Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone; dihydroxyanthracenedione) is an anthraquinone previously shown to be active in human breast cancer. It appears to have less toxicity than doxorubicin. Results of this phase II-III randomized cross-over trial to determine the relative efficacy and toxicity of mitoxantrone in comparison to doxorubicin, are presented. Patients with measurable, recurrent breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic disease, and who had not been exposed to prior doxorubicin, were randomized to receive either mitoxantrone or doxorubicin every three weeks with cross-over on progression. Response rates, duration of remission, time to treatment failure, and drug toxicity, including cardiac toxicity evaluated with serial radionuclide angiocardiography, were evaluated. Differences in the response rates for the two groups were not statistically significant. Neither time to treatment failure nor duration of response are significantly different (p greater than 0.05). With respect to toxicity, mitoxantrone treated patients consistently exhibited a lower incidence and less severe drug toxicity as compared to their doxorubicin-treated counterparts. Cardiac toxicity was carefully monitored and thus four patients on doxorubicin have had drug related congestive heart failure, as compared to none on mitoxantrone. In summary, mitoxantrone appears to be as active as doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer previously treated with chemotherapy; however, mitoxantrone causes significantly less nausea, vomiting, stomatitis and alopecia at doses which induce equal or greater myelosuppression than doxorubicin, and appears to be less cardiotoxic.
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PMID:A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. 389 78

Fadrozole (CGS 16949 A, brand name: Afema) is an aromatase inhibitor developed firstly in Japan. This compound reduces estrogen levels in the body after administration, suppressing the growth of breast cancer. In animal experiments, this showed an inhibitory activity in vivo against estrogen-depended mammary tumor and the effect was potentiated by the combination of tamoxifen cytrate. In the domestic clinical trials against post-menopausal advanced-recurrent breast cancer, irrespective of the cases with ER positive or negative and even including pretreated cases, the compound showed response rate of 19.3%, the rate of long NC of 18.2%, and the total response rate of 37.5%. The prognosis of NC cases was similar to the effective (CR + PR) cases. The median survival time was 323.5 days which were better than the previous endocrine therapies. The side effects mainly consisted of nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and fatigue, but these were all the level of grade 1. This compound-seemed to be a promising drug for the treatment of patients with post-menopausal breast cancer.
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PMID:[Introduction of a new aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride hydsate]. 748 33

To evaluate ambulatory cancer chemotherapy, the clinical response, toxicities and survival time were analysed among 12 outpatients with recurrent breast cancer who were treated by sequential methotrexate (MTX)/5-FU therapy for the past 2 years. In this study, MTX (70 mg/m2, i.v.) and 5-FU (370 mg/m2, d.i.v.) were given on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks, the 5-FU being given one hour after the MTX. Partial response (PR) was observed in 3 patients (25%), no change (NC) in 9. One-year survival ratio was 59%, and 7 out of 12 patients survived at the end of this study. The median disease free interval was 7.3 months, and 3 cases survived for more than one year without disease. Although nausea/vomiting, stomatitis, leukopenia and alopecia were noted, no severe side effects were observed. These results suggested that sequential MTX/5-FU therapy might be a useful ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for patients with recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical study of ambulatory cancer chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer]. 780 47

The usefulness of CAF [cyclophosphamide (CPA)/doxorubicin (ADR)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for advanced/recurrent breast cancer was studied in a randomised trial at 56 institutions. Patients received CAF therapy [CPA: 100 mg, orally, days 1-14; ADR: 30 mg/m2, intravenously (i.v.), days 1 and 8; 5-FU: 500 mg/m2, i.v., days 1 and 8) in arm I, or CAF + MPA therapy (CAF + MPA 1200 mg, daily) in arm II. The response rate was significantly higher (P = 0.041) in arm II (53.5%, 46/86) than arm I (36.6%, 30/82). The response rate by tumour site was significantly higher for lymph node and bone lesions in arm II. Partial response duration and overall response duration were significantly longer in arm II. Incidences of anorexia and nausea/vomiting were significantly higher in arm I but in arm II, moon face, oedema and vaginal bleeding were significantly higher. Many patients in arm II demonstrated improvement in performance status and weight loss, suggesting a beneficial effect of MPA. The chemoendocrine therapy with CAF + MPA appears to be more beneficial than CAF alone in the treatment of advanced/recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of chemotherapy with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. 794 92

A late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (Docetaxel), a new semisynthetic anticancer agent, was conducted in patients with advanced/recurrent breast cancer. RP56976 (Docetaxel) was in general administered at an intravenous dose of 60 mg/m2 with dose-free intervals of 3-4 weeks. Of the 74 patients enrolled, 64 patients completed the scheduled course of treatment. Three patients showed complete response (CR), 32 patients partial response (PR), 3 patients minor response (MR), 18 patients no change (NC), and 8 patients had progressive disease (PD). The overall response rate was 54.7%. The response rate in patients who previously had received chemotherapy was 55.7%, and the response rate in patients who had resistance to anthracycline agents or who did not respond to previous treatment was 58.7%. Adverse reactions included nausea/vomiting in 38 patients (57.6%), fatigue in 46 patients (69.7%), anorexia in 46 patients (69.7%), fever in 26 patients (39.4%), and alopecia in 60 patients (90.9%), all of which were tolerable. Abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia (Grade III or more) in 57 patients (86.4%) and neutropenia (Grade III or more) in 56 patients (86.2%). The results show that RP56976 (Docetaxel) is an excellent agent with high antitumor effect for the treatment of advanced/recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of RP56976 (docetaxel) in patients with advanced/recurrent breast cancer]. 797 23

Four cases of recurrent breast cancer effectively treated by CPT-11 were reported. These cases had undergone previous chemotherapy including adriamycin. Nevertheless, they developed no tolerance to such therapies and displayed good responsitivity to CPT-11. Effects on metastatic lesions: One was bone and three were soft tissues, was observed after the end of one course therapy. The response periods were over 210 days, 431 days, 175 days and 73 days. Thus, it was suggested that early response to drug was important clinically and was significant for enhancing the quality of life of patients. Major adverse reactions were leukopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (Grade 2-3). However, these could be well managed by symptomatic treatment and dose modification. The results suggested that CPT-11 was an effective agent against advanced or recurrent breast cancer, and especially useful for patients who had developed a tolerance to previous therapies.
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PMID:[Four cases of recurrent breast cancer effectively treated by the new antitumor agent, CPT-11 (irinotecan)]. 803 Nov 69

The clinical efficacy of "CMF" chemotherapy, (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), was evaluated on advanced and recurrent breast cancer. The response rate was 36.1% in 61 evaluable cases, including four CR and eighteen PR. In terms of efficacy classified by metastatic lesion, the effective rates were 51.4% in soft tissue, 28.6% in viscera, and 20.0% in bone metastases. The main side effects were nausea/vomiting, anorexia, and leucopenia. In this study, CMF chemotherapy resulted in good clinical effects, and its response rate was almost the same as that to CMF chemotherapy in Europe and USA, but slightly lower than that to CAF chemotherapy. As to the side effects, the incidence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia or alopecia was lower in CMF chemotherapy than in CAF chemotherapy. Also, unlike CAF chemotherapy, CMF chemotherapy had no cumulative dose-limitation and showed no cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, CMF chemotherapy is considered to be one of the most useful treatments for advanced and recurrent breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) on advanced and recurrent breast cancer. Clinical study group of CMF for breast cancer in Japan]. 808 46

A multi-institutional late-phase II clinical trial of CGS 16949A was conducted at the dose of 1 mg twice daily in postmenopausal patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. Seventy patients entered into the study; 65 were eligible and 53 were complete cases. There were 3 CR, 11 PR, 10 long-NC, 14 NC and 25 PD with an overall response rate of 22.2% in 63 evaluable cases. The median period of overall duration of responses was 327.5 days. There were 22 cases that drug was found useful or better, and global usefulness rate was 33.8%. Forty six (76.7%) of patients experienced no side effects in this therapy. Grade 2 toxicities included anorexia (1 pt.), feeling of distension of abdomen (1 pt.), vomiting (1 pt.), fatigue (1 pt.), and only one patient experienced Grade 3 toxicity (anorexia). Grade 2 laboratory abnormalities were confirmed in two patients; one with elevated gamma-GTP and another with elevated LDH, and both were in the absence of liver metastasis. From these results, it is concluded that CGS16949A seemed to be a useful hormonal agent in the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of CGS16949A in advanced or recurrent breast cancer--a multi-institutional late phase II clinical trial]. 812 88

A multi-institutional early phase II study of KW-2307 (vinorelbine), a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in advanced or recurrent breast cancer was conducted in 15 nationwide hospitals. KW-2307 was intravenously administered once weekly at doses of 15 to 25 mg/m2. Sixty-five among the enrolled 69 patients were eligible. Response rates were 11.8% (2/17) with 15 mg/m2, 28.0% (7/25) with 20 mg/m2 and 17.4% (4/23) with 25 mg/m2, and the overall response rate was 20.0%. Once-weekly intravenous administration of 20 mg/m2 was estimated to be the optimal dose of KW-2307 from the results. The major side effect was leucopenia, which was the dose-limiting factor in this study. Other subjective or objective side effects included anorexia, nausea-vomiting, phlebitis, fever, general fatigue and stomatitis, but none of them was serious.
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PMID:[Early phase II study of KW-2307 in advanced or recurrent breast cancer. KW-2307 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Section]. 818 37

A multi-institutional late phase II study of KW-2307 (vinorelbine), a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in advanced or recurrent breast cancer was conducted in 26 nationwide hospitals. KW-2307 was intravenously administered at a dose of 20 mg/m2 once weekly. Eighty among the enrolled 82 patients were eligible. The overall response rate was 30.0% (24/80) with 4 CR, 20 PR, 5 MR, 22 NC, 17 PD and 12 unevaluable patients. The major side effect was leucopenia, which was the dose-limiting factor in this study. Other subjective or objective side effects included general fatigue, nausea-vomiting, anorexia, paresthesia, fever and stomatitis, but none of them was serious.
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PMID:[Late phase II study of KW-2307 in advanced or recurrent breast cancer. KW-2307 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Section)]. 818 38


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