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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The West Indies, and associated parts of the Caribbean area, are extremely diverse and afford interesting examples for the study of geographical medicine. Short accounts are given of some conditions whose aetiologies have been relatively recently clarified, including vomiting sickness of Jamaica, veno-occlusive disease of Jamaica, blackfat pulmonary fibrosis of Guyana, and epidemic acute glomerulonephritis of Trinidad. The aetiology of tropical sprue, which is common in Puerto Rico and absent from Jamaica remains to be explained although a hypothesis has been put forward. Further work is needed to establish the geographical distribution of idiopathic cardiomegaly and the spinal neuropathies and associated syndromes of retrobulbar neuritis and sensorineural deafness before their aetiologies can be understood.
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PMID:Some non-infective diseases endemic in the West Indies. 15 86

Preliminary results of this retrospective-prospective analysis of renal hypertension in 110 children indicate that hypertension may be secondary to a wide variety of acute progresive, and chronic renal diseases which may be either congenital or acquired. Affected children may be detected at any time from infancy through adolescence. Symptoms usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis (i.e., headache, swelling, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness, and fever) occur in both acute and chronic renal diseases associated with hypertension. Headache and swelling are the most common symptoms in this series. Peripheral edema, rales, and increased heart size were found in between 10 and 25% of these children. Differential diagnosis may be approached by a consideration of causes of acute and chronic hypertension. The child with chronic renal disease usually presents with a long history of fatigability, poor growth, and pallor, and laboratory tests reveal elevation of the creatinine and BUN along with anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In contrast, the child with acute renal disease and hypertension presents with a history of prior good health followed by the abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of renal disease; laboratory tests usually reveal modest elevations of creatinine and BUN, anemia is unusual, an abnormal urinalysis is common, and serum calcium and phosphorous levels are usually normal. Renovascular and asymmetric renal parenchymal disease represent uncommon but important conditions because surgery may be curative. Treatment may be surgical, medical, or combined. Surgical conditions include renal trauma, hydronephrosis, asymmetric renal disease, and renal arterial disease. Adequate blood pressure control without medication can be expected following surgery in instances of unilateral involvement with a normal contralateral kidney. Meticulous assessment of the contralateral kidney is needed to determine that it is normal. If surgery is unsuccessful or is not indicated, pharmacologic therapy is initiated with a stepwise regimen starting with the mildest agent (e.g., thiazides) and then adding additional antihypertensive drugs when adequate blood pressure control has not yet been achieved. The goal of therapy is the lowest, safest, tolerated blood pressure levels. Long-term, carefully designed studies of antihypertensive agents for children with renal hypertension are not available. The need for collection and critical analysis of data concerning the clinical course of children with renal hypertension is evident from a review of the literature and from the preliminary data presented in this series. The presentation of such information and a critique of outcome variables will provide a basis for program planning for affected children and improvement in patient care where indicated.
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PMID:Renal hypertension in children. 99 44

A 14 year old boy was admitted for vomiting, anorexia, flank pain and leukocyturia/hematuria. Shortly after admission, he developed anuria and acute renal failure so that hemodialysis had to be started. Pre- and post-renal causes were excluded. There were no signs of acute glomerulonephritis; liver enzymes were normal. The 123Iodine-Hippuran scan showed a shock kidney pattern lacking tubular clearance. Renal biopsy revealed an interstitial nephritis with edema and a mixed cellular infiltration. History was empty for nephrotoxic agents except for mushroom ingestion: Five days before admission the boy ate Cortinarius speciocissimus mushrooms, the toxine of which is known to be nephrotoxic, causing irreversible renal failure in severe cases (Orellanus Syndrome). Renal function did not improve much and renal transplantation was performed after 14 months on hemodialysis. In interstitial nephritis of unknown etiology the possibility of mushroom poisoning should be considered.
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PMID:[Terminal renal failure caused by interstitial nephritis following mushroom poisoning by Cortinarius speciocissimus]. 361 24

Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis with hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by episodic hypertension with headache, vomiting, and hematuria. The association between hypertensive encephalopathy and cortical blindness in children with acute glomerulonephritis is extremely rare. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with acute glomerulonephritis who presented with gross hematuria, headache, vomiting, and oliguria, and developed transient cortical blindness as a complication of hypertensive encephalopathy. No occurrence of seizure was observed during the clinical course. T2-weighted cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity signal over cortical and subcortical areas of bilateral occipital regions. His vision recovered fully, 2 days after receiving antihypertensive therapy. The patient was well without complaint at 1-year follow-up. This case highlights the possibility that cortical blindness may develop as a complication of acute glomerulonephritis in children. Prevention of the occurrence of neurological deficits in children with acute glomerulonephritis and hypertensive encephalopathy requires careful evaluation and appropriate management of hypertension.
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PMID:Cortical blindness in a boy with acute glomerulonephritis. 1268 14

Long considered a benign infection, Plasmodium vivax is now increasingly recognised as a cause of severe and fatal malaria. Various atypical presentations of vivax malaria have been reported. This report highlights the occurrence of acute glomerulonephritis in a 7-year-old girl who presented with fever and vomiting. Peripheral smear examination demonstrated ring forms of P. vivax. OptiMAL test was positive for P. vivax and negative for Plasmodium falciparum. She was managed with antimalarial and antihypertensive drugs and made an uneventful recovery.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis: an unusual manifestation of Plasmodium vivax malaria. 2157 26

It remains elusive what factors affect posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Eleven PRES children, all with acute glomerulonephritis, Alport syndrome, and lupus nephritis, 5 with nephrosis, and 3 renal transplant recipients, were studied. PRES recurred in 1 patient. Neurological symptoms were graded as 1: mild (headache, nausea/vomiting, or tremor), 2: moderate (vision change), and 3: severe (mental dysfunction, cerebellar symptoms, seizures, recurrence of seizures, and coma). Magnetic resonance imaging was graded as 1: subtle change, 2: abnormal large areas, and 3: complete involvement of the regions. The common symptoms were seizures (100%), headache (82%), nausea/vomiting (73%), coma (55%), and vision change (46%). Seizures recurred in 7 (64%). All but one (91%) developed hypertension and 7 (64%) received calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Edema occurred in 7 (64%) and renal insufficiency/end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 4 (36%). Seizures recurred frequently in younger patients. Symptoms were severe in girls. Duration or severity of the condition with predisposing factors (hypertension, CNI, nephrosis or renal insufficiency/ERSD) did not make a difference in the symptoms and neuroimaging. Two patients developed chronic epilepsy. Age and gender may affect PRES symptoms. Our results are limited by small sample size and should be determined using larger numbers of patients.
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PMID:Age and gender may affect posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in renal disease. 2182 8

Although acute glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, it has not been reported in connection with Plasmodium vivax. We report a case of complicated P. vivax malaria presenting as acute glomerulonephritis. A three-year-old boy presented with high grade fever, a seven-day history of the progressive swelling of his body and a one-day history of vomiting. An examination revealed hypertension (>95th percentile), pallor and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations showed a platelet count 80,000/mm(3) with haematuria [20-30 red blood cells/high power field with more than 80% dysmorphic red blood cells]. A peripheral smear showed the presence of trophozoites of P. vivax. The patient was diagnosed as having P. vivax causing acute glomerulonephritis and was treated successfully with antimalarials and enalapril. With the changing epidemiological pattern of malaria, especially in endemic areas, unusual complications such as acute glomerulonephritis may sometimes present in cases of P. vivax malaria.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax presenting as acute glomerulonephritis in a 3-year-old child. 2229 Jan 13

Renal damage in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been reported in association with shock, haemolysis, rhabdomyolysis and sepsis. This report describes acute glomerulonephritis with DHF without the above-mentioned complications. A 3-year-old boy presented with fever, vomiting and oliguria. He had hypertension, deranged renal function and low serum complement (C3), and urine microscopy showed red blood cells and granular casts. The IgM and IgG ELISA (rapid test) for dengue virus were positive. He was managed with maintenance fluids, intravenous furosemide and supportive care. He made an uneventful recovery and was discharged 7 days after admission.
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PMID:Acute glomerulonephritis in dengue haemorrhagic fever in the absence of shock, sepsis, haemolysis or rhabdomyolysis. 2282 65