Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Typical DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa with self-induced vomiting was found in 2 women of Hong Kong Chinese origin and a Chinese man from Malaysia. All 3 cases had a family history of obesity. In 2 of the cases a period of weight gain and in the third case frank obesity preceded the onset of the eating disorder. Cultural transition seemed to play an important part in the onset and maintenance of the eating disorder.
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PMID:Bulimia nervosa in the Chinese. 829 34

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) appears to modulate appetitive behavior, and in rodents, anxiety-related behavior. The authors studied CCK-8 in patients with bulimia nervosa. CSF concentrations of CCK-8 were measured in 11 drug-free female patients with DSM-III-R-defined bulimia nervosa and in 16 normal subjects. The bulimic patients had significantly lower levels of CCK-8 than the comparison subjects. CCK-8 concentrations were inversely correlated with scores on the anger-hostility, anxiety, and interpersonal sensitivity subscales of the SCL-90-R. They were not significantly correlated with age, percentage of standardized average body weight, or mean weekly frequency of binge eating or vomiting. The results indicate that central CCK-8 abnormalities may play a role in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:CSF cholecystokinin octapeptide in patients with bulimia nervosa and in normal comparison subjects. 801 Mar 76

Seventy-five patients with bulimia nervosa were treated with cognitive behaviour therapy, behaviour therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy. The changes that occurred during treatment were assessed in a subsample of 38 patients. There was an immediate decrease in the frequency of binge-eating and purging (self-induced vomiting or laxative misuse). This continued for 4 wk in interpersonal psychotherapy and for 8 wk in the other two treatment conditions. There were no clear differences between the three treatments in the time course of their effects on a global measure of eating behaviour and attitudes or on measures of depression and self-esteem. The findings suggest that certain shared 'non-specific' properties of psychological treatments can have a substantial early effect on the eating behaviour of patients with bulimia nervosa. Indeed, patients with bulimia nervosa may be particularly likely to show non-specific treatment effects. Cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy appear to have an immediate influence on eating behaviour over and above these non-specific effects. The study gave no clues as to the mechanism of action of interpersonal psychotherapy.
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PMID:Changes during treatment for bulimia nervosa: a comparison of three psychological treatments. 833 22

Migraine and the eating disorders, particularly bulimia nervosa, share some common demographics, phenomenology, psychopathology, and treatments. Bulimics also appear to be more sensitive to the induction of severe migrainous headaches than controls following challenge with the 5-HT agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), but not placebo or L-tryptophan. This supports a common pathophysiological relationship involving postsynaptic 5-HT dysfunction between these disorders. In order to further explore the possible relationship between eating disorders and migraine, we administered a modified version of the Diagnostic Survey of the Eating Disorders (DSED) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) to a group of female migraine patients attending the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Neurology Clinic (n = 34). Of the 34 migraine patients surveyed, 88% reported dieting behavior, 59% reported binge eating, and 26% reported self-induced vomiting during their lifetimes. Compared to the responses of a group of normal female controls (n = 577), patients with migraine had elevated scores on four of the eight subscales of the EDI: Body Dissatisfaction (p < or = .02), Perfectionism (p < or = .01), Interpersonal Distrust (p < or = .02), and Ineffectiveness (p < or = .06). These findings support the hypothesis that common pathophysiological mechanisms, perhaps involving 5-HT dysregulation, may be involved in these two disorders.
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PMID:Is migraine related to the eating disorders? 833 2

The results of a small pilot study using Fluvoxamine (Faverin) in the treatment of non-vomiting bingeing female patients and women with bulimia nervosa is presented. Ten non-vomiting subjects and six with bulimia nervosa were treated on an open basis with Fluvoxamine 100-200 mg daily. Assessment was made using established questionnaires for severity of eating disorder and abnormality of mood. Five non-vomiting patients and three with bulimia nervosa completed the study. Non-vomiters showed a significant weight loss; a significant reduction in number of binges; a significant reduction in the scores on the BITE and the EAT; and a significant reduction in anxiety. Those with bulimia nervosa had a significant reduction in hunger and a reduction in depression which tended towards significance. Firm conclusions cannot be drawn from this study as it is an open pilot study of a small number of women. However, the results indicate that Fluvoxamine may have a role in the treatment of eating disorders where bingeing is a prominent symptom and that further research would be valuable. Comments are also made on the usefulness of various questionnaires designed to assess eating disorders.
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PMID:Fluvoxamine: an open pilot study in moderately obese female patients suffering from atypical eating disorders and episodes of bingeing. 838 40

Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are potentially fatal eating disorders which primarily affect adolescent females. Differentiating eating disorders from primary gastrointestinal (GI) disease may be difficult. GI disorders are common in eating disorder patients, symptomatic complaints being seen in over half. Moreover, many GI diseases sometimes resemble eating disorders. Inflammatory bowel disease, acid peptic diseases, and intestinal motility disorders such as achalasia may mimic eating disorders. However, it is usually possible to distinguish these by applying the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders and by obtaining common biochemical tests. The primary features of AN are profound weight loss due to self starvation and body image distortion; BN is characterized by binge eating and self purging of ingested food by vomiting or laxative abuse. GI complications in eating disorders are common. Recurrent emesis in BN is associated with dental abnormalities, parotid enlargement, and electrolyte disturbances including metabolic alkalosis. Hyperamylasemia of salivary origin is regularly seen, but may lead do an erroneous diagnosis of pancreatitis. Despite the weight loss often seen in eating disorders, serum albumin, cholesterol, and carotene are usually normal. However, serum levels of trace metals such as zinc and copper often are depressed, and hypophosphatemia can occur during refeeding. Patients with eating disorders frequently have gastric emptying abnormalities, causing bloating, postprandial fullness, and vomiting. This usually improves with refeeding, but sometimes treatment with pro-motility agents such as metoclopromide is necessary. Knowledge of the GI manifestations of eating disorders, and a high index of suspicion for one condition masquerading as the other, are required for the correct diagnosis and management of these patients.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal and nutritional aspects of eating disorders. 840 9

Clients suffering from the fasting and gorging syndromes of anorexia and bulimia nervosa are at significant risk of self-harm even if treated with apparent success in hospital. Two major issues (not inevitably co-existing) appear to be at work in these illnesses; distorted perception by the sufferer of his or her own body appearance and stressful interpersonal relationships originating in one of a variety of groups of which the sufferer is a member. (Fear of psychosexual maturity, that is, the clients' inability to develop an age-appropriate sexual identity, is treated in this paper as being the product of faulty interactional patterns; it is also a less clear-cut issue in bulimia nervosa than in anorexia.) A supervised hospital in-patient treatment regime concentrating upon weight gain, effective discouragement of purgation and vomiting, possible drug treatment and perhaps dual or independent usage of individual or group psychotherapy with focused cognitive-behavioural task-oriented approaches, will not realize effective change unless these issues are resolved. Community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) are well-placed to observe and supervise people with eating disorders who are potentially vulnerable to relapse following discharge from hospital. Strategies for effective CPN interventions in the community care of anorectic and bulimic clients are suggested in the paper.
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PMID:Suggested community psychiatric nursing interventions with clients suffering from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 845 Jan 30

There has been recent interest in the possibility of dividing bulimia nervosa into two subtypes based on the method of weight prevention utilized by the individual. In an attempt to see if such a division is justified, this study compared 54 purging bulimics with 69 nonpurging bulimics ascertained from a population-based register of Virginia female twins. A bulimic was defined as a "purger" if she engaged in vomiting or laxative abuse. These two groups were examined on a variety of demographic, weight, and personality measures after controlling for the presence of obesity. No significant differences were found between the two groups on any of the variables examined.
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PMID:Bulimia nervosa: a population-based study of purgers versus nonpurgers. 847 98

Twenty-eight patients with ICD-10 bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa were given a cognitive-behavioral treatment handbook and were reassessed 4-6 weeks later. On a clinician-rated global improvement scale 12 patients had much improved and 8 patients had somewhat improved. Fifteen patients were abstinent of vomiting or laxatives at reassessment as opposed to five patients before treatment. Of the 21 patients who were bringing before treatment, 7 had a 75-100% reduction of binges and 5 had a 50-75% reduction of binges. Patients' nutritional knowledge increased significantly. A patient-administered hand-book may be a useful first intervention in the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:Self-treatment of bulimia nervosa: a pilot study. 847 99

Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are common problems in young women, yet many delay or never seek treatment for them. A semistructured telephone interview that addressed various eating problems was conducted with 78 consecutive patients referred to a university hospital eating disorders clinic. It was hypothesized that individuals who subsequently followed through with treatment would differ in some easily recognizable characteristics from those who did not. No significant differences were found in variables, including duration of eating problems, frequency of binge eating or vomiting, history of previous treatment, or presence of associated physical problems. However, individuals who abused laxatives, those with depression, and those who were least satisfied with their current weight tended to avoid coming to the clinic for treatment. These findings suggest that individuals with more severe eating problems may be the most reluctant to seek treatment.
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PMID:Factors predicting reluctance to seek treatment in patients with eating disorders. 848 99


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