Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic breast cancer were entered in a trial of mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenous (IV), cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2 IV, and 5-fluorouracil, 1000 mg/m2 IV, which were given on day 1 of a 21-day treatment interval. This trial was designed to test the efficacy of substituting mitoxantrone for doxorubicin as part of a combination that has proved to be effective in inducing remission. The trial was also intended to evaluate the response of resistant disease and of stable metastatic disease to a combination of doxorubicin and vinblastine sulfate. The cardiotoxic potential of mitoxantrone was evaluated in all the patients by serial measurements of ejection fraction and by endocardial biopsy of the right ventricle. Patients who achieved a complete response or a partial response (with bone as the only site of disease) on the three-drug combination were continued on this treatment for 2 years, or for 1 year following a complete response, whichever was shorter or as cardiac monitoring permitted. Therapy with doxorubicin, 25 mg/m2/d for two days, followed by continuous infusion vinblastine sulfate, 1.4 mg/m2/d for four days, was given to all patients who progressed after two courses or were stable after six courses of three-drug therapy. The preliminary results from 50 patients show that 4 attained a complete response and 30 a partial response, giving a total response rate of 68%. The median duration of response was more than 7 months (range greater than 5 to greater than 15 months). One patient in complete remission relapsed after 8 months and failed reinduction therapy with doxorubicin-vinblastine sulfate. Myelosuppression, principally granulocytopenia, was the major side effect of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil. Mild to moderate vomiting occurred in 76% of patients and alopecia in 88%. This therapy was discontinued in four patients because of a decreased cardiac ejection fraction and/or symptoms of heart failure. No cardiac biopsy score, however, has been greater than 1.0. These results suggest that a combination of cyclophosphamide-mitoxantrone-5-fluorouracil is effective in untreated, estrogen receptor negative, metastatic breast cancer and is comparable to the doxorubicin combination. Myocardial injury occurs with mitoxantrone, and a safe cumulative dose has yet to be established.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of hormonally unresponsive metastatic breast cancer. 638 62

Thirty-three patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha 2). All patients were ambulatory (performance status greater than or equal to 50 Karnofsky scale) and almost all had received previous chemotherapy. Large intravenous dosages of 30 to 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 were given for five consecutive days every two to three weeks to 22 patients and smaller subcutaneous dosage of 2 X 10(6) IU/m2 three times a week to 11 patients. No complete or partial responses were seen. Two patients had stable disease and the remainder progressed. Flu-like syndromes were seen in all patients. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia were frequent. Hypotension and confusion were noted in six and five patients, respectively. Life-threatening leukopenia was noted in two patients receiving intravenous dosage and thrombocytopenia was noted in one; no sepsis or bleeding complications were noted. In this study, a highly purified and biologically active rIFN-alpha 2 was not associated with activity in previously treated women with metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:A phase II study of recombinant alpha interferon in patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. 647 Jul 52

Twenty-two patients who had metastatic breast cancer previously treated with combination chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF with vincristine and prednisone, were treated with Carminomycin (carubicin) 20 mg/m2 body surface area by intravenous bolus injection once every 3 weeks. Of 21 evaluable patients, 1 patient achieved complete remission, 5 patients achieved partial responses, and 11 remained stable. Cases of acute drug toxicity included myelosuppression, phlebitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms; there were four cases of mild alopecia, which consisted of thinning of the scalp hair. There were three cases of biopsy-proven cardiomyopathy, contrary to previous reports from the United Soviet Socialist Republic, which indicated that this drug was relatively free of cardiotoxicity. The median duration of remission for responders was 23 weeks. It is believed that Carminomycin has significant activity against metastatic breast cancer and, because its side effects, especially nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, were considerably milder than those experienced with Adriamycin, further investigation of this drug is warranted.
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PMID:Carminomycin. A new anthracycline analog in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. 654 98

Twenty-one evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer received three pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide, escalating from 1.5 g/m2 to 2.5 g/m2 in the second and third courses. There were eight partial remissions (34.7%), but most were of short duration. All responding patients had soft tissue or nodal disease, but additional sites of response were bone (three cases), liver and lung (one case each). Marked leucopaenia (median WBC 0.7 X 10(9)/L) occurred 10-12 days after the higher doses (2.5 g/m2) and was associated with nine episodes of severe infection in five patients. Marked vomiting and anorexia led to significant weight loss (mean 4.5 kg) in half the patients, and alopecia was universal. In metastatic breast cancer cyclophosphamide seems to have a shallow dose response curve and high intermittent dosage seems to have no advantage over chronic daily administration.
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PMID:Intermediate dose single agent cyclophosphamide chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. 661

Thirty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer who have failed prior combination chemotherapy including adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate, were treated with AZQ given on a 5-day I.V. schedule repeated every 4 weeks. The starting doses were 6 or 8 mg/m2/day for poor- and good-risk patients, respectively. There were two partial responses among 29 evaluable patients. Both had soft tissue and/or lymph node involvement. Six patients had stable disease. Myelosuppression, predominantly thrombocytopenia, was dose-limiting. Other toxicities were mild, including nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, and malaise. Our results indicate that AZQ given on the 5-day schedule is unlikely to be effective in the treatment of refractory breast cancer.
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PMID:Phase II clinical evaluation of AZQ in metastatic breast cancer. 683 5

104 nonrandomized patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer were treated with monthly cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). One group (group A, 44 patients) received low-dose CMF and another one (group B, 60 patients) received standard doses. In both cases, therapy was cycled every 29 days. Group A patients had a response rate of 50.7%, including 5 complete remissions. The median duration of response was 8.2 months. For group B patients, the response rate was of 68.1%, including 10 complete remissions. The median duration of response was 10.6 months. Toxicity was greater in group B patients, the main side effects being nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia and stomatitis.
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PMID:Cyclic combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: comparison of two CMF schedules. 702 95

A phase II trial was conducted in 57 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer given 2-N-methyl 9-hydroxy-ellipticine (NMHE) as 100 mg/m2 weekly. Evaluation of response, after at least 4 injections, was possible in 46 patients. Two complete regressions (of 3 and 12 months) and 7 regressions of over 50 p. cent were observed, a total regression rate of 19 p. cent. Regression was mainly observed in cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases. No objective regression was noted for pulmonary or hepatic metastases. Bone metastases were not taken in account when assessing response to treatment. Absence of haematological changes must be emphasized. The most frequent side effects were anorexia, nausea +/- vomiting and dryness of mouth. Major toxicity was intravascular haemolysis, observed in 6 of 175 patients receiving NMHE in the Institut Gustave-Roussy, always controlled by symptomatic treatment. This product, of acceptable efficacy in breast cancer treatment, will probably occupy an original place in anti-cancer chemotherapy because of its lack of myelotoxicity.
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PMID:[2 N methyl 9 hydroxy-ellipticine in treatment of metastatic breast cancers (author's transl)]. 703 78

A phase II evaluation of bruceantin was carried out in 15 patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. All patients had received extensive prior therapy including adriamycin, cytoxan, 5-FU, methotrexate, and a vinca alkaloid. Except for two patients with stable disease, no complete or partial response was observed. Drug toxicity, mainly nonhematologic, was severe, with nausea, vomiting, mild hypotension, and fever being the most frequently encountered.
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PMID:Phase II trial of bruceantin in metastatic breast carcinoma. 711 61

Sixty patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to prior doxorubicin combinations were randomized by performance status, dominant disease site, and number of involved organ sites to receive vindesine either as a bolus injection of 3-4 mg/m2 iv every 10-14 days or as a continuous 5-day infusion of 1-1.2 mg/m2/day every 21 days. There were two patients with partial responses (7%) and six with stable disease among the 26 evaluable patients who received bolus injections. Of the 25 evaluable patients who received continuous infusions, seven achieved a partial response (28%) and 11 had stable disease (0.001 less than P less than 0.005). Thirteen patients, after failing to respond to bolus vindesine, were given continuous infusions. Of these, 11 were evaluable and four had partial response (36%). Responses were seen in all organ sites of involvement, with response duration ranging from 2 to 9+ months. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, constipation, neuropathy, fever, and myelosuppression. Except for myelosuppression, which was more evident with the continuous infusion schedule, no significant difference was seen in the frequency of side effects encountered with the two schedules. These results confirmed that there is an improved therapeutic index for vindesine when it is given as a continuous 5-day infusion.
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PMID:Vindesine in the treatment of refractory breast cancer: improvement in therapeutic index with continuous 5-day infusion. 727 12

Sixty breast cancer patients with hormone-resistant metastatic disease who had progressed after chemotherapy with low-dose cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or with L-phenylalanine mustard underwent treatment with a low-dose Adriamycin regimen,i.e., 20 mg/m2, intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 28 days. Two percent of patients had complete responses; 25%, partial responses; 38%, stabilization; and 35%, progression. The time to progression for the responders was similar to that of the stabilized patients, while the responders and stabilized patients survived significantly longer than did the progressors. Responses were seen in nodal, hepatic, dermal/subcutaneous, bone, pulmonary, and peritoneal metastases. The toxicity was mild: 18% of patients had leukocyte counts of less than 3,000/mm3; 10% had platelet counts of less than 90,000/mm3, 22% experience vomiting; and 33% had hair loss. No patient experienced local venous/subcutaneous toxicity or heart failure. Since this regimen of low-dose Adriamycin appears to be as effective as, but less toxic than, the secondary standard-dose of Adriamycin at 60--75 mg/m2 every three weeks, a randomized trial of low-dose Adriamycin vs. standard-dose Adriamycin should be conducted in metastatic breast cancer patients who have previously undergone chemotherapy.
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PMID:An effective low-dose adriamycin regimen as secondary chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer patients. 739 18


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