Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the recent cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) reported have occurred in menstruating women and adolescents although some cases have been reported in nonmenstruating women, children, and men. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea and can rapidly progress to hypotension and shock. Tampon use has been linked to development of toxic shock syndrome, and Staphylococcus aureus has been cultured from a significant number of cases. The exact roles played by both Staphylococcus aureus and tampons in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome remains unknown. Tampons also have been associated with other health problems in women. Nurses can advise preventive measures to reduce the risks of developing toxic shock syndrome and other tampon-related problems.
 ...
PMID:Toxic shock syndrome and other tampon related risks. 655 45

The toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) is a recently recognized syndrome characterized by sudden onset of high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea with rapid progression to hypotension and shock. It is caused by one or more not yet clearly defined exotoxins from staphylococcus aureus. The disease primarily affects young women using tampons during their menstrual periods, although it occurs also in non-menstruating women and in men. In these cases extragenital staphylococcus aureus infections are found. Since 1981 the toxic-shock syndrome associated with menstruation has occurred less frequently, whereas the non-menses-related toxic-shock syndrome appears with similar frequency. The syndrome resembles Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) in several aspects, namely fever, rash with subsequent desquamation, and cardiovascular involvement. However, shock, which is prominent in toxic-shock syndrome, is not usually seen in Kawasaki disease.
 ...
PMID:[Toxic shock syndrome]. 684 Oct 81

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine used for 2000 years. It was applied externally for treatment of arthritis and inflammatory tissue swelling in early years. Recently, this drug has been found to have immunosuppressive effects which could successfully induce remission of some autoimmune disorders without obvious adverse effects. Although there are side effects of gastrointestinal upset, infertility and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, little information about lethal toxicities has been reported. A case is presented here of a previously healthy young man who developed profuse vomiting and diarrhea, leukopenia, renal failure, profound hypotension and shock after ingestion of an extract of TWHF. In addition to his hypovolemic shock, serial electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac enzyme studies, and echocardiography also showed some evidence of coexisting cardiac damage. He died of intractable shock 3 days after the abuse of TWHF. Further studies of the pathogenesis of peripheral collapse and possible cardiac toxicity, and determination of the therapeutic range of this drug are necessary before it is used extensively.
 ...
PMID:Hypovolemic shock and mortality after ingestion of Tripterygium wilfordii hook F.: a case report. 762 89

Toxic-shock-syndrome (TSS) is an acute febrile, exanthematous illness caused by toxins such as toxic-shock-syndrome-toxine-1 (TSST-1) and other endotoxines from staphylococcus aureus with an incidence of 0,5 per 100.000 inhabitants. Patients with menstrual toxic-shock-syndrome (menstrual-TSS) usually have TSS associated with menstruation and use of a vaginal device such as tampons. Other patients with non-menstrual toxic-shock-syndrome (non-menstrual-TSS) have a focus of staphylococcal infection such as a surgical wound infection or soft tissue abscess. TSS usually presents with fever, pharyngitis, diarrhoea, vomiting, myalgia and may progress rapidly (within hours) to signs of hypovolaemic hypotension and shock. In some cases TSS is associated with multisystem failure including shock, renal failure, myocardial failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome. In its acute phase the diagnosis of TSS is often uncertain because of its initial symptoms are non-specific and numerous conditions need to be considered in the differential diagnosis. But obviously less incidence, the signs and symptoms of toxic-shock-syndrome should be recognised early to permit successful therapy. The site of infection should be adequately drained and treated with antimicrobial therapy. Possible complications including ARDS and myocardial failure require a thorough understanding of its underlying pathophysiology to ensure appropriate intensive-care treatment. Only if appropriate therapy is instituted as early as possible, most of patients will be able to survive their toxic-shock-syndrome. In other cases TSS can be a rapidly progressive and perhaps lethal ending disease because of possible multiple organe failure such as ARDS.
 ...
PMID:[Special features of intensive care of toxic shock syndrome. Review and case report of a TSST-1 associated toxic-shock syndrome with adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure from a staphylococcal panaritium]. 1450 8

Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) B causes serious gastrointestinal illness, and intoxication with this exotoxin can lead to lethal toxic shock syndrome. In order to overcome significant shortcomings of current rodent and nonhuman primate models, we developed a piglet model of lethal SEB intoxication. Fourteen-day-old Yorkshire piglets were given intravenous SEB, observed clinically, and sacrificed at 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, or 96 hrs posttreatment. Clinical signs were biphasic with pyrexia, vomiting, and diarrhea within 4 hrs, followed by terminal hypotension and shock by 96 hrs. Mild lymphoid lesions were identified as early as 24 hrs, with severe lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and prominent Peyer's patches found by 72 hrs. Widespread edema-most prominent in the mesentery, between loops of spiral colon, and in retroperitoneal connective tissue-was found in animals at 72 hrs. Additional histologic changes included perivascular aggregates of large lymphocytes variably present in the lung and brain, circulating lymphoblasts, and lymphocytic portal hepatitis. Preliminary molecular investigation using gene array has uncovered several gene profile changes that may have implications in the pathophysiology leading to irreversible shock. Five genes were selected for further study, and all showed increased mRNA levels subsequent to SEB exposure. The use of this piglet model will continue to elucidate the pathogenesis of SEB intoxication and facilitate the testing of new therapeutic regimens that may better correlate with human lesions.
 ...
PMID:Functional piglet model for the clinical syndrome and postmortem findings induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. 1552 43