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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa (the eating disorders) are potentially life threatening and are becoming more prevalent. This paper reviews the effects of these disorders on dental erosion and reports a study to assess the effects of the eating disorders on the erosion of teeth relating the severity of erosion to factors such as the frequency of self-induced vomiting (SIV). One hundred and twenty-two eating disorder patients and an equal number of age, sex, and social class matched controls were studied. The study population was divided into subgroups according to the eating disorder. All the subgroups had significantly more abnormal toothwear than the controls (P < 0.005), with the differences being most marked in the SIV groups. Further analysis did not find any consistent relationships to the frequency or duration of SIV.
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PMID:The distribution of erosion in the dentitions of patients with eating disorders. 899 21

Symptoms of anxiety can be prominent during treatment of bulimia nervosa. Our experience is that bulimics who abuse laxatives have the most prominent symptoms of anxiety. We conducted ratings of anxiety in 23 bulimics who purge with laxatives and 17 who purge by vomiting. We found that the laxative-abusing group had higher levels of state but not trait anxiety and that they were more likely to be treated with medication for anxiety during hospitalization. These data suggest an association between laxatives and anxiety in bulimia nervosa.
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PMID:Laxative withdrawal and anxiety in bulimia nervosa. 775 94

Patients consecutively referred for a clinical diagnosis of eating disorders to the Unit for Addictive Disorders at the University Hospital of Nantes were included in the study. The sample contained 95 patients (94 females, 1 male; mean age +/- SD: 24.1 +/- 6.5). All the patients were evaluated with the Computerized Multiple Diagnostic Instrument for Eating Disorders, which assesses diagnostic criteria for eating disorders from different international diagnostic classifications. Seven (7%) patients fulfilled the DSM III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) and 42 (44%) the DSM III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa. Two subgroups of bulimic patients were distinguished according to Body Mass Index [anorexia-bulimia (AB) if BMI was < 18 (n = 11, 12%) and normal weight bulimia (NWB) if BMI was > 18 (n = 31, 33%)]. Most patients (n = 46, 48%) did not fulfill DSM III-R criteria for AN or bulimia, and were given the residual DSM III-R diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). A comparison was made of the frequencies of the different weight control strategies displayed by the patients of the 4 subgroups. Vigorous exercise was more frequently used by AN patients than by patients of the 3 other subgroups. Vomiting was more frequent in bulimic patients, although this symptom was displayed by 29% of the AN patients and 24% of the EDNOS. Abuse of laxatives or diuretics was similar in the four subgroups. Use of diuretics was infrequent in the total sample of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical study of a population of patients hospitalized for eating disorders. Discussion of DSM III-R diagnostic criteria]. 778 90

Eighteen patients with DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa were treated by providing them with supervision in the use of a self-help manual based on the cognitive behavioral treatment for the disorder. The patients were assessed before beginning the self-help program, and again 4 to 6 months later, using standardized measures of psychopathology. The findings were encouraging. At follow-up one half of the patients had ceased bulimic episodes and self-induced vomiting, and most of the remainder had made significant improvements. These preliminary findings, together with related published work, suggest that supervised self-help might be an appropriate first line treatment for patients with bulimia nervosa and that for many patients it could be sufficient.
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PMID:Self-help for bulimia nervosa: a preliminary report. 786 19

A wealth of data support a role for serotonin (5-HT) function in the mediation of satiety responses, that are impaired in patients with bulimia nervosa. Testmeal results are presented in which 26 bulimic patients and 17 normal controls were given in randomized, double-blind-fashion, placebo, and the 5-HT agents m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP, 0.5 mg/kg p.o.) and L-tryptophan (L-TRP, 100 mg/kg i.v.). Three and one-half hours after drug administration, subjects were allowed to eat and lib from a standardized testmeal of 3,500 calories, after which postprandial vomiting was not allowed. M-CPP, but not L-TRP, significantly decreased meal size in the combined group, the controls, and to a lesser extent, the bulimics (P < or = .06). Maximum m-CPP concentrations were inversely correlated to the number of calories consumed in the total group. Following m-CPP, there were significant decreases in carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake in the total group of subjects. There were also trends for decreased carbohydrate and protein intake in the bulimics following m-CPP. There were trends for both m-CPP and L-TRP to reduce fat intake in the controls. Differences in the effects between m-CPP and L-TRP are likely due to differential involvement of 5-HT receptor subtypes at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. These studies in humans confirm reports in animals that m-CPP decreases food intake, including carbohydrates, protein, and fat in a mixed testmeal.
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PMID:Testmeal responses following m-chlorophenylpiperazine and L-tryptophan in bulimics and controls. 794 45

Among eating disorders, the incidence and prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are reported to be on the increase. The diverse--and possibly fatal--consequences of these disorders are reviewed by the authors. The process of fasting-dieting, the bingeing episode or the methods applied for weight reduction (self-vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, extreme exercise) can be harmful to the organism, either alone, or in combination. After reviewing the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hematological, gynecological, endocrine, neurological, orthopedic, dermatologic, laryngologic and dental complications, the authors high-light anamnestic data and clinical signs on the basis of which eating disorders can be diagnosed.
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PMID:[Complications of eating disorders]. 805 93

Two studies on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in bulimia nervosa were conducted. The first study compared RMR before treatment in 25 normal-weight women with bulimia nervosa and 20 control subjects of similar height, weight, body composition, age, and activity level. No significant difference in RMR adjusted for fat-free weight was observed. The second study sought to determine whether RMR in women with bulimia nervosa changed if they ceased vomiting and resumed eating in a more normal fashion after cognitive-behavioral treatment. There was no differential change in RMR from pre- to posttreatment for the "improved" bulimics (9 of 12 subjects who received treatment) relative to 13 control subjects who were also tested twice at the same time intervals as the treated bulimia nervosa subjects. These findings do not support the hypothesis that normal-weight women with bulimia nervosa have a suppressed RMR, nor is it altered with treatment compared with matched control subjects.
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PMID:Resting metabolic rate in women with bulimia nervosa: a cross-sectional and treatment study. 807 61

Pharmacologic and cognitive behavioral therapies have been advocated in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN). Brofaromine, a selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A was selected for a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation because of previous demonstrated monoamine oxidase inhibitor efficacy in BN and because of its safer adverse reaction profile. Thirty-six female patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for BN were randomly assigned to the drug group (N = 19) or to the placebo group (N = 17) for an 8-week outpatient trial. Brofaromine produced a significant effect in decreasing episodes of vomiting throughout the trial, although comparable reductions in episodes of binge eating were found in both groups. Also, there were no advantages of drug over placebo on improvements in attitudinal measures and shape or on self-report ratings of depression and anxiety. However, a significant proportion of the subjects on brofaromine lost weight when compared with the placebo group. Methodologic issues including subjective assessment measures, placebo response rates, and the elucidation of responder subgroups are discussed.
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PMID:Is there a role for selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy in bulimia nervosa? A placebo-controlled trial of brofaromine. 812 Jan 55

This study examined the frequency of eating disorders in women with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Letters were sent to area psychiatrists asking them to refer patients diagnosed with OCD to a research study. Subjects completed the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and a survey including history of eating disorders. Thirty-one women participated in the study. Forty-two percent (N = 13) had a past or current history of an eating disorder: 26% anorexia nervosa alone (N = 8); 3% bulimia nervosa alone (N = 1); and 13% both anorexia and bulimia (N = 4). Our study found a higher percentage of history of eating disorders than expected. Perhaps specifically asking about history of weight loss, binging, and vomiting allowed for fuller disclosure of eating disorders than other studies that relied on retrospective chart review or limited the survey to current eating symptoms. A past history of eating disorder may be more common than previously believed and may frequently precede the diagnosis of OCD.
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PMID:Eating disorder history in women with obsessive compulsive disorder. 813 42

Since the inclusion of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) in DSM-III as a nosological entity, it has been a focus of attention in the literature. To the present day several therapeutical approaches have been developed, pharmacological, psychological either separated or combined with diverse results. We have studied 20 patients diagnosed of BN according to DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, from a psychopathological, and evolution point of view, the therapeutical response to a fixed daily dose of Fluoxetine 80 mg., during three months, with evaluations on days: 0-14-30-90. The mean age of the sample was 19.5 years; in 70% at the onset of the illness the Anorexia Nervosa symptomatology was prominent; there was a predominance of affective-obsessive previous personality traits in 60%, 100% showed unsatisfied or altered body image. We want to point out the quick improvement of various parameters such as: the constant eating desire, the binge eating episodes, the vomiting, the misuse of laxatives and the affective and anxious symptomatology. We compare our results with previous studies and make a review of the literature on this topic, we also give an efficacy profile of the different psychopharmacological drugs used in the treatment of eating disorders and a clinical guide to identify those patients who could improve with a psychopharmacological treatment.
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PMID:[Psychopharmacologic treatment of bulimia nervosa]. 817 7


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