an apparent autosomal recessive syndrome.
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PMID:Achalasia and microcephaly. 721 47

Six patients (3 children and 3 adults) with the clinical and biochemical features of Bartter's syndrome are presented. Pediatric cases included a more severe form, in one patient, with physical and mental retardation, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, and a less severe one, including two patients, with milder clinical features, low calcium and high magnesium excretion and hypomagnesiemia. Adult patients were affected by either the mild congenital form (case n. 4) or the acquired variety (cases n.5 and 6). Tubular function was investigated in the 3 adults by assessing clearance measurements during maximal diuresis. There was a defective fractional distal solute reabsorption (FDR) ranging between 0.52 and 0.60. This was well below the results obtained in one patient with psychogenous vomiting (FDR 0.94) and comparable to those in two patients with interstitial nephropathies caused by vesico-ureteral reflux (FDR 0.63 and 0.67 respectively). We concluded that: 1) the etiopathogenetic spectrum of Bartter's syndrome corresponds to different clinical presentation (mild, heavy, congenital or acquired varieties), and alterations in mineral and electrolyte renal handling; 2) reduction in FDR is a feature neither essential nor exclusive of this syndrome.
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PMID:[Bartter's syndrome in children and adults. Study of 6 cases]. 770 8

Hormonal imbalances in utero may render males more vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) than females. Since hormonal activity can be influenced by photoperiod, the relationship between season of conception and incidence of ND in offspring was examined within 11,578 mother/child pairs. Fall conception significantly elevated the odds for mental retardation, reading, arithmetic disability, or performance aptitude deficits (but not seizures, articulation disorder, cerebral palsy, or verbal aptitude deficits), and decreased the odds for reading talent (even when socioeconomic class, prenatal visits, infections, fever, vomiting, edema, anemia, and weight loss were covaried). Since the seasonality effect was not stronger in males, and was not specific to those NDs caused by left hemisphere dysfunction, the predictions of Geschwind and Galaburda (1985a, 1985b, 1985c) were not confirmed.
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PMID:Fall conception increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorder in offspring. 783 99

Familial dysautonomia, also known as Riley-Day syndrome, is a disorder of autonomic nervous system with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Reduction and/or loss of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers is found, as reduction of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in blood. The diagnosis is based on clinical features: diminished lacrimation, insensitivity to pain, poor temperature control, abolished deep tendon reflexes, postural hypotension, vomiting attacks, poor motor coordination, and mental retardation. The treatment is symptomatic and many children die during the first years of life, usually as a result of repeated aspiration pneumonia. We report the case of a 1 year-old child with familial dysautonomia.
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PMID:Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome). 800 97

A 49-year-old female with mental retardation was admitted with suspected renal insufficiency with a raised creatinine (5.1 mg/dl), hyperkalaemia (5.6 mmol/l), and a 12-hour history of diffuse abdominal pain and persistent vomiting. On admission, she had a haematoma around the right shoulder and arm-pit, swelling of the right upper-arm, and severe limitation of movement of the right hand. These injuries were the result of trauma some 5 days previously. She was a long-term inpatient in a psychiatric clinic, with a history of autoaggressive behaviour, which had led to several fractures in the past as a result of falls. The creatinine kinase was elevated to 6680 U/l. The suspected diagnosis of acute oliguric renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis was confirmed by the presence of marked myoglobinuria (409 ng/ml). Because of the delay in diagnosis, acute renal failure developed, and the patient required haemodialysis for 20 days. Because of their many predisposing factors, psychiatric patients represent a special risk group for development of rhabdomyolysis, recognition of which is often delayed.
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PMID:[Acute myoglobinuric kidney failure as a consequence of autoaggressive behavior in mental retardation]. 803 54

From 1982 to 1991, there were 57 patients diagnosed with various intracranial disorders manifested initially with acute hemiplegia at the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital. There were 33 boys and 24 girls, aged 12 days to 18 years old. In etiological consideration, cerebrovascular disease (66.7%), intracranial tumors (12.3%) and head trauma (10.5%) accounted for most of the cases. Besides acute hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsy (47.4%), disturbed consciousness (42.1%), headache (42.1%), vomiting (31.6%), focal seizure (21.1%) and fever (21.1%) were also common manifestations. Neuroimage studies of CT/MRI scan and angiography were the most useful diagnostic tools. Treatment modalities included medical treatment in 25 patients and surgical intervention in 16 patients and supportive treatment in the others. There were 12 fatal cases, half of whom died directly of intracranial pathology. The survivors exhibited various neurological deficits, in which motor deficits, mental retardation, and subsequent seizures were the three most common sequelae.
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PMID:Acute hemiplegia in infancy and childhood. 817 42


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