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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The four alternatives discussed in the previous paper (5), are applied to a number of virus infections which are common in pigs. The enzootic state of SMEDI enteroviruses, vomiting and wasting virus and parvovirus should be promoted by bringing the young gilts into close contact with the older sow population at a sufficiently early stage. There should preferably not be a change of herd for primiparous sows during pregnancy. In parvovirus infection, maternal immunity may be so prolonged that gilts will only be infected after the time of breeding. Therefore, mating should preferably be postponed until they are nine months of age, unless previous serological tests have shown that they are in a state of active immunity. Considering the present disease situation of swine fever in several continental West European countries and consequently they high number of existing virus sources, compulsory vaccination of sows and fattening piglets is recommended against this virus on an international scale for at least three years. This vaccination can be omitted only after the number of outbreaks has been reduced to a very low level. Vaccination is the only possible alternative left in the combat against Aujezky's disease. Caution is undoubtedly indicated in using live vaccines in these cases. So far, methods have not become available for the effective control of transmissible gastroenteritis and prospects are not encouraging. The possibility of eradication of transmissible gastroenteritis is discussed.
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PMID:[Possible methods of control of virus disease in swine today and in the future. II. Specific applications (author's transl)]. 65 95

Clinical and laboratory data of 205 dogs with acute canine parvovirus infection were collected. Seventy-six of these dogs underwent 179 clinical reexaminations. Parvovirus infection can be clinically diagnosed if there are typical gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea) in combination with a leucopenia of under 4000 cells/microliters and/or a rise in antibody titer of two degrees or more. In typical parvovirus infection a distinct hyperthermia often precedes vomiting and diarrhoea. The characteristic fall in leucocyte concentration is rapid and most marked between the 3rd and 5th day of the disease. In some cases virus-induced encephalitis and moderate coincident involvement of the cardiac muscle were seen. Secondary bacterial infections of subcutaneous tissue and lungs as well as invaginations are important complications. Surviving dogs will not necessarily have digestive problems later. Therapeutical considerations are discussed.
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PMID:[Ten years of clinical experiences with canine parvovirus infection CPV-2 infection)]. 132 35

Faecal samples from 54 dogs with diarrhoea and 54 control dogs were cultured for Campylobacter, Salmonella and Yersinia species and controlled for enteric viruses. The campylobacter were identified as either C jejuni/coli or C upsaliensis. In the diarrhoeic group 16 dogs (29.6 per cent) were positive for campylobacter, 10 C upsaliensis and six C jejuni/coli. Concomitant infection with parvovirus was evident in six of the dogs with diarrhoea and campylobacter-positive faecal cultures. In the control group 13 dogs (24.1 per cent) were positive for campylobacter; three of the isolates were C upsaliensis and six C jejuni/coli. Four isolates could not be identified. The most prominent clinical findings in naturally occurring cases were an acute onset of vomiting (12 of 16), diarrhoea (16 of 16) which was often haemorrhagic (nine of 16) and a raised rectal temperature. Dogs were infected experimentally with both C jejuni (three dogs) and C upsaliensis (three dogs). The challenge strains could be identified in faecal samples from all the dogs, but clinical signs of diarrhoea were seen in only one dog infected with C jejuni. Soft faeces was passed by one dog infected with C upsaliensis. It is concluded that C jejuni/coli or C upsaliensis are either primary pathogens or, after predisposing factors such as virus infections, act as secondary pathogens. It also seems probable that Campylobacter species are present in the intestinal flora of the normal dog.
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PMID:Campylobacter in the dog: a clinical and experimental study. 282 68

The clinical signs, hematologic changes, serum and fecal virus titers, specific antibody production and the occurrence of histologic lesions were studied in 22 nine-week-old seronegative beagle dogs inoculated by the oral and intravenous route with canine parvovirus. Approximately 30% of the dogs had clinical signs of pyrexia, depression, vomiting, and diarrhea irrespective of the route of inoculation. Events in the dogs inoculated intravenously preceded those in dogs inoculated orally by approximately two days. Only one dog died. Lymphopenia was the most consistent hematologic change. Viremia always preceded the initiation of fecal virus shedding. Viral titers in the serum and feces were significantly greater in symptomatic dogs compared to asymptomatic dogs. Termination of the plasma viremia coincided with the onset of the humoral immune response, but viremia persisted one day longer in symptomatic dogs. The severity of lymphoid tissue and intestinal infection, assessed by tissue immunofluorescence and histology, was also greater in symptomatic dogs. The severity of intestinal disease was highly correlated with the magnitude and duration of viremia.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of canine parvovirus enteritis: the importance of viremia. 298 78

Case records of 305 dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from July 1, 1981 to Aug 31, 1982, were selected on the basis of admitting diagnoses or signs of diarrhea and vomiting. The case records were subdivided into 3 diagnostic categories, based on final diagnoses and laboratory test results. There were 96 dogs with definite CPV enteritis, 139 with possible CPV enteritis, and 70 with unlikely CPV enteritis. These cases were then stratified by animal's age (less than or equal to 6 months or greater than 6 months) and specific hospital service (medicine or emergency). A control group was selected from all canine case records from the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for conditions other than the criteria used in selecting the case group. Approximately 2 hospital patients were selected for each CPV enteritis case by frequency matching for hospital service and age. The proportion of dogs with definite CPV enteritis that had each of the clinical signs that were studied was greater than that of dogs in the other CPV enteritis diagnostic categories. The overall survival rate for dogs with definite CPV enteritis was 64.0%; survival was not associated with any given clinical sign of disease. Odds ratios (OR) for the risk of CPV enteritis were calculated for breeds with 3 or more dogs with definite CPV enteritis. The Doberman Pinschers (OR = 3.1), Rottweilers (OR = 6.0), and English Springer Spaniels (OR = 8.1) had a significantly increased risk of CPV enteritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis. 300 15

The effect of oral infection of puppies, eight and 10 weeks old, with canine parvovirus of faecal origin was studied. Clinical signs of enteric disease were first apparent at five days after inoculation and persisted during days 6 and 7 after inoculation. The severity of clinical signs varied from transient dullness and anorexia to emesis, dysentery and death. Changes in haematological parameters were first found at day 3 after inoculation when a relative lymphopenia was observed. A profound neutropenia developed in severely affected dogs after the appearance of clinical enteric disease. Post mortem examination revealed thymic atrophy in all dogs killed on day 4 after inoculation. Macroscopic changes in the small intestine were apparent only in animals examined during the phase of severe enteric disease and consisted of thickening, rigidity and congestion of the small intestines. Microscopically there was lymphocytolysis in the thymic cortex and the germinal centres of the lymph nodes from days 2 and 3 after inoculation respectively and this rapidly resulted in depletion of these tissues. There was repopulation of lymph nodes from day 7 after inoculation but significant thymic regeneration was not apparent during the course of this study. In the small intestine, necrosis of crypt epithelium, atrophy of villi and, in some areas, complete collapse of mucosal architecture were found but the extent of these changes varied along the length of the small intestine and between individuals. Regenerative intestinal changes were observed in those animals surviving the acute phase of enteric dysfunction. The variable severity of clinical and enteric lesions, together with the factors which may affect the expression of clinical disease, are discussed.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus enteritis 1: Clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection. 609 17

Canine viral enteritis should be suspected in dogs with an acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea, especially in puppies and where several animals are affected simultaneously. Definitive diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation, most often detection of viral particles in the stool. No diagnostic test is entirely specific or absolutely sensitive, however, and laboratory findings should be weighed accordingly. Immunization is the key to successful control. Effective vaccines for canine parvovirus are available. Maternal antibody suppresses response to vaccination in young pups and is the major problem in the control of infection. Vaccines against canine rotavirus and coronavirus are not available. The need for such vaccines and the feasibility of their effective use have not yet been clearly demonstrated.
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PMID:Canine viral enteritis. 631 16

Approximately 60 persons attended a Christmas dinner, at a Darwin hotel, where oysters were served au natural as part of the menu. Twenty-five of the 28 persons who ate oysters developed symptoms of food poisoning--an attack rate of 89%. Of the 60 persons attending the dinner 44 were investigated. The incubation period and duration of illness were about 36 hours. Diarrhoea occurred in 100% of patients, with colic and nausea in 88% and 80% respectively. Half the patients complained of vomiting and headache. The storage temperature at which the oysters were kept was satisfactory and no bacterial pathogens were grown from the oyster and stool specimens. Electron microscopy revealed two distinct parvovirus-like particles in stool specimens, one of which was identified as Norwalk virus. Serological studies by immune electron microscopy showed the development of antibodies to the Norwalk-like particle by seven out of 10 patients. Confirmatory studies by radioimmunoassay showed a significant rise in antibody titre to Norwalk virus in seven patients.
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PMID:The Darwin outbreak of oyster-associated viral gastroenteritis. 676 72

Sixty dogs with serologically proved parvovirus infection were radiographically evaluated for signs of gastrointestinal disease. Patient grouping was based on duration of illness, which correlated generally with severity of clinical signs. Early in the disease, the radiographic appearance usually was normal. As the disease progressed, abnormal gas and fluid distention of the small bowel became evident. Contrast radiographic findings usually were normal early in the disease but became abnormal as the disease progressed. Vomiting of the contrast agent, delayed gastrointestinal transit time, flocculation, and abnormal bowel patterns were observed frequently. It was concluded that noncontrast radiographic features of canine parvovirus enteritis often were similar to those identified in other gastrointestinal disorders and, therefore, were not always specific for the disease. Results of contrast radiography, however, were highly specific for parvovirus enteritis. Intestinal contrast examination was believed to be a reliable means of differentiating parvovirus enteritis from clinically similar disorders and in ruling out primary or secondary intestinal obstruction. The duration of illness was correlated with the number, severity, and nature of radiographic signs.
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PMID:Radiographic appearance of canine parvovirus enteritis. 705 62

A serological study of canine parvovirus (CPV) infections in a colony of dogs was conducted over a period of 8 months. Twenty-two of 24 adults samples initially had significant antibody titres to CPV. Nine litters of puppies were bled at fortnightly intervals and the sera tested for antibodies to CPV. Twenty-nine of 35 naturally PV infections observed were subclinical. A puppy in one litter developed vomiting and diarrhoea during the same period as seroconversion to CPV. Four puppies from a further litter developed histologically confirmed myocarditis. Serological testing of this latter litter indicated that the virus infections occurred between 2 weeks prior to and 1 week post whelping, and that clinical disease developed 20-40 days after viral infection. The mean half life of the decline of passively derived immunity to CPV was 8.3 days.
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PMID:Canine parvovirus infections in a colony of dogs. 717 17


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