Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 28 adult patients with unresectable, disseminated gastrointestinal cancer FU pharmacokinetics as well as hematological and gastrointestinal side-effects of the therapy were evaluated to determine it they were circadian-stage dependent. FU was given as a bolus i.v. injection (15 mg/kg) 4 times at 0100, 0700, 1300, and 1900 at intervals of at least 96h in a changing sequence. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated on the basis of drug concentration in the serum, measured by the gas-chromatography method. Hematological side-effects were evaluated on the basis of white blood cell and thrombocyte count. Gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea graded in own 0-2 scale) was evaluated after the therapy. The single-cosinor analysis was applied for both detection and characterization of circadian rhythms. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of FU depend on the time of injection with the highest drug biotransformation at midday and early afternoon. 2. The highest white blood cell count following FU administration was noted after the night injection (0100), though the time of administration did not affect thrombocyte count and gastrointestinal side-effects.
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PMID:Circadian rhythm of 5-fluorouracil (FU) pharmacokinetics and tolerance. 235 Sep 85

A phase II study on THP((2''R)-4'-0-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin) was performed in 47 patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer through the cooperation of nine institutions in Hiroshima Prefecture from April 1982 to November 1984. THP was given by means of intravenous infusion and/or intraaortic infusion and the 47 cases were divided into two groups according to the method of administration: (A) 40-60 mg/body every 3 or 4 weeks, or (B) 30 mg/body every week. Among 24 evaluable cases, partial response (PR) was observed in two cases of recurrent metastatic lymph nodes in gastric cancer patients. The (A) method of administration was more effective than (B). Subjective side effects observed were appetite loss, nausea, vomiting and general fatigue, but these were not so severe. Leukocyte nadir occurred at the 1st or 2nd week of THP administration, but thrombocytes were not appreciably decreased.
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PMID:[Phase II study of THP patients with gastrointestinal cancer]. 394 11

A phase II study on MCNU (Methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) was performed in 33 patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer under the cooperation of eight institutions in Hiroshima Prefecture. MCNU was given by means of intravenous drip infusion and the 33 cases were divided into three groups according to the method of administration; (A) 50mg/m2 every 1 or 2 weeks, (B) 70mg/m2 every 2 weeks or (C) 90mg/m2 every 6-8 weeks. Among 28 evaluable cases, 1 complete response (CR) and 1 partial response (PR) were observed and these two cases were gastric cancer patients. Platelet nadir occurred at the 3rd or fifth week after MCNU administration, but the leukocyte count was not so decreased. Subjective side effects were nausea, general fatigue and vomiting, but these were observed to be only mild.
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PMID:[Phase II study on MCNU in patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer]. 403 10

The levels of anticancer drugs in tissue were measured by bioassay method in 28 patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who were treated with intravenous administration of 500 mg of 5-FU combined with ANG-II during surgery. The levels of 5-FU in the cancerous tissue of the stomach and the regional lymph nodes were higher in the cases who received 5-FU and ANG-II than in the cases received 5-FU alone. Based on this result, we carried out cancer chemotherapy combined with ANG-II for 15 patients with advanced cancer. The good clinical response was observed in 4 out of 15 cases (26.7%) including 2 complete (CR) and 2 partial responses (PR), respectively. According to Karnofsky's criteria of response, more than I-A response was observed in 5 out of 15 cases (33.3%). The major side effects of ANG-II therapy were nausea, vomiting and breast pain. The incidence of the side effects was 8.7% in total.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cancer chemotherapy combined with angiotensin-II (ANG-II)]. 682 Sep 24

During the period of January 1, 1957 to January 1, 1982, complete inpatient and outpatient records of 62 cases of synchronous cancers of the gastrointestinal tract were submitted for a retrospective analysis. The total number of gastrointestinal cancer cases from the Saint Francis General Hospital and two affiliating hospitals was 1,550 with a resultant synchronous cancer incidence of 4 percent. In this small series of 62 cases, the operability rate was 100 percent, with a resectability rate of 96 percent. The surgical morbidity and mortality rates were 12 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively.The most frequent clinical manifestations were pain, borborygmi, nausea, vomiting, food intolerance, dysphagia, hematemesis, rectal bleeding, and weight loss.The five and ten year survival in the synchronous group was 82 percent and 64 percent, respectively, as compared with 36.1 percent and 27.8 percent for the single malignant group.
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PMID:Synchronous cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: results, diagnosis, and treatment. 685 66

In this study we compared 293 patients with cancer pain undergoing treatment in the years 1987 until 1993. 165 patients (55.7%) suffering from cancer localized at the organs of gastrointestinal tract. Comparing the therapeutic results of WHO pattern with patients after implantation of port systems with epidural or intrathecal catheters and portable external morphine pumps we found at port-patients a significant lower number of side effects like nausea, vomiting, obstipation and weariness. Furthermore we noted at port-patients lower values of pain score (VAS). We think the high incidence of uncomfortable side effects of drugs at patients with gastrointestinal cancer may be caused by the type of special illness. Therefore we discuss the possibility of an earlier use of the method of port implantation at special indications.
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PMID:[Pain therapy of tumor patients with special reference to tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. WHO staged schedule versus para-spinal analgesia techniques]. 752 43

The effect of combining the oxygen-transport-modifying drug BW12C with mitomycin C was investigated in a phase 1 study of 26 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. The dose of BW12C was increased from 20 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg. Dose-limiting toxicity of vomiting was experienced at doses greater than 50 mg/kg. This corresponded to whole blood levels > or = 700 micrograms/ml and to > 50% haemoglobin modification. Whole blood concentrations of BW12C and modification of the haemoglobin oxygen saturation curve were linearly dependent on dose. BW12C whole blood pharmacokinetics were best described by a one-compartment model and were clearly dose-dependent. The half-life increased from 2.1 h at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 7.2 h at a dose of 60 mg/kg. The AUC increased in a similar non-linear fashion with increasing dose. Mitomycin C was given at a fixed dose of 20 mg/m2 at the end of the BW12C infusion. Mitomycin C plasma pharmacokinetics fitted a two-compartment model, giving a mean beta half-life of 50 +/- 7 min and AUC of 1.1 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml h, and were unaffected by the combined treatment. There was no evidence of increased mitomycin C toxicity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of BW12C and mitomycin C, given in combination in a phase 1 study in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. 846 26

The response rate of advanced gastric cancer to cisplatin monotherapy averages 20% and in colorectal cancer no activity of cisplatin monotherapy has been detected in initial studies. Cytarabine is ineffective in gastric cancer and displays borderline activity in colorectal cancer. In vitro studies on cell lines from human digestive cancers have demonstrated a dose and timing dependent enhancing effect of cytarabine on cisplatin antitumor activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this enhancing activity can also be demonstrated in vivo. We have treated 37 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer (21 gastric and 16 colorectal), poorly differentiated G3-G4. The treatment included-Day 1: cytarabine 500 mg/m2 0 h and 12 h, cisplatin 15 mg/m2 6 h and 18 h. Day 2-4:cisplatin 30 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Thirty four patients were evaluable for objective response. The overall response rate was 16.7% (CR 2/18, PR 1/18, SD 5/18, PD 10/18) for patients with gastric cancer and 25% (CR 1/16, PR 3/16, SD 7/16, PD 5/16) for patients with colorectal cancer. Grade 4 anemia (WHO criteria) occurred in 1/37 and thrombocytopenia in 1/37 patients. These patients had previous adjuvant chemotherapy. Vomiting grade 3 occurred in 4/37 and hepatotoxicity grade 3 in 1/37 patients. There were no toxic deaths. Our study did not demonstrate any enhancement of cisplatin activity by high dose cytarabine in advanced gastric cancer. There appears to be an enhancing activity on colorectal cancer although true synergism can not be ruled out since cytarabine has a borderline activity in this type of human cancer.
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PMID:Pilot study of enhancement of cisplatin activity by high dose cytarabine in advanced gastric and colorectal (G3/G4) cancer. 893 44

Combination chemotherapy of Furtulon/low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) was administered to 13 patients with unresectable advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma (including 4 cases of gastric cancer, 6 of colorectal cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer, 1 of hepatic cancer, and 1 of esophageal cancer). All patients were unresectable due to poor performance status (PS > 3) or metastasis. They were treated with Furtulon 1,200 mg/day orally on days 1-10 followed by 4 drug-free days, every 2 weeks, and CDDP 3.5 mg/m2/day, on days 1-5 by i.v. followed by 2 drug-free days every 4 weeks repeatedly. An average of 2-3 cycles were used. Six out of 13 patients had a partial response, 5 had no change, and 2 had progressive disease. The response rate was 46% and median survival time was 320 days. After chemotherapy, there was an increase in appetite and body weight in 11 patients (85%), and the patients maintained a good performance status and quality of life. Moreover no renal dysfunction occurred after treatment with CDDP. There was no high-grade toxicity over grade 2, only slight nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. From the present study, combination chemotherapy of Furtulon/low-dose CDDP seems to be effective for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer, and to have improved their quality of life (QOL).
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of effects and improvement in quality of life from palliative therapy of combination chemotherapy with Furtulon and consecutive low-dose cisplatin in cases of unresectable advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma]. 1124 47

While a sensation of thirst causes severe distress for a certain proportion of cancer patients in the terminal stage, the factors contributing to this symptom have not been established. To clarify the association between sensation of thirst and medical factors, especially dehydration, a cross-sectional observational study was performed on terminally ill cancer patients receiving inpatient hospice care. On admission to a palliative care unit, 88 consecutive patients underwent blood sampling and were requested to rate the intensity of thirst on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Physicians prospectively evaluated factors that might potentially be contributing to the symptom. The mean VAS score for thirst was 5.0+/-2.8, and 18% of the patients complained of severe thirst with a VAS score of > or = 8. No significant correlations were observed between the VAS score for thirst and the values of total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium, osmolality, hematocrit, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and biochemical dehydration defined by the levels of BUN, creatinine, sodium and osmolality. On the other hand, dehydration defined by ANP level (< or = 15 pg/ml), hyperosmolality (> or = 300 mosmol/kg), gastrointestinal cancer, survival, performance status, oral intake, vomiting, and stomatitis were significantly associated with the severity of thirst. In addition, mouth breathing and opioids were determined to be a potential clinical cause of severe thirst when a retrospective chart review was carried out. In conclusion, sensation of thirst is a frequent symptom in terminally ill cancer patients and is associated with dehydration, hyperosmolality, poor general conditions, stomatitis, oral breathing, and opioids. Careful assessments and treatment of underlying causes is important to alleviate patients' distress.
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PMID:Determinants of the sensation of thirst in terminally ill cancer patients. 1140 Oct 96


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