Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine unselected patients suffering from inoperable, recurrent, or residual adenocarcinoma of the stomach were referred for palliation with fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. A full course of 1440 rads given in 12 treatments over 26 days was administered to the patients. Because of the relatively low energy (7-5 MeV) of the beam from this particular machine, it was not possible to deliver the full dose uniformly throughout the tumour except in extremely thin patients. Pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and bleeding were relieved in the majority of cases. The side effects were minimal and easily controlled. Palpable masses disappeared. Five patients required surgery after neutron therapy. All the incisions were made through irradioated tissue and all except one healed normally. Tumour was present outside the treated area, but the absence of any palpable mass within the treated area was a consistent finding. Radiologically, the stomachs remained abnormal and later changes included gross mucosal abnormality and shrinkage. Fourteen patients came to necropsy and in 10 no tumour was present macroscopocally. Tumour cells were seen in all except two cases but these were few, surrounded by dense fibrous tissue, and may not have been viable. The remaining stomach was abnormal with a thickened wall and destruction of mucosa. Three of the four cases in which macroscopic tumour was present received less than the standard dose because of the inadequate penetration of the beam. Excellent regression of tumors was achieved by the neutrons, but the stomachs did not recover from this satisfactorily. Gastrectomy four to six months after treatment is therefore suggested. This operation and other surgical procedures in other patients were successfully carried out. There is a need for higher energy neutrons to improve treatment and extend it to patients of thick-set build.
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PMID:The effects of fast neutrons on inoperable carcinoma of the stomach. 4 31

In May, 1988, a 75-year-old housewife, who had undergone a subtotal gastrectomy for a carcinoma 12 years earlier, visited our hospital because of vomiting. Biopsy specimens of the residual gastric mucosa revealed malignant cells and an abdominal CT scanning examination showed a solitary nodule in the splenic parenchyma. A non-curative resection of the residual stomach, a splenectomy and a distal pancreatectomy were performed on June 3, 1988. Histological examination of the resected specimens demonstrated a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach, that had invaded the pancreas and retroperitoneal nodes. A nodule of the spleen that was inspected showed a round, greyish solid mass, 0.7 cm in diameter on the cut surface, and microscopically metastatic focus from a gastric cancer. Only a few operated cases manifesting a splenic metastasis of a gastric cancer have been reported and a definitive routing pattern of the metastasis is often difficult to distinguish. However, our case seems to suggest that a hemodynamic route had been taken, since there were no metastatic nodes around the splenic hilus and the metastatic site was only the parenchyma in the spleen.
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PMID:[A rare case of metastasis of the spleen from recurrent cancer of the residual stomach]. 273 77

The clinical course of a child who developed an adenocarcinoma of the stomach at 11 years of age is described. At 6 years of age, the child was evaluated for abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. She was found to have hemorrhagic, atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria, and panhypogammaglobulinemia. The gastritis improved with corticosteroid therapy, but relapsed each time that the steroid dosage was tapered. The clinical course was marked by severe growth failure, recurrent infections, and intermittent abdominal pain. Radiographic studies done when the patient was 11 years of age demonstrated a large fungating mass on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Endoscopy and biopsies done 1 year previously had not revealed any sign of malignancy. A radical gastrectomy was performed. Microscopic studies revealed multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach with no evidence of invasion of the submucosa or local lymph nodes. The patient died of Candida septicemia and pneumonia 6 months after the gastrectomy. There was no evidence of recurrence of the tumor on autopsy. The relationship between common variable immunodeficiency and gastrointestinal disease is described.
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PMID:Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a child with common variable immunodeficiency. 338 60

Recombinant interferon-gamma was given to patients with tumours by a six-hour intravenous infusion using a portable mini-pump, to assess the side-effects of the drug. At present, 11 patients have been treated; 2 adenocarcinoma of the ovary, 3 squamous carcinoma of the bronchus, 1 adenocarcinoma of the breast, 1 adenocarcinoma of the stomach, 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 case of two primaries, adenocarcinoma of the breast and ovary, and 1 adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Two patients received 1 X 10(6) units/m2/infusion, four received 3 X 10(6) U/m2/inf., three received 6 X 10(6) U/m2/inf. and two received 9 X 10(6) U/m2/inf. Two further dose levels will be used in the future; 27 and 51 X 10(6) U/m2/inf. Three 6-hour infusions a week were given for a four week period. The major side-effects of gamma-interferon were dose-related pyrexia with rigors to which there was no tachyphylaxis, acute and chronic tiredness, nausea with or without vomiting, headache, backache and myalgia. There was also a dose-dependent immediate but mild and transient decrease in the total white cell count. All effects have been transient, and none have been severe. We have also noticed that intravenous infusions by mini-pumps are tolerated far better by the patients than conventional drip systems, and we feel mini-pumps are the ideal way to give intravenous infusions.
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PMID:A phase 1 study of recombinant interferon-gamma given intravenously by portable mini-pump: a preliminary report. 624 30

Etoposide, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (ELF) chemotherapy has been reported to be less toxic yet effective (response rates of 50%) in patients with advanced gastric cancer. A phase II study of ELF in 25 patients (11 males, 14 females, median age 53 years) with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach is reported. Patients received outpatient intravenous etoposide 120mg/m2 over 2 hours, folinic acid 300 mg/m2 over 2 hours, 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 boluses daily for 3 days every 21 days. Of 17 measurable patients, there was one complete response (CR), 4 partial responses (PR) for a total response rate of 29.4%. Non-hematologic toxicity was modest (grade 0 vomiting 11/21, stomatitis 16/21, diarrhea 17/21). Grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 14/23, thrombocytopenia in 2/23, anemia in 5/23 patients. Median progression-free and overall survival was 4.1 and 7.1 months, respectively. In conclusion, ELF chemotherapy shows only modest activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer and is associated with severe hematologic toxicity.
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PMID:A phase II trial of etoposide, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (ELF) in patients with advanced gastric cancer. 887 37

Gastric carcinoma is an extremely rare cancer in children. A case is presented of a 9-year-old boy admitted to The University Hospital Brno with a 4-month history of abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Several of his family members died from or have been treated for cancer. Barium meal examination performed 2 months prior to admission was nondiagnostic. When gastroendoscopy, laparoscopy, and abdominal computer tomography scan were performed, the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach was established. The patient died 10 days after admission because of rapid cancer spread. Miliary metastases of the peritoneum, mesenterium, omentum, liver, bowels, lungs, heart, bone marrow, and skin were found. No penetration through the hematoencephalic barrier was noticed.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma in a 9-year-old boy. 1098 73

Gastric adenocarcinoma is rarely observed in patients under the age of 40. Meningeal carcinomatosis as a first manifestation of disease is absolutely unique. If meningeal involvement occurs it is usually secondary event in previously diagnosed tumor. The prognosis is very unfavorable associated with short term survival. In the treatment of this disease there night be used either chemotherapy administered via lumbar injection or radiotherapy or combination of both. This case study is one of very few cases reported in literature when meningeal carcinomatosis was a first sign of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. 39 years old woman was admitted to our hospital with severe headache, diplopia and vomiting. Meningeal carcinomatosis with gastric primary was diagnosed. She was treated with combination of cytosine arabinosid (Cytosar), methotrexate (Methotrexat), hydrocortisone (Hydrocortisone) administered via intrathecal lumbar injection and whole brain radiation. As a main complication she experienced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The improvement of patient's condition following the initial treatment had a very limited duration and the patient died of bilateral pneumonia and cerebral edema 44th day after the admission.
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PMID:[Meningeal carcinomatosis as the first manifestation of gastric adenocarcinoma]. 1178 14

Signet-ring cell type of gastric carcinoma can easily escape detection by the pathologist, and this confusion is compounded by the presence of morphologic patterns other than the conventional appearance. One such morphologic variant is composed of deeply eosinophilic cells containing minute cytoplasmic granules with neutral mucin. With this morphology, epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and hepatoid and rhabdoid variants of adenocarcinoma enter the list of diagnostic possibilities, and accurate diagnosis is essential for therapeutic and prognostic considerations. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and black-colored stools. Endoscopy revealed a growth at the incisura, a biopsy specimen from which was reported as a poorly differentiated tumor. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy and the resected specimen showed a 6.5 x 4-cm circumferential growth in the antropyloric region. Histological sections from the growth showed transmural infiltration by deeply eosinophilic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. A differential diagnosis of epithelioid GIST, rhabdoid variant, hepatoid variant, and signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma was considered. Special stains and immunohistochemistry confirmed the tumor to be a variant of signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Morphologic variations of signet-ring cell carcinoma pose an important diagnostic dilemma, which has therapeutic and prognostic significance for the patient. These variants need to be recognized by pathologists to enable an accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Deeply eosinophilic cell variant of signet-ring type of gastric carcinoma: a diagnostic dilemma. 1846 67

Gastrocolic Fistula is, in the majority of cases the pathological communication between stomach and transverse colon, because cases involved with the small intestine, pancreas and skin have been also documented, even though are rare. It occurs mostly in adults, but they can be present to infants, as well, as a result of congenital abnormalities or iatrogenic procedures (i.e. migration of PEG tube that placed before). In the Western Countries, the most common cause is the adenocarcinoma of the colon, while in Japan, adenocarcinoma of the stomach is the most frequent cause. It seldom appears, as a complication of a benign peptic ulcer, in Crohn's disease and as a result of significant intake of steroids or NSAIDs. The typical symptoms of a gastrocolic fistula are abdominal pain, nausea-vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. Radiology has been used for the detection of the fistulae all these years but the golden standard remained the barium enema. Barium meal and CT findings play a smaller role in the diagnosis. Although the management of gastrocolic fistulae has historically been surgical, medical treatment has recently been recommended as the first line when a malignancy can be excluded.
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PMID:Gastrocolic fistulae; From Haller till nowadays. 2236 8

A 9-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu dog was referred to us, because of chronic vomiting. The patient's hematological, radiographic, ultrasonographic, endoscopic and histological examinations were evaluated for diagnosis. Hematologic analysis indicated moderate anemia and azotemia. Based on the imaging studies, an oval-shaped mass was identified in the gastric pylorus area. A proliferative mass was found on endoscopic examination, and we performed biopsy using grasping forceps. The histopathological findings of the biopsy specimens indicated hypertrophic gastritis, and Y-U pyloroplasty was performed. However, histopathological examination of the surgically resected mass revealed tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Then, carboplatin chemotherapy was performed 4 times for 13 weeks. Clinical signs, such as vomiting, were resolved gradually after surgery and chemotherapy, and the patient's condition was managed favorably until recently (30 months after surgery). This case report describes clinical features, imaging studies, endoscopic characteristics and histopathological and immunohistochemical features of gastric tubular adenocarcinoma as early gastric cancer in a dog.
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PMID:A case of gastric adenocarcinoma in a Shih Tzu dog: successful treatment of early gastric cancer. 2464 2


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