Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between March 1984 and May 1985, 29 patients with metastatic breast cancer and high-risk prognostic factors were treated with vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 IV on day 1, Adriamycin, 40 mg/m2 IV on day 1, and prednimustine, 100 mg/m2 PO on days 3 to 7. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks. At the present time, 26 patients are evaluable for tumor response; 29 are evaluable for toxicity. Fourteen of 26 patients (53.8%) achieved a partial response lasting 2 to 9 months (median 5.5+). A complete response was not recorded. Ten of 26 patients (38.5%) had stable disease; two patients (7.7%) showed a primary tumor progression. Most common side effects were nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, all generally mild to moderate. Fourteen of 29 patients developed leukocytopenia, mainly of WHO grade 1; thrombocytopenia was registered in one patient only and a fall of hemoglobin in three patients only. In 15 patients, no hematologic toxicity occurred. These preliminary data suggest good antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity for vincristine-Adriamycin-prednimustine in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:A preliminary analysis of combination therapy with vincristine, adriamycin, and prednimustine (VAP) in advanced breast cancer: a phase II study. 375 64

A 36-year-old housewife in the U.S.A. was diagnosed as having gastric cancer with meningeal carcinomatosis and admitted to our hospital in September, 1982. She had severe headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia and neck stiffness. She was treated by intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside and prednisolone, and by systemic chemotherapy using adriamycin and ftorafur, resulting in complete disappearance of cancer cells from the cerebrospinal fluid and partial response for the primary tumor. She lived for more than 1 year following the first symptoms of her disease and for 10 months following the initiation of chemotherapy. This case suggested the usefulness of employing an intrathecal chemotherapy using methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside with simultaneous systemic chemotherapy for meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Case report of meningeal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer successfully treated with intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy]. 391 54

This is a report on R.T.O.G. #77-07, a phase II pilot study aimed at determining the toxicity, primary tumor control, and survival achieved with a combination of triple-drug chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy in carcinoma of the esophagus. The drugs used were vincristine, bleomycin, and methotrexate. A total of 26 cases were registered, one of which died during chemotherapy; 11 had only one chemotherapy course, and 14 had two chemotherapy courses as planned. Drug toxicity could be evaluated in 23 patients: one died from liver damage secondary to chemotherapy effect (4%), two had nausea and vomiting (9%), one had weakness and skin rash (4%), and one had fever and vomiting (4%). There was no complete tumor response to chemotherapy in 22 evaluable cases; 12 of 22 (55%) showed some measurable tumor reduction. Radiation toxicity could be evaluated in 25 patients: 1 of 25 (4%) developed clinical pericarditis, and 2 of 25 (8%) developed severe esophagitis. A complete response to radiotherapy was observed in 15 of 25 (60%) patients; 7 of 25 (28%) showed a partial response; and 3 of 25 (12%) had no measurable tumor reduction. The median survival in 25 evaluable cases was 22 months. In 11 patients who received a single course of chemotherapy, the median survival was 19 months, while in 14 patients who received two courses of chemotherapy, the median survival was only 9 months. However, this difference is not statistically significant.
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PMID:Radiotherapy preceded by multidrug chemotherapy in carcinoma of the esophagus: a pilot study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. 615 19

Forty consecutive patients with local advanced cancer of the oral cavity and lip, heavily pretreated, were palliated with two courses of carboplatin, 400 mg/m2 intravenously once a month plus ftorafur, 500 mg/m2 daily per os for 30 days. Previous treatment consisted of surgery (17 patients), radiation therapy (23 patients), and chemotherapy with cisplatin plus bleomycin (15 patients). The main sites of primary tumor were the tongue (12 patients), hard palate (6 patients), retromolar area (6 patients), tonsils (6 patients), perioral skin and lip (5 patients), and floor of the mouth (5 patients). Complete response was observed in 3 patients, and partial response in 7. Symptomatic improvement was observed in 56% of the cases. Median duration of response was 9 months. Median survival was 7 months. The main toxic effects were nausea (39 cases), vomiting (35 cases), and thrombocytopenia (4 cases). We conclude that carboplatin plus ftorafur has a role as palliative chemotherapy in cancer of the oral cavity and lip in heavily pretreated patients when local therapies are not suitable.
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PMID:Carboplatin plus ftorafur as a palliative treatment in locally advanced cancer of the oral cavity and lip. 751 27

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of single-agent i.v. weekly Navelbine (vinorelbine), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, in women who had received no prior treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Of 68 patients entered into the study, 63 were adequate inclusions, assessable for toxicity and response by WHO criteria; the 5 patients who were not evaluated were excluded from analysis because they were found not to meet the eligibility criteria of the study. Navelbine was given as a weekly 30 mg/m2 short i.v. (20 minutes) infusion; treatment was continued until disease progression. The overall response rate was 44% (complete response 8%, partial response 36%). The response rate according to target was lymph nodes, 62.9%; liver, 50.0%; lung, 50.0%; skin, 37.5%; and primary tumor, 30.8%. The median duration of response was 17.9 weeks (range: 7-52 weeks). The median time to treatment failure was 12.9 weeks, and the median survival was 50.3 weeks. The 63 eligible patients received 501 cycles. The mean dose intensity was 76%. At least one episode of WHO grade 3/4 granulocytopenia was seen in 46% of the patients (13.6% of cycles). Significant nausea/vomiting was seen in only 5% of patients corresponding to 1% of cycles. Only 5% of patients developed WHO grade 3-4 constipation and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy was observed in 1.6% of patients. Alopecia was rare (6.3% of patients), and other side effects were uncommon. This study confirms that Navelbine has major single-agent antitumor activity as frontline therapy in advanced breast cancer. Given its excellent tolerance profile and low morbidity, it should be recommended for inclusion in first-line combination chemotherapy regimens.
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PMID:Phase II trial of weekly i.v. vinorelbine as a single agent in first-line advanced breast cancer chemotherapy. The Latin-American experience. 757 54

A liposome-entrapped liposome form of Adriamycin (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal toxicity than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 2 patients and sigmoid colon cancer in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia or cardiotoxicity, were observed in any of the patients. Although mild leukocytopenia (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 patient, anemia or thrombocytopenia did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 patient and stable disease in 1 patient. Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver, since the low toxicity of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.
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PMID:Intra-arterial liposomal adriamycin for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver. 758 1

A late phase II study of CPT-11 was conducted to evaluate the antitumor effect and toxicity of CPT-11 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer as a cooperative study of 19 institutions. From February 1990 to June 1992, 61 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study. Fifty-seven patients were evaluable for toxicity and 35 for response. CPT-11 was administered as a 100 mg/m2 weekly intravenous infusion (regimen A) or as a 150 mg/m2 every two weeks (regimen B). The response rate was 11.4% (4/35). The primary tumor showed a 10.3% (3/29) response and the liver metastases showed a 10.5% (2/19) response. The major toxicities were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. The incidences (> or = Grade 2) of leukopenia, anemia, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, alopecia and diarrhea were 61.4% (35/57), 56.1% (32/57), 70.2% (40/57), 56.1% (32/57), 40.4% (23/57) and 36.8% (21/57), respectively. The incidence of diarrhea was higher with regimen A than with regimen B, but the antitumor activity was no different between the two regimens. These results suggested that CPT-11 has some antitumor activity against advanced pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[A late phase II study of CPT-11, irinotecan hydrochloride, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. CPT-11 Study Group on Gastrointestinal Cancer]. 821 Feb 55

A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. Twenty-two patients (six female and 16 male) with advanced or metastatic disease were enrolled. None of them had received prior chemotherapy. Paclitaxel was administrated as a 3 h infusion of 175 mg/m2 at days 1 and 22, 5-FU 2000 mg/m2 i.v. over 24 h and folinic acid 500 mg/m2 i.v. 2 h prior to 5-FU weekly from days 1 to 36. Seven patients (32%) had partial remissions including the lungs, skin, lymph nodes and locally advanced primary tumor. The median overall survival was 11 months (range 1-17+) and the median progression-free interval was 8 months (range 1-13+). Neutropenia (WHO grade III/IV) occurred in 14% of patients. Other main toxicities were alopecia in 45%, fever/infection in 9%, and nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in 5%. In conclusion, the combination of paclitaxel and continuously infused 5-FU/folinic acid appears to be an active regimen for advanced gastric carcinoma with a remission rate comparable to ELF or FAMtx. The moderate toxicity allows treatment on an outpatient basis.
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PMID:A phase II trial of paclitaxel and weekly 24 h infusion of 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in patients with advanced gastric cancer. 918 Mar 95

Some clinical parameters play a role in developing effective antiemetic therapy. In the present study, 310 patients entered and 301 were evaluable. They received cisplatin based combination chemotherapy (100 mg/m2), with antiemetic therapy based in metoclopramide, at a standard dose and schedule (2 mg/kg in 5 doses). Patient characteristics such as age, sex, performance status (Karnofsky), site of primary tumor, weight loss >15%, previous chemotherapy, previous radiotherapy, history of vomiting during pregnancy, additional drugs (dexamethasone, alprazolam), in the antiemetic regimen were included in the evaluation. We also studied the manifestation of anxiety and depression and the presence of psychosocial problems related to therapy, evaluated them with specific psychological indexes modified for our study. We evaluated incidence of vomiting, retches, and nausea, with several scales. We distinguished three groups of factors influencing nausea and vomiting. Factors that predicted for increased nausea and vomiting was gender (women), stress and age (younger patients experienced more prolonged duration and higher grades of nausea). The addition of alprazolam (a sedative drug) and dexamethasone, was associated with decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting. The weight loss (increased nausea and decreased vomiting control according to Gralla's scale). Previous chemotherapy decreased the number of patients without nausea and vomiting control according to Gralla's scale. Patients with previous radiotherapy presented an increased grade of nausea. Patients with head and neck cancer presented less nausea with shorter duration, less frequent episodes of vomiting. Patients with ovarian cancer presented increased mean number of retches. In conclusion, despite difficulties in assessing nausea and vomiting among clinical trials, several factors, especially stress, gender, weight loss, additional drugs (corticosteroids and sedatives) may play an important role in modulating the antiemetic response.
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PMID:Factors that influence the antiemetic activity of metoclopramide to cisplatin based chemotherapy. 968 26

A late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) was conducted in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer as a multicenter cooperative trial. Docetaxel was administered intravenously at a dose of 60 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. Of the 76 patients enrolled, 66 patients were eligible and 59 patients were evaluable for response. One patient showed complete response (CR), 13 patients partial response (PR), 1 patient minor response (MR), 19 patients no change (NC) and 25 patients had progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate in 59 evaluable patients was 23.7% (95% CI = 13.6-36.6%). The primary tumor showed a 4.3% (1/23) response, while the metastatic lesions in the abdomen, pelvic mass, lung, liver, and lymph nodes showed response rates of 62.5% (5/8), 33.3% (1/3), 33.3% (1/3), 14.8% (4/27), and 13.9% (5/26), respectively. About hematological toxicity, severe (Grade 3 or more) leukopenia was observed in 36 patients (56.3%) and neutropenia in 52 patients (81.3%). Other major toxicity (Grade 3 or more) included nausea/vomiting in 11 patients (17.2%), anorexia in 9 patients (14.1%), fatigue in 5 patients (7.8%), and alopecia in 7 patients (10.9%), all which were tolerable. The results show that docetaxel is an effective anticancer agent for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer: a Japanese Cooperative Study Group trial (group A)]. 979 14


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