Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Miconazole at dosages up to 30 mg/kg/day was given intravenously to seven patients with complicated courses of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Six had received treatment with amphotericin B previously and five of these patients could be evaluated for the efficacy of the treatment. In three patients the condition failed to respond to therapy, another patient required intratracheal administration of amphotericin B later, and the fifth patient had an equivocal response to treatment. Severe phlebitis, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, hyperlipidemia, and thrombocytosis were frequent side effects. These limited unfavorable results indicate that until controlled studies demonstrate its safety and efficacy, therapy with miconazole should be reserved for highly selected patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis who cannot receive amphotericin B.
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PMID:Miconazole for treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unfavorable experience. 65 56

A 19-year-old man presented with dyspnea, cough and chest pains; he also complained of nausea, anorexia and postprandial vomiting and reported a 10-kg weight loss. Generalized lymphadenopathy and some rales over both lung bases were noted and a chest radiograph showed bilateral nodular lesions. Persistent leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, proteinuria and anergy to a series of natural antigens were found. The diagnosis of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia was made from material obtained at open lung biopsy. Rapid but incomplete clearing of the lung lesions resulted from steroid therapy; the other abnormalities were corrected gradually, except for the proteinuria, which persisted. The clinical improvement and the ability to work and play have been maintained for the past 20 months.
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PMID:Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. 126 92

We describe a 22-month-old boy with iron deficiency anemia and reactive thrombocytosis who developed vomiting, headache, mental status changes, and seizures. Computed tomography showed infarction of the basal ganglia and thalami. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral venous thrombosis, delineated the extent of the vascular and associated parenchymal involvement, showed the infarcts to be hemorrhagic (a finding not imaged by computed tomography due to our patient's depressed hemoglobin level), and obviated the need for invasive angiography.
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PMID:Cerebral venous thrombosis in a child with iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis. 230 75

Imipenem-cilastatin was evaluated for tolerability and efficacy in a multicenter open, noncomparative trial involving 178 infants and children with bacterial infections. Imipenemcilastatin was administered in total daily dosages of 100 mg/kg for patients up to 3 years of age and 60 mg/kg for those more than 3 years of age. Favorable clinical response was achieved in 98 of 100 patients judged evaluable for efficacy. Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). Changes in laboratory test values reported most frequently were thrombocytosis (8.9%), elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (7.9%) and alanine aminotransferase (5.6%) and eosinophilia (8.4%). This safety profile appears to be comparable to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover imipenem-cilastatin was effective in infections caused by a broad spectrum of pathogens that include Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and anaerobes. These attributes suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be safe and effective in selected pediatric patients.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin in pediatric patients: an overview of safety and efficacy in studies conducted in the United States. 268 88

A case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with iron deficiency anemia due to colon cancer is reported in a 37-year-old woman. Her initial symptoms were vomiting and severe headache. On physical examination, no lymph nodes and abdominal mass were palpable but marked anemia was noted in her skin and conjunctiva . Neurological examination revealed papilledema in her both eyes and stiff neck. There was no abnormal findings on CT scan on admission. Spinal puncture revealed CSF pressure as high as 620 mmH2O with normal cells, protein, sugar and chloride levels. Hematological examination revealed iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis. Angiography at third day revealed no sinus occlusion, but retention of contrast media was seen on the cortical vein of parietal lobe and right transverse sinus. Brain scintigram at sixth day revealed mild accumulation in left parietal lobe, so small venous infarction was suggested. There were two circumscribed stenotic lesions of right ascending colon in the barium enema, and right hemicolectomy was achieved. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. The symptoms of pseudotumor cerebri was completely disappeared soon after the surgery together with resolution of anemia. She lives with no deficits now 1 year 3 months after surgery. In conclusion much attention is necessary to a patient of pseudotumor cerebri with iron deficiency anemia for the presence of cancer, because not only this central nervous system lesion is reversible and curable but also the cancer itself may be curable by surgery.
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PMID:[A case of pseudotumor cerebri associated with colon cancer]. 280 39

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a newly developed oral cephem, were carried out in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics. 1. Since CPDX demonstrates very powerful antimicrobial actions against such Gram-negative bacilli as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., such Gram-positive cocci as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, this drug was thought to be useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases when main causative bacteria in the field of pediatrics were taken into account. 2. When changes in blood and urine concentrations of CPDX following the administration of this drug at 3.7 mg/kg before meal were determined, Cmax and T1/2 were found to be 2.98 micrograms/ml at 2-hour and 1.73 hours, respectively; an urinary excretion rate in the first 6 hours and a maximum urine concentration were 32.5% and 52 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Clinically, 8 of 8 patients with the upper respiratory tract infections (100%), 28 of 29 patients with bronchitis and/or pneumonia (96.6%), 3 of 4 patients with otitis media (75%), 2 of 2 patients with sinusitis (100%), 3 of 3 patients with the skin soft tissue infections (100%), 1 of 1 patient with bacterial enteritis (100%) and 11 of 14 patients with urinary tract infections (78.6%) responded well to the treatment with CPDX-PR, showing a 91.8% efficacy rate in all the patients treated. 4. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were all eradicated from 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 5, 5, 11 and 1 patient, respectively. An eradication rate in all the patients examined was 97.5% (39/40). 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared as side effects in 2 of 71 patients (vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1), hence, an incidence of side effects was 2.8% (2/71). As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in 3 of 39 patients examined (7.7%), 1 of 39 patients (2.6%) and 2 of 34 patients (5.9%), respectively. In addition, we also examined the effect of the drug on the hemostatic system, but found no changes upon the treatment. Based on these results, it appeared that CPDX-PR was a useful and safe drug in treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics when administered 2-3 times a day at a dose of 3-6 mg/kg.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 29

A parenteral cephem antibiotic ceftriaxone (CTRX) was studied for its pharmacokinetic features and clinical efficacy and safety in various infections in neonates including premature infants at 11 institutions associated with Japan Perinatal Infection Research Group. The following results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Following single intravenous bolus injections with 10 and 20 mg/kg of CTRX, serum levels of the drug at 30 minutes post-dose 36-42 micrograms/ml and 46-76 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those at 12 hours post-dose were 10-14 micrograms/ml and 13-21 micrograms/ml, respectively, in a total of 105 neonates. Serum levels detected were on very gentle descending curves. 2. Half-lives (T 1/2) of the drug in serum were significantly prolonged in 0-3 day age groups of both mature and premature infants: it was especially long in premature infants with age of 0-3 days; i.e., 17.1 hours. There was no difference in T 1/2 between the 4-7 day and 8-28 day age groups. 3. Urinary excretion rates were 20-30% in the first 6 hours post-dose and 30-40% in 12 hours post-dose, in 80 neonates examined. 4. Clinical efficacy: Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 112 of 168 enrolled excluding infants with 90 days of age or older, who were treated for prophylaxis and unevaluable cases. The safety was evaluated in 161 of the 168. (1) Demographic background of the 112 cases: The 112 cases were composed of 89 neonates with ages of 28 days or younger, 21 premature infants, 57 males and 55 females. The drug was given to 102 of the cases by intravenous bolus injection, with 81 cases administered twice a day and 97 cases receiving 10-50 mg/kg a day. (2) Efficacy rate in the 112 cases: In 60 cases for whom causative pathogens were identified the efficacy rate was 90.0% in total (excellent: 31/60; good: 23/60); efficacy rates of 87.5% were obtained in 8 cases with purulent meningitis and 90.9% in 11 with septicemia. In 52 with causative pathogen not identified, the efficacy rate was 96.2% in total (excellent: 21/52; good: 29/52). (3) Adverse reaction: Adverse reactions were noted in 14 of the 161 cases where the safety was evaluated (8.7%). These reactions included diarrhea in 11, vomiting in 2 and exanthema in 1. Abnormalities in laboratory test values were observed in 25 of the 152 cases (16.4%). They included eosinophilia in 14, elevated GOT in 4 and thrombocytosis in 3 etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in neonates]. 307 15

The antibacterial efficacy of ceftriaxone (CTRX) against group B Streptococcus and its clinical efficacy in newborns were examined, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. MIC's of CTRX against 55 strains of B group Streptococcus from the pregnant vagina were 0.10 micrograms/ml or lower. 2. Efficacies of CTRX were good to excellent in 8 cases administered for treatment, 3 cases for prophylaxis and 1 for observation of adverse reactions. Observed adverse reactions included diarrhea in 4 cases and vomiting in 2 cases. As abnormal laboratory parameters, eosinophilia and thrombocytosis were observed in 1 case each. 3. An examination of intestinal bacteria in 9 cases revealed that CTRX gave as much influence to the flora as other third-generation cephems. 4. An examination for the vitamin K deficiency in 11 cases found a prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) in 3 cases and protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA) II positive in 2 cases. 5. Testing of platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in 7 cases showed little influence of CTRX.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates]. 328 23

Subjects were in-patients with bacterial urinary tract infections, ranging in age 4 months to 11 years 4 months. As a rule, daily dose was either four 125 mg (in potency) suppositories or four 125 mg (in potency) oral form given at 6-hour intervals over a period of 5 days. The number of children subjected to this study was 105. These children were divided into 2 groups (suppository 54; oral form 51) with matched pretreatment background factors. Therapeutic effectiveness rates were 70.4% for the suppository and 66.7% for the oral form, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. Rates of efficacy by severity, presence or absence of underlying and/or complication diseases, daily dose and causative microorganisms did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in time-courses of improvement of clinical signs and symptoms between the 2 groups. Eradication rates for causative microorganisms were 65.9% for the suppository and 62.5% for the oral form. Most frequently isolated causative microorganisms were Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. No significant differences were recognized in the therapeutic effect and usefulness evaluated by physicians in charge. The frequency of side effects did not differ significantly between the suppository group (6 with diarrhea and 1 with anal pain: 12.1%) and the oral form group (5 with diarrhea, 1 with displeasure and 1 with vomiting: 12.7%). Abnormal laboratory findings appeared in 6 cases (2 with eosinophilia, 2 with increased GOT and 2 with increased GPT) in the suppository group and 7 cases (2 with eosinophilia, 2 with thrombocytosis, 2 with increased GOT and 1 with increased GPT) in the oral form group.
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PMID:[Comparative, controlled study on an ampicillin suppository (KS-R 1) with an oral form of ampicillin in urinary tract infections]. 330 42

Intravenous miconazole can produce responses in patients with various manifestations of coccidioidal disease, even if they have failed to respond to amphotericin B. In 4 large series of 33, 33, 46 and 31 courses of miconazole for skin and soft tissue, chronic pulmonary, meningeal and skeletal coccidioidomycosis, response rates of 40, 72, 31 and 32%, respectively, were achieved; 60, 75, 78 and 56%, respectively, of those responding subsequently relapsed at the site(s) of earlier involvement. This suggests that the therapeutic effect of the relatively brief courses used (mean, 1 to 3 months) is fungistatic in vivo. Common side effects of intravenous miconazole include phlebitis, pruritus, anaemia, thrombocytosis, hyponatraemia, nausea, hyperlipidaemia, vomiting, central nervous system effects, and rashes. The place of miconazole relative to amphotericin B and ketoconazole has not been determined, and requires further comparative studies. Information on the results of different regimens, particularly longer courses, would also be of interest.
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PMID:Miconazole in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. 635 86


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