Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitulamide (ANANDRON (R] is an antiandrogen used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. The effects of ingestion of high doses of nitulamide has not been so far reported. A 79 years old man was admitted 2 hours after the ingestion of 13 g of nitulamide (170 mg/kg or 43 times the therapeutic dose), in a suicide attempt. He was receiving nitulamide 300 mg/day for two weeks. On admission, he underwent immediately gastric lavage, followed by administration of oral activated charcoal and received an intravenous infusion of glucose in balanced salt solution. During the first 12 hours, the patient presented with moderate vomiting and diarrhoea. There was no change in the following parameters: blood cell count, plasma electrolytes, serum transaminases and serum bilirubin, arterial blood gases, plasma cortisol value, as compared to the pre-treatment values. Chest X ray was unchanged. Plasma concentrations were measured 2 hours, 3 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after ingestion. The initial level reached 6 times the normal therapeutic range, then fell to 3.5 times at the 72th hour. The patient recovered rapidly and was discharged on the 4th day. Biologic parameters were controlled on 4th, 9th, 30th day and remained unchanged. Treatment was started again on the 30th day with nitulamide 150 mg/day. We did not notice any side effect previously described in daily administration of nitulamide: anemia, rise in serum transaminases, interstitial pneumopathy.
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PMID:[Absence of clinical and biological manifestations after massive absorption of nitulamide]. 281 Jan 41

Phase II study of Etoposide administered intravenously and orally was performed in 163 patients with urologic malignancies for the clinical evaluation of responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of the responses were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Koyama and Saito. Out of the 163 patients registered in the study, it was possible to evaluate 141. In the cases of intravenous administration, the response rates were 16.7% in testicular cancer mostly refractory to prior therapy, 15.6% in bladder cancer, 7.7% in prostatic cancer, and 0% in renal cell route. The overall response rate was 11.1%. Toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract, the rates being 54.4% for anorexia, 35.4% for nausea and 17.7% for vomiting. Alopecia was observed at a high incidence of 72.1%. Myelosuppression leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were the other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Collaborative phase II study of etoposide (NK-171). Urological Cooperative Study Group of etoposide (NK-171)]. 404 Sep 86

Ifosfamide (Z 4942) is an alkylating agent with the structure of a cyclophosphamide analog. Preliminary studies performed in our hospitals demonstrate the releasing effect of Ifosfamide for persistent pain caused by metastases of the prostatic cancer at various regions. Ifosfamide was given 2 grams a day intravenously with hydration and alkalization for consecutive 5 days. The regimen was performed every 3 or 4 weeks. Pain has disappeared in 7 of 10 cases within 2 or 3 courses. Pain of other 3 cases has also greatly reduced. The effective rate for the primary lesion of the prostatic carcinoma in stage C and D is 30.7%. Side effects were nausea, vomiting, hair loss and leukopenia.
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PMID:[Treatment of pain caused by metastases of reactivated prostatic cancer with ifosfamide]. 663 95

Phase II study of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (CIS-DDP) administered intravenously was performed in 77 patients with urologic malignancies for the evaluation of clinical responses and adverse effects. The eligibility of the patients and evaluation of response were carried out according to the general criteria proposed by Drs. Koyama and Saito. Out of 85 patients, entered in this phase II study, 77 patients were considered evaluable. Complete responses were seen in 4 patients, 3 testicular tumor and 1 bladder cancer. Partial response were obtained in 24 patients; 10 bladder cancer, 8 testicular tumor, 5 prostatic cancer, and 1 renal cell carcinoma. Overall response rates were 73.3% in testicular tumor, 50.0% in bladder tumor, 20.8% in prostatic cancer, and 7.7% in renal cell carcinoma. Incidences of toxicities were noted in the gastrointestinal tract. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were observed in 78.5% of the patients treated with CIS-DDP. Myelosuppression, lassitude, renal and hearing dysfunction were other prominent adverse effects.
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PMID:[Phase II study on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by a collaborative study]. 689 91

Androgen deprivation displays the mean therapy of advanced stage prostatic cancer. The development of hormone-resistant disease leads to a fatal tumor progression. High-dose fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol disphosphate) has been suggested to circumvent hormone resistance and to induce a direct cytotoxic effect. Twenty-one patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer were enrolled in a phase I trial of continuous infusion of high, daily escalating dose of fosfestrol. Fosfestrol was given in a 3.5 hr infusion in 0.9% normal saline at a starting dose of 1.5 g/d. The dose was increased daily in the same patient according to the following schedule: 1.5, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6, 3.9, 4.5, 5.1 and 5.7 g/d. The duration of the infusion was prolonged to 7 or 10.5 hr, if a major side effect occurred. There was neither hematological nor cardiovascular toxicity. The main dose-limiting toxicities were nausea/vomiting in 17 patients, edema in 2 patients, and more than 5% weight gain in 3 patients. The planned maximal dose was reached in 10 patients during a 3.5 hr infusion, and in 3 additional patients, after infusion prolongation. Seven patients experienced a subjective improvement: Prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen decreased in 4 out of 11 and in 7 out of 12 patients, respectively. The suggested dose to phase II trial is 4 g/d in 3.5 hr infusion for a duration of up to 10 days.
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PMID:Phase I trial of high-dose fosfestrol in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 750 21

The phase II clinical trial of a strontium (89Sr) chloride agent (SMS. 2P) was performed in 9 patients with painful bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer. After an intravenous administration, 89Sr circulated in the plasma and was rapidly cleared. Urinary excretion varied widely among the patients. No serious acute side effects were observed. A mild transient increase in pain was reported by 4 patients 2-4 days after administration, two of whom complained of mild nausea or vomiting. All symptoms improved and never became a clinical problem. There were some abnormal hematological parameters. In particular, a decrease in the platelet level seemed to be a marrow suppression due to 89Sr irradiation. It is difficult to discriminate between the effects of 89Sr and the progress of the disease using tumor markers. The pain level improved within 2 weeks after administration and the effect continued for at least 8 weeks, which improved the quality of life for these patients.
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PMID:[Phase II clinical trial of the radioactive strontium (89Sr) chloride agent, SMS. 2P for pain palliation in patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases]. 753 34

Nineteen patients with metastatic prostate cancer were treated with orchiectomy plus six cycles of epirubicin in a dose of 90 mg/m2, intravenously, every 28 days. Median age was 63 years (range, 52-74 years). Sixteen patients had only bone metastases and 3 had soft tissue lesions plus bone metastases. Fifty-six percent had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Response in patients with bone metastases was assessed by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. Of 19 patients, 9 (47%) achieved a complete and 7 (37%) a partial remission. The median duration of response was 20 months and the median survival time of all patients was 24 months (range, 3-100+ months). Toxicity was moderate and consisted of alopecia and mild nausea/vomiting. There was no significant hematological toxicity. It is concluded that the combined modality treatment with orchiectomy plus a cytotoxic drug, i.e., epirubicin, is feasible and does not appear antagonistic. Randomized studies should be initiated to prove or disprove a potential survival benefit of the combined modality as a first-line treatment.
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PMID:Phase II study of orchiectomy combined with epirubicin as first-line treatment in advanced prostate carcinoma. 803 59

Phenylacetate has recently been shown to suppress tumor growth and promote differentiation in experimental models. A phase I trial of phenylacetate was conducted in 17 patients with advanced solid tumors. Each patient received a single i.v. bolus dose followed by a 14-day continuous i.v. infusion of the drug. Twenty-one cycles of therapy were administered at four dose levels, achieved by increasing the rate of the continuous i.v. infusion. Phenylacetate displayed nonlinear pharmacokinetics [Km = 105.1 +/- 44.5 (SD) microgram/ml, Vmax = 24.1 +/- 5.2 mg/kg/h and Vd = 19.2 +/- 3.3 L]. There was also evidence for induction of drug clearance. Ninety-nine % of phenylacetate elimination was accounted for by conversion to phenylacetylglutamine, which was excreted in the urine. Continuous i.v. infusion rates resulting in serum phenylacetate concentrations exceeding Km often resulted in rapid drug accumulation and dose-limiting toxicity, which consisted of reversible central nervous system depression, preceded by emesis. Three of nine patients with metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer maintained stable prostatic specific antigen levels for more than 2 months; another had less bone pain. One of six patients with glioblastoma multiforme, whose steroid dosage has remained unchanged for the duration of therapy, has sustained functional improvement for more than 9 months. The use of adaptive control with feedback for the dosing of each patient enabled us to safely maintain stable phenylacetate concentrations up to the range of 200-300 micrograms/ml, which resulted in clinical improvement in some patients with advanced disease.
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PMID:A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous phenylacetate in patients with cancer. 813 83

A phase I study of orally administered flutamide (a pure anti-androgen) was performed in 26 patients with prostatic cancer. No side effects were observed in 11 patients receiving single doses of either 125, 250, 375 or 500 mg. However, in the daily dosing schedule of 375, 750, 1125 and 1,500 mg/day doses, where medication was taken in three divided doses, discomfort in the stomach, nausea, vomiting and anorexia were experienced in one of the four patients receiving the highest dose of 1,500 mg. Nine patients receiving the other doses did not complain of toxic symptoms. Laboratory values did not change in the three patients receiving the lowest 375 mg/day dose, but elevation of transaminase was observed in five of the nine patients given higher doses. This elevation was observed in all the three patients receiving 1,500 mg/day dose. Among the serum hormone levels, significant increases of luteinizing hormone were observed. As for efficacy, objective responses were observed in two of the three patients in each of the four daily dosing groups. Improvement of pain, voiding obstruction symptoms, and performance status were also observed. Flutamide was found to be absorbed rapidly and to exist as a hydroxylated form (hydroxy-flutamide) in the plasma. The half-life of hydroxy-flutamide was similar in the single and daily administration, but the peak concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve in the daily administration became greater than those in the single administration. In conclusion, flutamide should be examined for efficacy and safety using doses of 375 to 1,125 mg/day in the phase II study.
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PMID:[Phase I study of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, in patients with prostatic cancer]. 850 38

The phase II study of flutamide, a pure anti-androgen, was performed to estimate the clinical doses on 165 hormone untreated or treated patients with prostatic cancer. The hormone-untreated patients were given orally flutamide of 90, 375, 750 or 1,125 mg/day in three divided doses daily for 12 weeks. Responses were not observed at the 90 mg/day dose except for improvement of clinical symptoms. However, an objective response rate of 48.8-46.7% was obtained at 375-1,125 mg/day doses. In hormone-treated patients including cases refractory to the previous hormonal treatment, the objective response rates were 13.3 and 8.3% in 375 and 750 mg/day flutamide groups, respectively. Side effects such as gynecomastia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abnormal laboratory findings such as the elevation of hepatic transaminases were observed. The incidence increased dose-dependently. Determinations of serum hormone levels revealed an increase in testosterone levels by the use of flutamide. In conclusion 375 mg/day of flutamide is the optimal dose in monotherapy for hormone-untreated patients with prostatic cancer, where the quality of life can be maintained compared with therapies involving testosterone suppression. This dose is also expected to show some efficacy in cases refractory to hormone treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, in prostatic cancer phase II dose-finding study]. 850 39


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