Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

65 episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea, detected during a longitudinal follow-up of 336 infants from birth to 24-32 months of age, were analyzed for clinical symptoms. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was characterized by watery diarrhoea, vomiting (particularly in older children), fever and dehydration. A 0-20 point numerical score was devised according to the distribution of clinical features in the patients. Using this system, the mean severity score for the 65 episodes of rotavirus diarrhoea was 11.0 +/- 3.7 as compared to 5.6 +/- 3.2 for the 183 episodes of non-rotavirus diarrhoea in the same population (p less than 0.0001, t-test). The 20 point score is proposed for analysis of efficacy studies of candidate rotavirus vaccines.
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PMID:Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes. 237 42

In a two years screening carried out on Florentine children we confirmed that Rotaviruses are the most important ethiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in infants less than two years old, irrespective of sex. We had evidence that Rotavirus diarrhea does not occur with the same incidence every year. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, fever and often by respiratory symptoms. Severe complications have not been observed.
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PMID:[Role of viruses in acute gastroenteritis]. 717 Jan 97

Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute watery diarrhea in young Korean children. Rotavirus vaccine will soon be available, and information is urgently required about the serotype distribution of recent epidemics and clinical characteristics of rotavirus infection in Korean children before the implementation of a vaccination program against rotavirus. We reviewed published studies of the past 20 years, carried out on Korean children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was estimated to be responsible for 46% of 4668 hospitalized Korean children with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was most prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, which accounted for 84% of all cases. Asymptomatic rotavirus infection was common. Rotavirus was one of the most commonly identified enteric pathogens in nosocomial diarrhea. Vomiting, respiratory symptoms and fever were prominent symptoms in rotavirus gastroenteritis. Transient elevation of liver enzymes, pulmonic infiltration and rarely afebrile convulsion were also observed. The epidemic peak, which occurred in November of the last 15 years, has been moving toward late winter and early spring in recent years. No apparent cause has been found to explain this alteration of peak seasonality. All serotyping studies in Korea for the past 10 years until 1997 revealed that G1 was most prevalent (45-81%). Interestingly, the predominant G serotype of the recent outbreaks in 1998 and 1999 was not G1 but G4. Approximately 95% of rotavirus isolates in recent outbreaks belonged to serotype G1, 2, 3 or 4.
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PMID:Overview of rotavirus infections in Korea. 1098 78

Rotavirus is the single most important cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is associated with high morbidity in developed countries and significant mortality in developing countries. Virtually all children are infected with rotavirus by 3 years of age. Fecal-oral transmission is the most likely route of virus spread. Group A serotype strains G1 through G4 account for more than 90% of rotavirus gastroenteritis in humans, with G1 being the predominant serotype. The virus preferentially infects the mature small-intestinal enterocytes. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is characterized by fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, with vomiting particularly prominent. Dehydration is a frequent complication because of the severity of the diarrhea and the associated vomiting. Rehydration and maintenance of proper fluid and electrolyte balance remain the mainstay of treatment. Hygienic measures have little effect on the reduction of rotavirus infection rates. The disease can be effectively controlled by universal rotavirus vaccination.
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PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis. 1641 57

Rotaviral gastroenteritis is a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The disease is ubiquitous, affecting nearly all children by the age of 5 years. It is the most common cause of hospitalizations for gastroenteritis among children in the United States (30%-70% depending on the season) and is associated with direct and indirect costs of approximately $1 billion per year. Symptoms of rotaviral gastroenteritis are nonspecific (ie, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever), with disease severity varying considerably. Diagnostic confirmation of rotaviral gastroenteritis requires laboratory tests (most commonly enzyme immunoassay or latex agglutination); however, because specific diagnosis is costly and does not affect treatment, laboratory tests are generally not performed. Because no antiviral therapies are currently available, treatment of rotavirus infection is supportive and primarily aimed at the replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses. Based on the observations that improved sanitation does not decrease disease prevalence and that hospitalizations remain high despite the availability and use of oral rehydrating solutions, the primary public health intervention for rotavirus infection is vaccination. Current vaccines (ie, RotaTeq, Merck and Company; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline) are effective for reducing rotaviral gastroenteritis (particularly severe disease), emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. Rotavirus vaccination is now included as part of the routine vaccination schedule for all infants in the United States.
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PMID:Rotavirus overview. 1925 23

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of acute diarrhea in young humans and animals worldwide. The colostrum-deprived, artificially-reared, neonatal pig has been extensively used in our laboratory as a model animal for studying an experimentally-induced rotaviral gastroenteritis. Details on procurement of newborn pigs, immunological characteristics and artificial rearing conditions of colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs as well as on rotavirus inoculation, clinical manifestations and evaluation of intestinal damage caused by rotavirus infection are described. Our experimentally-induced rotavirus gastroenteritis model has been characterized clinically by anorexia, diarrhea, ocassional vomiting and high titers of rotavirus shedding in feces. Data reported herein provides additional information, particularly on feeding regimens of pigs before rotavirus inoculation, extent of anorexia, severity of diarrhea and extent of fecal virus shedding, as well as on the effect of rotavirus infection and size of rotavirus inocula on intestinal damage, growth and mortality during the post-infection period. On the basis of these results and others previously reported by us and by other researchers, and because of the intestinalanatomy and physiology similarities to that of human infants, the colostrum-deprived, artificially-reared, neonatal pig is the most suitable and useful model animal for studies designed to evaluate prevention and treatment of rotaviral gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Optical spectroscopy of breast biopsies and human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice. 2848 Dec 9