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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Volvulus of the sigmoid colon is a very uncommon cause of acute obstruction in children. Although common in adults in India, it was found to account for only 0.8 per cent of all acute obstructions in infants and children in this institution. It causes a proximal torsional obstruction of the colon with an acute onset of symptoms. The onset of volvulus is characterized by colicky pain over the left lower quadrant, vomiting, tenderness, and rigidity in te left lower quadrant. A scout film of the abdomen may be inconclusive, but a barium-enema examination is diagnostic. The number of cases reported is too small to allow conclusions about the best treatment for children who have sigmoidal volvulus.
Dis Colon Rectum
PMID:Sigmoidal volvulus in childhood: report of two cases. 83 63

Hiatal hernia should be included in the differential diagnosis of all children with emesis and failure to thrive, since early diagnosis is imperative to prevent the irreversible esophageal damage from long-standing peptic esophagitis. The Nissen fundoplication as described in this paper appears to be far superior to gastropexy in preventing recurrence of gastroesophageal reflux. Colon interposition should be reserved for those cases in which hiatal herniorrhaphy is technically impossible. Successful repair of the hiatal hernia results in rapid improvement in the nutritional status of these children.
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PMID:Surgical management of hiatal hernia in children. 118 64

Undiagnosed abdominal emergencies account for 10 percent of all fatalities among patients with spinal cord injuries. A large number of these emergencies involve the lower gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study is to bring attention to the occult nature of colorectal disease in spinal cord patients and to highlight the subtle, but characteristic, symptoms and signs that develop in these patients. The authors identified 13 spinal cord patients in whom a lesion developed in either the appendix, colon, rectum, or anus. The average age of all patients was 36.2 years. Trauma and multiple sclerosis were the most common etiology of spinal cord injury. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal distention, vomiting, and constipation. The average delay in diagnosis of the colorectal disease was 35.8 hours. An 84% morbidity and 22% mortality were observed. This study indicates that any deviation from the normal lifestyle of the spinal cord patient should alert one to the possibility of visceral inflammation. Furthermore, close attention to the signs of autonomic dysreflexia or changes in spasticity, along with a thorough evaluation of the ill-appearing spinal cord patient, may uncover occult colonic or rectal disease.
Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Feb
PMID:Colorectal disease in spinal cord patients. An occult diagnosis. 229 99

Nine cases of gastric fistula occurring in patients with Crohn's disease were treated at The Mount Sinai Hospital over the past three decades. Six cases were found in a review of 1480 patients with Crohn's disease admitted between 1960 and 1983. Three others seen at this institution outside the time frame of the author's study have also been included. Among six new cases, five with cologastric fistula occurred among 907 patients with Crohn's disease involving the colon (0.6 percent), while only one with ileogastric fistula was encountered among 1211 patients with ileal disease (0.08 percent). Fistulas between the stomach and colon always originated in an area of colitis, usually passing from distal transverse colon to greater curvature, but occasionally from midtransverse colon to antrum. The only pathognomonic clinical features were feculent vomiting, eructations, or odor. Diagnosis usually was made by barium enema or, less frequently, by upper gastrointestinal series; rarely, the gastric fistula was found unexpectedly at surgery. The conventional and recommended therapy is colectomy with wedge excision of the stomach. Medical treatment with 6-mercaptopurine has been completely successful in one patient and intermittently successful in a second patient.
Dis Colon Rectum 1989 Oct
PMID:Gastric fistulas in Crohn's disease. Report of cases. 279 74

In the search for a superior alternative to conventional bowel preparation which often gives unsatisfactory results in children, we have introduced whole-gut irrigation for pediatric use. After a pilot study on 15 children during which adjustments on the technique were made, we settled on an intensive regimen with some notable modifications from conventional adult practice: the use of warm Hartmann's solution, a relatively large fluid load (mean volume 5.3 l/kg body weight, range 3.0 - 12.0 l/kg) and a rapid infusion rate (1.5 ml/kg/min). We then evaluated its safety, effectiveness, and acceptability prospectively on 45 patients undergoing colonoscopy or colorectal surgery, age ranging from 4 months to 11 years, with a mean of 3.9 years. Subjective complaints were mild and included nausea/vomiting, 12 cases (26.7 percent); abdominal colic, two (4.4 percent); and distending discomfort, three (6.7 percent). There was a mean weight gain of 4.0 percent but no gross electrolyte disturbances. Results of bowel preparation were satisfactory in 33 (73.3 percent), adequate in ten (22.2 percent) and poor in two (4.4 percent). Compared with our previous method, in which inadequate preparation occurred in 4/20 patients, (20 percent) by conventional measures, whole-gut irrigation represents a statistically significant improvement (P less than 0.05). In addition, whole-gut irrigation shortened hospital stay and obviated the traditional need of two to three days' dietary restrictions.
Dis Colon Rectum 1986 Apr
PMID:Whole-gut irrigation in infants and young children. 394 16

Caustic and corrosive substance ingestions are a significant cause of early and late morbidity and may cause esophageal carcinoma after a long latent period. Initial management should be directed at the assurance of adequate ventilation and cardiovascular stability as well as the prevention of vomiting. Early esophagoscopy (to the level of first lesion, if present) is useful to identify those patients who do not need hospitalization or treatment. Esophagoscopy and contrast esophagram are useful to define the full extent of esophageal injury, but should be withheld until after the acute phase. Glucocorticoids are probably useful in limiting the extent and severity of esophageal stricture, the most frequent and significant long-term sequela. Colon interposition is used in those situations in which dilation of a stricture has been unsuccessful, and may prevent the subsequent development of esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:Caustic substance injuries. 402 May 40

Three cases of benign duodenocolic fistula are presented, and the diagnosis and treatment reviewed. Patients with benign duodenocolic fistulas usually complain of diarrhea, and occasionally nausea and feculent vomiting. Physical examinations are nonspecific, revealing wasting from the chronic diarrhea. Barium enemas are usually diagnostic. Therapy consists of excision of the fistula and repair of the duodenal and colonic defects.
Dis Colon Rectum 1985 Nov
PMID:Benign duodenocolic fistula. 405 98

The authors compared two groups of patients receiving oral 5% mannitol for bowel preparation to see whether the volume of rectal effluent and quantity of bowel preparation could be maintained by a smaller oral mannitol intake supplemented by an intravenous infusion. Nineteen patients drank 2--3 1 5% mannitol, supplemented by an intravenous infusion of N/saline (intravenous Group) and 19 patients drank 4--5 1 5% mannitol (oral group). The volume of rectal effluent and the quality of bowel preparation was the same in both groups. The loss of sodium in the oral group was corrected by the intravenous infusion, but the infusion resulted in greater water retention. There was no reduction in the incidence of vomiting between the two groups.
Dis Colon Rectum
PMID:An attempt to reduce the side effects of mannitol bowel preparation by intravenous infusion. 680 51

We describe the case of a young and otherwise healthy nurse who developed pseudomembranous colitis ten days after receiving oral clindamycin for dental infection. Her clinical course was particularly stormy and was characterized by severe diarrhea and vomiting, profuse ascites, pleural effusion, abdominal tenderness, peritoneal irritation, and systemic toxicity. The Clostridium difficile assay was negative on two occasions. Features compatible with pseudomembranous colitis were seen at sigmoidoscopy, and the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsies.
Dis Colon Rectum 2000 Feb
PMID:Pseudomembranous colitis: report of a severe case with unusual clinical signs in a young nurse. 1069 3

Gastrointestinal complications are frequent in renal transplant recipients and can include oral lesions, esophagitis, peptic ulcer, diarrhea, colon disorders and malignancy. Oral lesions may be caused by drugs such as cyclosporine and sirolimus, by virus or fungal infections. Leukoplakia may develop in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The commonest esophageal disorder is represented by fungal esophagitis usually caused by candida. A number of patients may suffer from nausea, vomiting and gastric discomfort. These disorders are more frequent in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Peptic ulcer is more rare than in the past. Patients with a history of peptic ulcer are particularly prone to this complication. Other gastroduodenal disorders are caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex infection. Diarrhea is a frequent disorder which may be caused by pathogen microorganisms or by immunosuppressive agents. The differential diagnosis may be difficult. Colon disorders mainly consist of hemorrhage, usually sustained by CMV infection, or perforation which may be caused by diverticulitis or intestinal ischemia. Colon cancer, anal carcinoma, and EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are particularly frequent in transplant recipients. A particular gastric lymphoma called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma may develop in renal transplant patients. It usually responds to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal complications in renal transplant recipients. 1591 Feb 87


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