Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, for primary lung cancer was conducted by the 254-S Lung Cancer Study Group consisting of 15 institutions nation-wide. Considering the results of the phase I clinical study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion and this administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Of 75 patients registered, 61 patients consisting of 22 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 39 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluable for complete tumor response. Partial response (PR) was obtained in 17 patients, for a 27.9% response rate. The response rate for SCLC was 40.9% (9 PR in 22 patients) and that for NSCLC was 20.5% (8 PR in 39 patients). In SCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 50.0% (5 PR in 10 patients) response rate was obtained. In those with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 33.3% (4 PR in 12 patients). In NSCLC patients with no prior chemotherapy, a 22.6% (7 PR in 31 patients) response rate was obtained. In hose with prior chemotherapy, the response rate was 12.5% (1 PR in 8 patients). Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Nephrotoxicity observed was mild and infrequent in spite of the low-volume hydration performed. Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of primary lung cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for primary lung cancer]. 131 98

The preliminary results of Cycloplatin in non small cell lung cancer were presented. Cycloplatin is a new derivative of Cisplatin but less nephrotoxic. Its. referring preparation is Carboplatin 14% remissions were found in the cases of inoperable non small cell lung cancer and 12% remissions in advanced ovarian cancer. 84% of patients suffered from vomiting what was the most common reported side-effect.
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PMID:[Studies of the clinical use of cycloplatin--a new derivative of cisplatin]. 133 30

The benefit of chemotherapy for patients with disseminated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. The introduction of cisplatinum in the combination chemotherapy for NSCLC gave rise to higher response rates. To study the question of the usefulness of cisplatinum-based chemotherapy in disseminated NSCLC we conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing best supportive care to vindesine + cisplatin. Between December 1985 and March 1988, 49 patients with stage IV NSCLC were enrolled. Of the 46 eligible patients 24 were in the chemotherapy group and 22 in the best supportive care group. The treatment groups were not significantly different in terms of age, performance status, histology. Toxicity on the chemotherapy arm grade 3 or more was observed in 17.5% for neutropenia, in 8.75% for vomiting. There was one death related to treatment. The overall response rate in the chemotherapy group was 41.7%. Patients of the chemotherapy group had a median survival time of 199 days and the patients of the best supportive care group had a median survival time of 73 days. The difference in survival is highly significant (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:[Is chemotherapy with cisplatin useful in non small cell bronchial cancer at staging IV? Results of a randomized study]. 165 Feb 66

Esorubicin (4'-deoxydoxorubicin or DxDx) is an analog of doxorubicin with preclinical antitumor activity and no significant cardiotoxicity in model systems. Eleven patients with small cell lung cancer who had previously received chemotherapy were given esorubicin (25 mg/m2 intravenously) every 3 weeks. No major objective responses were observed (95% confidence limits: 0-25%). Nine of the 11 patients had grade 2 or greater toxicity, with 55% of the patients experiencing grade 3 or greater toxicity [myelosuppression (4/11), anemia (2/11) or elevated liver enzymes (3/11)]. Nausea, vomiting, alopecia and intravenous site phlebitis were also seen. Three of the 11 patients received 3 or more course of esorubicin without evidence of significant cardiotoxicity. At this dose and schedule, no significant antitumor response were seen in this population of patients. Esorubicin, with this low response rate and significant toxicity, appears to be of limited utility in this disease.
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PMID:Phase II trial of esorubicin (4'deoxydoxorubicin, DxDx) in patients with small cell lung cancer. 165 8

A total of 14 patients with locally advanced and unresectable head and neck (SCCHN) or non small cell lung cancer were treated with a definitive course of radiation therapy with conventional fractionation and 30 mg/m2 carboplatin (CBDCA) given daily as an i.v. infusion during the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th weeks of the combined treatment. The planned tumor dose of at least 7000 cGy was reached in all SCCHN patients except 1 (6600 cGy). The 2 NSCLC patients received 6320 and 5980 cGy, respectively. The planned total CBDCA-dose of 600 mg/m2 was administered in all patients. No treatment delays were required in 10 patients. Interruptions for severe mucositis or myelosuppression occurred in 4 patients (28.6%), but in no case did the delay exceed 1 week. Complete response was obtained in 8 patients (57.1%); 7 of the 12 with SCCHN and 1 of the 2 with NSCLC. The other 6 patients achieved a partial response. Granulocytopenia of WHO grade 3 occurred in 1 patient; apart from vomiting and mucositis, toxicities above grade 2 were not observed.
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PMID:Daily low-dose carboplatin and standard radiotherapy in unresectable head and neck and lung cancers: a pilot study. 166 54

Seventy-four confirmed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients received alternating combination chemotherapy with CAV and PVP. The CAV comprised of cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2 on day 1, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, administered every 3-4 weeks. The PVP comprised cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and etoposide 75 mg/m2 on day 1-5 administered every 3-4 weeks. Of these 74 patients, 63 (85.1%) achieved complete or partial responses with 16 (21.6%) obtaining a complete response. The median survival time was 13.2 months: 10.4 months in patients with extensive disease (ED), 16.3 months in those with limited disease (LD). A three-year disease-free period was achieved in eight patients (11.2%: 4.8% with ED, 16.8% with LD). The median duration of response was 28.3 weeks: 20.1 weeks with ED and 44.0 weeks with LD. The most commonly encountered side effects were nausea, vomiting, alopecia and myelosuppression but all were tolerable. We consider CAV-PVP to be an effective combination regimen for treating SCLC.
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PMID:Alternating chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/adriamycin/vincristine (CAV) and cisplatin/etoposide (PVP) against small cell lung cancer. Eastern Shikoku Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Group. 166 60

Ifosfamide is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. It is a prodrug metabolised in the liver by cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes to isofosforamide mustard, the active alkylating compound. Mesna, a uroprotective thiol agent, is routinely administered concomitantly with ifosfamide, and has almost eliminated ifosfamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis and has reduced nephron toxicity. Therapeutic studies, mostly noncomparative in nature, have demonstrated the efficacy of ifosfamide/mesna alone, or more commonly as a component of combination regimens, in a variety of cancers. In patients with relapsed or refractory disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer, a salvage regimen of ifosfamide/mesna, cisplatin and either etoposide or vinblastine produced complete response in approximately one-quarter of patients. As a component of both induction and salvage chemotherapeutic regimens, ifosfamide/mesna has produced favourable response rates in small cell lung cancer, paediatric solid tumours, non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, and ovarian cancer. Induction therapy with ifosfamide/mesna-containing chemotherapeutic regimens has been encouraging in non-small cell lung cancer, adult soft-tissue sarcomas, and as neoadjuvant therapy in advanced cervical cancer. As salvage therapy, ifosfamide/mesna-containing combinations have a palliative role in advanced breast cancer and advanced cervical cancer. Ifosfamide/mesna can elicit responses in patients refractory to numerous other antineoplastic drugs, including cyclophosphamide. With administration of concomitant mesna to protect against ifosfamide-induced urotoxicity, the principal dose-limiting toxicity of ifosfamide is myelosuppression; leucopenia is generally more severe than thrombocytopenia. Reversible CNS adverse effects ranging from mild somnolence and confusion to severe encephalopathy and coma can occur in approximately 10 to 20% of patients after intravenous infusion, and the incidence of neurotoxicity may be increased to 50% after oral administration because of differences in the preferential route of metabolism between the 2 routes of administration. Other adverse effects of ifosfamide include nephrotoxicity, alopecia, and nausea/vomiting. In general, intravenously administered mesna is associated with a low incidence of adverse effects; however, gastrointestinal disturbances are common following oral administration. Thus, ifosfamide/mesna is an important and worthwhile addition to the currently available range of chemotherapeutic agents. It has a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity and causes less marked myelosuppression than many other cytotoxic agents. At present, the role of ifosfamide/mesna in refractory germ cell testicular cancer is clearly defined; however, its overall place in the treatment of other forms of cancer awaits delineation in future well-controlled comparative studies.
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PMID:Ifosfamide/mesna. A review of its antineoplastic activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in cancer. 172 Mar 82

We conducted a randomized trial testing etoposide (120 mg/m2 d1-3) + vindesine (3 mg/m2 d1) with or without cisplatin (60 mg/m2 d1) in patients with SCLC. A total of 8 courses were given at 3-week intervals. 221 patients were registered and 201, 95 in the CEV arm and 106 in the EV arm, were eligible for survival analysis. 183 patients were evaluable for response: 74% had an objective response (OR) with CEV versus 55% with EV (p = 0.01). Complete response rates were, respectively, 21% and 13% (NS). In patients with limited disease (LD), OR rates were 72% and 61% (NS), and 76% and 48% in extensive disease (ED) (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the two regimens (p = 0.745, log rank test). Median survival for EV and CEV were, respectively, 40 and 45 weeks, and two-year survivals were 11% and 9%; in patients with LD, the corresponding figures were 14% and 16% (NS) and in those with ED, 8% and 3% (NS). Disease extent (LD vs ED), Karnofsky performance status and loss of body weight were significant prognostic factors for survival; age, sex, type of treatment and type of lesion were not. The CEV regimen was not significantly more myelotoxic than EV but was associated with more severe nausea, vomiting and alopecia. In conclusion, the addition of cisplatin to the EV regimen, a combination reported to be easily manageable, was associated with a significantly higher OR rate but survival was not significantly improved.
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PMID:A randomized study comparing etoposide and vindesine with or without cisplatin as induction therapy for small cell lung cancer. EORTC Lung Cancer Working Party. 196 73

Fifty evaluable patients with advanced lung cancer (28 small cell and 22 non-small cell carcinomas), mainly pretreated by chemotherapy, received 4'-epi-doxorubicin 90 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Two partial responses were obtained in small cell lung cancer patients, which lasted 153 and 168 days. Leukopenia, emesis and alopecia were the most frequent side effects. Two patients who previously received anthracyclines died suddenly of cardiac failure, another patient had severe congestive heart failure, and four others had minor cardiac dysfunctions. 4'-epi-doxorubicin has a modest activity in advanced lung cancer, mainly pretreated by chemotherapy and is not devoid of significant cardiotoxicity in this patient population.
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PMID:4'-EPI-doxorubicin in advanced lung cancer. A phase II trial. 196 77

The purpose of the study was to investigate the antitumour activity and toxicity of high dose (120 mg m-2) single agent epirubicin therapy in untreated extensive small cell lung cancer patients. Out of 80 patients entered, 71 were evaluable for both antitumour activity and toxicity, 4 only for toxicity and 5 were lost for follow-up. The drug possessed a high antitumour activity, the overall response rate was 47.9% (34/71) with 4 complete remissions (CR) and 30 partial remissions (PR). The median remission duration was 3.5 months. Particular drug activity was observed in the primary tumours, lymph nodes and pleural metastases. Toxicity (leukopenia, anaemia, vomiting, reversible rhythmic cardiac disorder, stomatitis) was mild, alopecia was registered less than in adriamycin medication. One fatal congestive heart failure occurred. The actual mean survival time calculated on the basis of the data gained from 64 patients was 7.0 months (range 2-22). The high antitumour activity and no increase in toxicity justify the incorporation of high dose epirubicin into combination therapy.
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PMID:Phase II study of 4'-epi-doxorubicin in patients with untreated, extensive small cell lung cancer. South-East European Oncology Group (SEEOG). 216 33


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