Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six new cases of psychogenic water intoxication are discussed in the light of 150 observations published in the literature since 1935. 87% of all patients were schizophrenic, and 13% had other psychoses and a variety of functional and organic psychopathies. Psychogenic polydipsia is a prerequisite of psychogenic water intoxication. Water intake either overrides an intact osmoregulation (46% of all cases) or, allied to an inadequate urinary dilutional capacity (54%), leads to a transitory, sometimes repeated, and (in 8% of all cases) lethal water intoxication and hypoosmolality. - The consequence of hypoosmolality is metabolic encephalopathy, with agitation, convulsions and coma as its most common symptoms. Profuse diuresis, enuresis and urinary retention, gastric dilatation, watery vomiting and watery diarrhea are diagnostically helpful symptoms of polydipsia typically denied by the patients. Hypoosmolality/hyponatremia are the hallmarks of water intoxication. However, fewer than 50% of all patients present with the expected maximal urinary dilution. Inadequate ADH activity and increased sensitivity of the renal tubule to antidiuretic hormone are the pathogenetic factors in this inappropriate urinary dilution, while psychosis, psychotropic drugs, diuretics, nicotine and alcohol withdrawal are possible causes and cofactors of polydipsia and inadequate urinary dilution. New aspects of treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[Psychogenic water intoxication]. 264 58

Psychogenic polydipsia is an uncommon clinical disorder characterized by excessive water-drinking in the absence of a physiologic stimulus to drink. The excessive water-drinking is well tolerated unless hyponatremia supervenes. This report describes 11 patients with psychogenic polydipsia and hyponatremia (ten men and one woman) who were collectively hospitalized a total of 70 times for treatment of complications of this disorder. This group differs from the classical patient with psychogenic polydipsia, ie, a hospitalized schizophrenic, in that none was institutionalized and there was a high incidence of chronic alcoholism (10), intractable hiccups (7), self-induced vomiting (6), and laboratory evidence for rhabdomyolysis (5).
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PMID:Psychogenic polydipsia with hyponatremia: report of eleven cases. 310 77

An epidemiologic investigation found a 17.5% prevalence of psychogenic polydipsia in 241 hospitalized psychiatric patients. A randomly selected sample of 10 polydipsic patients revealed such associated disorders as sporadic convulsive seizures, comatose states, hydronephrosis, enuresis/urinary incontinence, projectile type vomiting, malnutrition and, in one case, cardiomegaly and edema. Psychogenic polydipsia is a frequently overlooked disorder, and the somatic consequences of the excessive fluid intake are usually ascribed to other causes.
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PMID:Somatic findings in patients with psychogenic polydipsia. 682 31

Water intoxication is a rare condition characterised by overconsumption of water. It can occur in athletes engaging in endurance sports, users of MDMA (ecstasy), and patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. This case outlines water intoxication in a patient with psychogenic polydipsia. When the kidney's capacity to compensate for exaggerated water intake is exceeded, hypotonic hyperhydration results. Consequences can involve headaches, behavioural changes, muscular weakness, twitching, vomiting, confusion, irritability, drowsiness, and seizures. Cerebral oedema can lead to brain damage and eventual death. In this case, psychogenic polydipsia led to significant hyponatraemia, cerebral oedema, and tonic-clonic seizures. Differential diagnoses for hyponatraemia are outlined. The aetiology of psychogenic polydipsia is uncertain, but postulated hypotheses are explored. Psychogenic polydipsia occurs in up 20% of psychiatric patients and this case serves to remind us to be cognizant of water overconsumption.
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PMID:Psychogenic polydipsia: the result, or cause of, deteriorating psychotic symptoms? A case report of the consequences of water intoxication. 2568 18