Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of a new contraceptive delayed-action preparation, Deposiston is reviewed. Deposiston is the estrogen-progestin preparation with predominant estrogen activity. The estrogen and progestin eomponents of the preparation are ehtinyl estradiol and norethindrone acetate, respectively. Contraceptive effect is associated with gonadotropic stimulation by estrogen component, while progestin component provides the thermogenic effect. Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicity tests show safety of Deposiston. Clinical trials of Deposiston in 815 women over the period of 16,207 cycles (18.1 cycles/woman) confirm contraceptive efficacy of the preparation: pregnancy occurred in only 12 women. Side effects of Deposiston include nausea (16.06%), vomiting (3.7%), headache (5.08%), and vaginal discharge (11.86%). Each Deposiston package contains 3 white estrogen tablets and 2 red progestin tablets. A woman starts to take Deposiston on day 4 of the cycle: white tablets are taken on days 4, 11, and 18 and 2 red tablets are taken on day 25. On day 2-7 after the red progestin tablets, the woman experiences hemorrhage. Average duration of and the amount of blood loss during the hemorrhage do not differ from those during the normal menstruation. Deposiston is indicated for women with recurrent uterine hemorrhages, gastrointestinal disorders, and decreased libido. The preparation is contraindicated for adolescents younger than 16 years of age, for women with hormonal active tumors, thromboembolism, chronic liver diseases, and idiopathic jaundice.
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PMID:[Hormonal contraception using the oral depot preparation, Deposiston]. 35 70

A pilot study was conducted to determine the differences in frequency of physical complaints between 179 Black patients (112 oral contraceptive (OC) users and 67 IUD users) with sickle cell trait (AS) and those without AS. 6 physical complaint types were analyzed: dysmenorrhea; mental depression; vaginal discharge; fatigue; headaches; and nausea-vomiting. Out of 5690 Black patients with hemoglobin AA, 112 OC users and 67 IUD patients with similar age and parity were randomly selected to serve as controls. Cumulative complaint rates (CCR) were measured in comparing the experiences of AS and control patients in the 6 complaint categories. No significant differences between AS and control CCRs at level .05 for any of the 6 complaints were observed for both the OC and IUD groups. For OC users, AS patients reported higher CCR's than control patients for cramps and mental depression while for IUD users, AS patients had higher CCR's for mental depression. The relationship between OCs and mental depression is not clear yet, and further research would benefit AS patients. Another major concern for OC users is the possible development of hypercoagulable state with resultant thromboembolism. Also, evidence suggests that crisis, splenic infarction, and hematuria can develop in AS patients under special conditions; the role of OCs in enhancing the infarctive process in AS patients is not known and needs to be studied further. Further clinical research should also be done to determine the effect of contraception on dysmenorrhea and mental depression in AS patients. AS patients should be observed regularly.
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PMID:Physical complaints of patients with sickle cell trait. 112 75

Toremifene is an antiestrogen that binds strongly to estrogen receptors (ER). A total of 19 previously treated postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer whose performance status was good and whose ER status was positive or unknown were studied to determine the maximum tolerated dose of toremifene. Cohorts of patients received 200, 300, or 400 mg/m2 p.o. daily until relapse or unacceptable toxicity had occurred. Nausea, vomiting, and dizziness were dose-related. Three of five patients receiving 400 mg/m2 experienced moderate or severe vomiting and another developed reversible disorientation and hallucinations. Mild sweating, peripheral edema, vaginal discharge, and hot flushes were encountered at all doses. Reversible corneal pigmentation was identified in seven cases but was not of clinical importance. The pharmacokinetics of toremifene was studied weekly and in detail on day 42 using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay that identified the parent compound and three active metabolites, N-desmethyltoremifene, (deaminohydroxy)toremifene, and didemethyltoremifene. Steady state was achieved at 1-3 weeks. The toremifene area under the curve and the maximal concentration were dose-dependent at high doses. The recommended phase II dose is 300 mg/m2 p.o. daily.
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetics study of high-dose toremifene in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. 138 61

Seventy-five female patients suffering from advanced breast cancer were treated with toilet mastectomy, radiotherapy and oophorectomy (if premenopausal) or tamoxifen therapy (if postmenopausal) as well as chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and prednisone. The most common side-effects of combined chemohormonal therapy were gastro-intestinal (nausea, vomiting, rarely diarrhoea) in 43 patients (57.3%), followed by alopecia in 23 patients (30.6%), myelosuppression in 12 patients (16%), extravasation and thrombophlebitis in 7 patients (9.3%), and mucositis and oral erythema in 3 patients (4%). Side-effects of tamoxifen therapy such as vaginal discharge, bleeding, hot flushes were encountered in 10 patients (13.3%). Hypercalcaemia, tumour flare and hepatic, renal, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological toxicities were not encountered. Improvement of 10-30% in Karnofsky performance status was noted in responders while 20-30% deterioration was observed in non-responders. Combination therapy was mostly well tolerated, side-effects were few and toxicities were temporary and reversible.
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PMID:Toxicity and side-effects of combination chemohormonal therapy of advanced breast cancer. 158 18

A review was made of clinical and laboratory findings in 104 women who, during 1978 to 1981, were subjected to laparoscopy because of symptoms suggestive of acute salpingitis, and who harbored Chlamydia trachomatis but not Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the genital tract. The patients with acute salpingitis (N = 76) did not differ significantly from those with visually normal fallopian tubes (N = 28) in regard to age distribution, parity, contraceptive method used, proportion of women with urethritis symptoms, increased vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated rectal temperature, elevated white blood cell count, and palpable pelvic masses. The acute salpingitis patients more often had irregular bleeding and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, whereas the patients without acute salpingitis more often had a short history of pelvic pain. The two groups overlapped considerably with respect to the number of symptoms and clinical signs of pelvic infection. The results emphasize the value of laparoscopy in the diagnosis or exclusion of a tubal infection in association with a chlamydial genital infection and pelvic pain, even if there are comparatively few additional symptoms of ascending infection.
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PMID:Laparoscopy in women with chlamydial infection and pelvic pain: a comparison of patients with and without salpingitis. 621 34

4 reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) occurred in late 1983 among users of the vaginal contraceptive sponge (VCS). All patients manifested fever, hypotension, diffuse rash, desquamation, nausea, vomiting, myalgias, mucous membrane hyperemia, and vaginal discharge. All were hospitalized, treated with intravenous fluids and antimicrobial agents, and recovered. Vaginal cultures in each case were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The VCS is made of polyurethane impregnated with the spermicide nonoxynol-9 and is intended to provide 24 hours of contraception. During clinical trials the average woman using only this method of contraception used 10 sponges/month. Package labels state that if symptoms compatible with TSS develop users should seek medical care. Women who use the VCS should read the package insert carefully and follow the manufacturer's directions. Women who have had TSS should consult a physician before using a VCS and so should postpartum women. If it is assumed that the 4 cases reported were attributable to a VCS, a minimum estimate of the incidence of nonmenstrual TSS associated with VCS use would be 10/year/100,000 women who use only VCS compared to 5-10/year/100,000 who use tampons. The use of contraceptive methods other than the VCS may also affect the risk of developing TSS; cases of nonemnstrual TSS among diaphragm users have been reported. Conversely the use of oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of developing menstrual TSS.
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PMID:Toxic-shock syndrome and the vaginal contraceptive sponge. 631 70

A case report is presented of toxic shock syndrome associated wtih diaphragm use. The patient, an 18-year old white woman, gravida 1, para 1, was in good health prior to the reported episode. She had a low transverse cesarean section for fetal distress 3 months prior to admission and had not yet resumed menstruation. 48 hours prior to admission, after unprotected intercourse, she developed a vaginal discharge requiring the use of a pad. 12 hours later she used a diaphragm, left it in place overnight, and failed to remove it the next morning. During the day pelvic and lumbar pain developed, followed by vomiting and a fever as high as 103 degrees Farenheit. That evening, 12 hours before admission, the diaphragm was removed with drainage of copious purulent discharge. The edges of the diaphragm and the discharge were blood streaked. She also developed a diffuse macular blanching rash, sparing only the circumoral region. At the time of admission the following morning her blood pressure was 60/0mmHg; pulse, 180 beats/minute; and temperature, 102 degrees Farenheit. Significant physical findings included the rash, conjunctivitis, a pharyngeal infection, and a lack of adenopathy. Pelvic examination showed a vaginal discharge, a very tender, slightly enlarged warm uterus, and normal adnexa. Cultures of the vaginal discharge were positive for Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, and sensitive to methicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, colistin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The white blood count rose from 11,000/mm on admission to a high of 13,000/mm with a left shift the next day. The patient received 1.2 million units of intravenous penicillin every 4 hours, 80 mg of gentamicin every 8 hours, and 300 mg of clindamycin every 6 hours, as well as fluid replacement of 2 g of methylprednisolone followed by 1 g every 6 hours. The shock, fever, and rash resolved in the following 48 hours. 2 days after admission there was circumoral exfoliation. The discharge and electrolyte and renal abnormalities cleared in 3 days. Laboratory abnormalities corrected in 24-48 hours except for liver function tests. After 8 days in the hospital, the patient was discharged on 500 mg of cloxacillin every 6 hours. This particular case is unusual because it began with development of a vaginal discharge without vaginal obstruction, developed during a 24-hour period when a diaphragm was in place, and was not associated with menstruation. Whether the discharge represented staphylococcal infection is unknown, but the diaphragm certainly seems to have contributed to the course of events.
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PMID:Toxic shock syndrome associated with diaphragm use. 682 38

This study in cats compared the effects of a natural prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and cabergoline, administered on and after day 30 after mating, with regard to the plasma progesterone concentration, the induction of abortion and the side effects of each regimen. PGF2 alpha, through a direct luteolytic action, induced abortion by an abrupt and rapid (24 h) decline in the plasma progesterone concentration. Using doses (2 mg per cat) comparable to the ones selected in a previous study, 100% of abortions (4/4) in cats treated from day 33 of gestation were obtained. Cabergoline (1.65 micrograms kg-1 day-1, administered subcutaneously for 5 days), through its antiprolactinic action induced abortion in 80% (4/5) of the cats treated on day 30 of gestation. The abortion was initiated by means of a reduction in plasma progesterone concentration to < 1 ng ml-1. This reduction was not as rapid (3-4 days), however, as that obtained with PGF2 alpha (24 h). Prostaglandins always induced significant side effects such as nausea, prostration, vomiting and diarrhoea, within 10 min following injection, whereas cabergoline never induced side effects or behavioural disturbances. In addition, cabergoline usually induced abortion through fetal resorption (75% of cases), without any clinical sign other than some vaginal discharge.
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PMID:Abortion induction in the cat using prostaglandin F2 alpha and a new anti-prolactinic agent, cabergoline. 822 56

Dexamethasone was administered orally for 7.5 or 9.5 days to 80 pregnant bitches to terminate unwanted pregnancy at an outpatient clinic. Treatment was initiated at day 30-35 (n = 74) or day 45-50 (n = 6) of confirmed pregnancy using one of two dosages. In 62 bitches, dexamethasone was administered twice a day for 7.5 days increasing from 0.1 to 0.2 mg kg-1 over the first 2 days of administration and decreasing from 0.16 to 0.02 mg kg-1 over the last five administrations. The 18 remaining bitches were given dexamethasone twice a day for 9.5 days, at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1 for 7 days and then decreasing from 0.16 to 0.02 mg kg-1 over the last five administrations. Pregnancy was terminated without complication in 75 of the 80 bitches, and uterine contents were absorbed or aborted or both. Pregnancy was not terminated in five bitches treated for 7.5 days beginning at day 30-35 of gestation. In four of them parturition occurred at the normal time; in one, pregnancy was terminated by a second treatment. Pregnancy termination occurred at 7-15 days after the start of treatment. During ultrasonographic imaging of 13 bitches treated with dexamethasone, fetal deaths occurred between 5 and 13 days after the start of treatment. The side effects reported by the owners included polydipsia and polyuria, which were observed in all of the bitches and which disappeared when the treatment was discontinued. Some bitches also experienced vaginal discharge, restlessness, anorexia or emesis. At the first or second cycle after treatment, 20 bitches were mated and had normal pregnancies and normal litters. The results suggest that oral treatment with dexamethasone can be used to terminate pregnancy in bitches, but that in some cases the withdrawal of treatment after 8 days can result in retention of live pups and require a further treatment or the use of another abortifacient.
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PMID:Clinical use of dexamethasone for termination of unwanted pregnancy in dogs. 940 90

The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) would be effective for the treatment of metritis or pyometra in the bitch. Seventeen bitches with metritis or pyometra were treated with PGF2 alpha. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (150 micrograms/kg body weight) was administered once or twice daily by infusing 0.3 ml per 10 kg body wt into the vaginal lumen. Bitches were also treated with amoxicillin (15 mg/kg body wt/48 h) and/or gentamicin (4 mg/kg body wt/day) administered as intramuscular (i.m.) injections. Fifteen bitches were treated successfully with intravaginally administered PGF2 alpha for 3 to 12 days and with intramuscularly administered antibiotics for 4 to 12 days. Success of treatment was judged by cessation of vaginal discharge, the absence of fluid in the uterus as determined by ultrasonography, and the overall health status of the animal. As two bitches with pyometra showed clinical deterioration in spite of medical treatment, ovariohysterectomy was performed after the first and the second treatment, respectively. No side effects (salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperpnoea, ataxia, urination, anxiety, pupillary dilatation followed by contraction) were observed after PGF2 alpha treatment. The disease did not recur during the subsequent oestrous cycles within 12 months after the initial treatment. The results demonstrate that intravaginal administration of PGF2 alpha was effective in 13 dogs (86.6%) with metritis or pyometra, and caused no side effects. Although the study was based on a relatively small number of cases, it is concluded that prostaglandin F2 alpha can be a useful means of treating bitches with metritis or pyometra. However, in severe cases of pyometra ovariohysterectomy is needed.
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PMID:Intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha for the treatment of metritis and pyometra in the bitch. 1021 34


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