Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increasing application of group psychotherapy involves the danger that secondary defective developments which cannot be cured within the group, will be neglected. For these, a specific psychotherapy is necessary and particularly urgent since these cases show a tendency towards becoming chronic. Such cases include obsessional neurosis, situation phobia, nosophobia, occupation neurosis, expectation neurosis, psychogenic impotence, anorexia nervosa, and compulsive vomiting. Secondary defective developments in the majority part of patients who consult a psychotherapist. As fear neuroses, they have to be separated from wishful neurosis (hysterical neurosis). There is an urgent need for psychotherapists to be trained and given continued training in the treatment of secondary defective developments so as to be able to treat such patients.
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PMID:[Therapeutic neglect omission of individual treatment of secondary defective developments]. 54 47

The case of a 28-year old woman with headache resembling hemicrania continua (HC) is described. Since her childhood she had a history of right-sided, side-locked, painful headache attacks, with increasing attack frequency during the last two years, each attack lasting around 24 hours. There were only a few "migrainous" symptoms and signs, thus no photo- and phono-phobia and no vomiting. Only occasionally did she have slight nausea. The clinical picture as well as the complete indomethacin effect suggested a case of HC. However, the indomethacin effect faded away after > 2 months. At that time, a CT scan revealed a tumor in the right sphenoidal bone involving the clinoid process and the base of the skull. A biopsy of the tumor during craniectomy showed a mesenchymal tumor, and the patient was considered inoperable (April, 1989). After cytostatic treatment, she is back in full time work; the headache disappeared and it still has not recurred after approximately 2 years of observation. Neuroradiological investigation should, therefore, be included in the work-up of patients with HC. At the present stage of knowledge, neuroradiological investigations should probably also be included when faced with a typical clinical picture.
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PMID:Hemicrania continua: a possible symptomatic case, due to mesenchymal tumor. 129 26

German-language publications on anorexia nervosa and Simmonds' disease from between 1900 and 1945 are reviewed in order to trace factors inherent in medical thinking which have mostly hindered German-language medicine in understanding anorexia nervosa. It is demonstrated that a) the few German-language physicians who did describe central and possible characteristics of a.n. (weight-phobia, overactivity, bulimia, self-induced vomiting) were enabled to do so by valuing detailed clinical description, also of psychic characteristics, and an interest in the neuroses; b) the concept of anorexia nervosa was better known than previously assumed, though largely misunderstood; c) typical diagnostic misinterpretations led to typical biases in the description of the syndrome; d) in Germany more than in other countries a.n. was confounded with Simmonds' disease; and e) in addition to other factors, one reason for this lay in the 'holistic' ideal of psychosomatic medicine in the 1930s.
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PMID:[Anorexia nervosa in German medical literature 1900 to 1945. The role of anorexia nervosa in the origin of psychosomatic medicine]. 163 12

Benzodiazepines have so many uses in cancer patients that the physician may target more than one advantage as he considers choice of drug and dose. Nausea, pain, and anxiety may be treated simultaneously. Since these patients are often taking a number of medications, the simplest regimen has the most benefit. These drugs treat reactive anxiety, insomnia, claustrophobia, and panic disorder. As they treat anticipatory anxiety and phobia, they mitigate anticipatory nausea and a component of post-treatment nausea. With chemotherapy itself, they cause sedation, suppress recall of treatment, limit vomiting, and are seen as desirable by patients. They suppress the restlessness associated with metoclopramide and other dopamine-antagonist antiemetics. The analgesic effects are best seen in conditions of high anxiety, muscle spasm, and deafferentation syndromes. The advantages of sedative and antipsychotic effects may be exploited to suppress the psychiatric complications of high-dose corticosteroids.
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PMID:Strategic use of benzodiazepines in cancer patients. 183 Oct 42

Rorschach and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) responses from persons vomiting to manage body weight and fat phobia were compared to those from a matched control group to determine the levels of personality structure. These responses were also contrasted with those of representative groups from normal and personality disordered populations. Findings were that the bulimic group's test protocols differed significantly from those of the control group, displaying evidence of serious cognitive slippage and dramatic, emotional and erratic personality structures arrested at the differentiation subphase of ego development. The clinical importance of timely developmental diagnosis and interventions designed to promote object constancy was discussed in light of these findings.
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PMID:Bulimia and object relations: MMPI and Rorschach variables. 205 21

Patients with eating disorders often use diuretics to eliminate fluid to achieve lower body weight. Diuretic abuse can lead to severe hyponatremia. Central pontine myelinolysis, a disruption of the myelinated neurons of the pons, has been associated with rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. A case is presented of a 35-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency service by ambulance complaining of vomiting for 7 days and that she could not hear well because she was 'worn out'. Initial laboratory values included serum Na 91 mEq/l, K 1.6, Cl 46, bicarbonate 33, BUN 4 mg/dl, glucose 306 mg/dl. After 32 h of intravenous fluids, the serum Na was 126, K 4.0, Cl 89, bicarbonate 25, glucose 118 mg/dl. On the 3rd hospital day the serum Na was 139. On the 4th hospital day she was alert and appropriate. On the 5th hospital day, however, she was confabulating and chatty. The serum Na was 139. She progressed to develop a spastic quadriparesis, speech and swallowing difficulties. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed central pontine myelinolysis. She acknowledged taking 400 mg daily of furosemide and drinking much water. She had a past history of anorexia nervosa. She had a residual weight phobia and strove to keep her weight below 106 lb. Her height was 5 feet, 6 inches. As illustrated by this case, diuretic abuse can cause severe hyponatremia and the subsequent risk of central pontine myelinolysis. In patients with severe chronic or subacute hyponatremia, a safe restoration rate for serum Na has been less than 0.55 mEq/l/h. Serum Na should be below 135 within the first 48 h and hypernatremia should be avoided.
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PMID:Diuretic abuse and central pontine myelinolysis. 248 85

Symptoms of dysphagia and chronic vomiting often are categorized as being elicited by psychogenic factors, when no explanation can be found by fluoroscopic and endoscopic means. Psychogenic factors were also thought to be of aetiological significance in 58 patients referred under the diagnoses "psychogenic", "psychosomatic", and "functional" swallowing disorder, "psychogenic vomiting", "conversion neurosis", "anorexia nervosa", "psychosomatic disturbances in pregnancy", "cancer phobia", "cardiac phobia (DaCosta syndrome)", and "depressive disorder" to the Psychophysiology Unit, University of Vienna, for further evaluation. However, manometric, pH-metric, and endoscopic investigations showed that all of these patients suffered in fact from organic disorders: 36 from achalasia, 5 from vigorous achalasia, 5 from diffuse oesophageal spasms, 6 from lower oesophageal contraction abnormalities, one from pharyngo-oesophageal dyscoordination, one from a gastric ulcer ad cardiam, and 4 from gastro-oesophageal refluxes of whom one also had a hypertonic upper oesophageal sphincter. These findings, together with the fact that all concepts relating swallowing disorders to psychogenic factors have remained purely speculative, show that it is not justifiable to label dysphagic symptoms, for which no organic aetiology can be detected, as "psychogenic" or "psychosomatic". Patients with such symptoms should be studied by means of oesophageal manometry and/or pH-metry to reveal the nature of their disorder and to enable adequate therapy.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of psychosomatic deglutition disorders]. 378 84

A 33 yr old female with a flying phobia which involved frequent conditioned vomiting and fainting was successfully treated by a combination of self-control desensitization and cue-controlled relaxation. A 12 and 18 month follow-up indicated that treatment effects were maintained. Implications are discussed of this procedure for the treatment of conditioned nausea and vomiting resulting from cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Self-control desensitization with cue-controlled relaxation for treatment of a conditioned vomiting response to air travel. 613 97

A multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral treatment program using modeling, graduated exposure, and contingency management to treat food phobia in a 4-year-old boy. In addition, a treatment component involving time-out and re-introduction of the initial request to consume the target food was added to reduce vomiting behavior that developed during the course of treatment. The volume and range of foods consumed by the participant increased, and observer-rated anxiety and vomiting decreased over the course of treatment. The results of this controlled evaluation suggest that this treatment program was responsible for the observed changes, which were maintained at 6-month follow-up.
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PMID:A multiple-baseline evaluation of the treatment of food phobia in a young boy. 1262 38

A questionnaire that assessed a broad range of eating-related characteristics for unselected, normal subjects was factor analyzed in a two-step process proposed by Comrey (1984). Twelve "factored homogeneous item dimensions" were identified first and yielded three primary-level factors in a second factor analysis: Predisposition to Obesity (including Dieting and Preoccupation with, and Fear Of, Gaining Weight), Uncontrollable Urges to Eat (including Eating Momentum Beyond Control, Food a Panacea and Constant Temptation, and Secret Binging), and Predisposition to Anorexia (including Insufficient Eating Obvious to Others, Food Phobia, Inability to Eat, and Vomiting After Meals). The three primary-level factors were positively intercorrelated and exhibited significant positive, though weak, correlations with a measure of trait arousability. Also, weak results tentatively indicated that individuals with more pleasant and/or more arousable temperaments were less likely to be overweight. Subjects reported sharply higher levels of food consumption when feeling "depressed" (i.e., bored, lonely, sad) than when feeling "distressed" (i.e., uncomfortable, anxious, in pain). Uncontrollable Urges to Eat correlated positively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while depressed, showing that those lacking control over eating ate especially more while feeling bored, lonely, or sad. Predisposition to Obesity correlated negatively and significantly with self-reports of food consumption while distressed, showing that those tending more toward obesity ate less while upset or anxious.
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PMID:Measures of eating-related characteristics for the general population: relationships with temperament. 1636 30


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