Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis with hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by episodic hypertension with headache, vomiting, and hematuria. The association between hypertensive encephalopathy and cortical blindness in children with acute glomerulonephritis is extremely rare. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with acute glomerulonephritis who presented with gross hematuria, headache, vomiting, and oliguria, and developed transient cortical blindness as a complication of hypertensive encephalopathy. No occurrence of seizure was observed during the clinical course. T2-weighted cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity signal over cortical and subcortical areas of bilateral occipital regions. His vision recovered fully, 2 days after receiving antihypertensive therapy. The patient was well without complaint at 1-year follow-up. This case highlights the possibility that cortical blindness may develop as a complication of acute glomerulonephritis in children. Prevention of the occurrence of neurological deficits in children with acute glomerulonephritis and hypertensive encephalopathy requires careful evaluation and appropriate management of hypertension.
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PMID:Cortical blindness in a boy with acute glomerulonephritis. 1268 14

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy refers to a clinicoradiological syndrome observed in patients presenting with acute or subacute symptoms of various intensity including seizures, headache, vomiting, confusion and visual abnormalities. The radiological features are reversible bilateral white matter abnormalities predominantly located in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres, demonstrated by computed tomography or, better, by magnetic resonance imaging. This syndrome mostly occurs in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy or in immunosuppressed patients. The recognition of this syndrome is critical as delay in the diagnosis or treatment can result in permanent neurological deficit while early prompt control of blood pressure or withdrawal of causative drugs can reverse the syndrome.
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PMID:[Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome]. 1457 10

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLES), previously known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), is characterized by the presence of bilateral lesions located within the posterior border zones of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. This condition commonly presents with headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision and level of consciousness, and seizures. RPLES has been associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, renal failure, and immunosuppressive therapy following transplant. We report the development of RPLES in a boy following implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RPLES in association with the use of LVAD.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome associated with left ventricular assist device. 1638 57

Hypertensive encephalopathy rarely presented with widespread edema in the cerebral white matters, deep structures and whole brainstem. A 80-year-old woman manifested as high arterial blood pressure, visual disturbance, severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal-intensity lesions in the cerebral white matter, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. Diffusion-weighted brain MRI did not show hyperintense signals in these lesions. These findings suggested the pathological basis of vasogenic edema. After control of hypertension, clinical symptoms and these edematous lesions on MRI gradually reduced.
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PMID:Hypertensive encephalopathy involving the brainstem and deep structures: a case report. 1642 46

Generally, prognosis of hypertensive encephalopathy in childhood is favorable. We reported a 5-year-old girl who presented with a headache attack and EEG abnormalities after hypertensive encephalopathy due to purpura nephritis. The patient had suffered from hypertensive encephalopathy due to purpura nephritis, which soon ameliorated. Five months later, she developed attacks of headache, vomiting and disturbed consciousness with left side-predominant EEG abnormalities. Although carbamazepine and sodium valproate failed to improve her condition, zonisamide eradicated both the symptoms and EEG abnormalities, and an attack has not reoccurred for 5 years since completion of her treatment. It is noteworthy that delayed-onset complications can occur in child hypertensive encephalopathy, cases of which should be followed up prudently. Zonisamide should be considered for treatment of attacks of headaches with an epileptic character.
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PMID:Zonisamide eradicated paroxysmal headache with EEG abnormalities triggered by hypertensive encephalopathy due to purpura nephritic syndrome. 1680 78

We report a patient of a 20-year-old woman of Takayasu's arteritis and hypertensive encephalopathy. The symptoms started with headache and vomiting following status epilepticus. On arrival at the emergency room in our hospital, fever was apparent and cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis. After the admission, the patient presented with hypertension, decreased right brachial pulse and the difference between bilateral brachial arterial blood pressures on examination. There had been no history of arterial hypertension. The MR angiography revealed stenoses of the bilateral cervical, especially right cervical, right middle cerebral and left renal arteries. Brain MRI showed transient hyperintense lesions of the left fronto-parieto-occipital cortices and subcortical white matter in FLAIR and diffusion weighted images. These alterations suggested the presence of reversible vasogenic edema induced by hypertensive encephalopathy. We need to be aware of young patients with convulsion, especially young women, who has arterial hypertension as well as the difference with blood pressures between extremities.
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PMID:[Case of unilateral alteration due to hypertensive encephalopathy]. 1838 28

The posterior/potentially reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a unique syndrome encountered commonly in hypertensive encephalopathy. A 13-year-old boy presented with of intermittent high grade fever, throbbing headache and non-projective vomiting for 5 days. The patient had a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg but fundoscopy documented grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy. The patient improved symptomatically following conservative management. However, on the 5(th) post-admission day headache reappeared, and blood pressure measured at that time was 240/120 mmHg. Neuroimaging suggested white matter abnormalities. Search for the etiology of secondary hypertension led to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Repeated MRI after successful surgical excision of the tumor patient showed reversal of white matter abnormalities. Reversible leucoencephalopathy due to pheochromocytoma have not been documented in literature previously.
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PMID:The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. 1881 Mar 59

A 14-year-old female had repeated vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, visual field deficit and lethargy at the onset of hypertensive encephalopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test revealed a high level of IgG and protein. MRI demonstrated no supratentorial cerebral lesions but hyperintense lesions were observed from the lower pons to the Th8 level of spinal cord and cerebellar cortex on T2 weighted and FLAIR images without contrast enhancement. The two antihypertensive drugs stabilized to control her blood pressure and improved her clinical symptoms. Reexamination of MRI and cerebrospinal fluid test also revealed clear improvement of the above abnormalities. The abnormal findings on abdominal CT and renography led us to suspect renal infarction. Abdominal angiography demonstrated multifocal stenoses of renal interlobar arteries, which were supposed to supply the renal infarcted regions. These suggested that the renal infarctions due to fibromuscular dysplasia caused systemic hypertension. There have been only two reports that demonstrated spinal cord lesions in reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLES). We report extensive spinal lesions on MRI and a high level of IgG in CSF at the subacute phase in a young female with RPLES associated with hypertensive (brainstem) encephalopathy.
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PMID:A case of hypertensive encephalopathy with extensive spinal lesions on MRI. 1973 90

Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, peripheral edema and proteinuria, but very often also includes neurologic complications. Neurologic complications of severe preeclampsia are indentical to those of hypertensive encephalopathy. The most common neurologic symptoms are headache, vomiting, mental disorders, visual disturbances, sensorimotor deficits and seizures. Endothelial cell dysfunction is the main cause of multiorgan failure. It is of utmost importance to recognize these symptoms and initiate apropriate therapy. Systemic blood presure must not exceed the cerebrovascular autoregulatory capacity. Serum magnesium level is significantly decreased in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and cerebral edema. Magnesium has been shown to be effective in reducing the occurrence of seizures in preeclampsia by decreasing neuronal excitability, protecting the endothelium against free radicals and reducing cerebral perfusion.
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PMID:[Neurological disorders in pregnancy]. 2308 92

The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological entity characterized by the association of clinical neurological signs (headache, confusion, vision changes, vomiting and seizures) and the typical changes in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Its pathogenesis is still poorly defined but seems to imply a vascular and endothelial dysfunction. It occurs more frequently in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, renal failure and has also been associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The authors present a case of PRES in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus with active and severe manifestations of the disease.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: the importance of its recognition in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 2314 44


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