Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To confirm recent in vitro findings, we examined the cardiovascular and electrocardiographic (ECG) effects of the dopamine receptor agonists ropinirole, apomorphine, and PNU-142774E in conscious dogs. Intravenous (i.v.) infusions of ropinirole totaling 20 microg/kg maximally reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP; -16 mm Hg) and the ECG PR interval (-13 milliseconds) and increased heart rate (HR; +29 b/min) and QTc length (+33 ms) at a peak plasma drug concentration (p[drug]) of 3.5 ng/ml. I.V. PNU-142774E was better tolerated through 66 microg/kg and a maximal p[drug] of 5.9 ng/ml with negligible cardiovascular changes and mild QTc reduction (13 ms). Apomorphine (25 microg/kg i.v.) was intermediate to ropinirole and PNU-142774E for emesis and peak changes in MAP (-6 mm Hg), HR (+24 b/min), and QTc (+15 milliseconds) at a mean p[drug] of 3.4 ng/ml. By comparison, the class III antiarrhythmic trecetilide (2.0 mg/kg bolus) increased QTc (+58 ms) without affecting mean arterial pressure or heart rate. This study establishes that in conscious dogs, the selective dopamine receptor agonist PNU-142774E has fewer cardiovascular and emetic effects than ropinirole and apomorphine and supports prior in vitro findings that ropinirole and apomorphine but not the PNU-142774E imidazoquinolin analog sumanirole reduces the delayed rectifier current in HERG transfected cells.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and electrocardiographic effects of the dopamine receptor agonists ropinirole, apomorphine, and PNU-142774E in conscious beagle dogs. 1663 74

Several drugs acting on the nervous system have been implicated in the prolongation of the QT interval. Leaving aside the antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, some have shown to prolong the QT interval in vivo. These include opioids, particularly methadone, inhalational anesthetics, and some preparations used for treatment of cough. These drugs have a narrow therapeutic interval or possible drug interactions that lead to clinical toxicity manifested by arrhythmias. They share the ability to block potassium channels (HERG), prolong the action potential and QT interval, and generate arrhythmias and Torsades de Pointes like other typicality recognized like antiarrhythmics, antihistamines, prokinetics, psychotropics and anti-infectives agents. Muscle relaxants like alcuronium, pancuronium and atracurium associated with or without atropine prolong significantly the QT interval. Methadone is the opiod most tightly associated with QTc prolongation; with much lesser potency buprenorphine and oxycodone can block HERG channels and depress the IKr current in vitro.Antineoplastic chemotherapy like anthracyclines, alkylating drugs, alkilants and cisplatin are associated with electrocardiographic alterations including prolongation of QT and emesis of different grades. It's very important take in account the synergic effects over the QT prolongation when effective antiemetics like 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (granisetron, ondansetron, and dolasetron) are administered. The Knowledge of their pharmacological properties is of vital importance to avoid exposing particularly vulnerable individuals as those with congenital long QT syndrome, and even the general public to unnecessary risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias.
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PMID:Other drugs acting on nervous system associated with QT-interval prolongation. 2021 Jul 27