Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A five-year-old girl presented with profound growth failure, lethargy, vomiting and acidosis. A diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy was made after the demonstration of egg albumin, diphenhydramine and phenothiazine metabolites in her urine. Growth improved dramatically, but a subsequent child in the family died of sudden infant death syndrome.
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PMID:Albuminuric growth failure. A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. 160 6

Recurrent vomiting is a common symptom in infancy that, when severe, may prompt an extensive diagnostic evaluation. We report a 1-year-old infant whose recurrent vomiting eluded diagnosis until ipecac syrup was detected in vomitus and urine. Separation of the infant from the mother resulted in complete resolution of the symptoms. In Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a disorder in which a mother fabricates or induces illness in her child, most reported fatalities are due to intentional poisoning. In atypical cases of recurrent vomiting, early screening of body fluids for unexpected drugs, particularly ipecac, may prevent potentially fatal delays in diagnosis.
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PMID:Recurrent infantile vomiting due to intentional ipecac poisoning. 256 82

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a form of child abuse wherein the mother falsifies illness in her child through simulation and/or production of illness, and presents the child for medical care, disclaiming knowledge as to etiology of the problem. From the literature, 117 cases of MSBP were reviewed. The most common presentations of MSBP were bleeding, seizures, central nervous system depression, apnea, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and rash. Short-term morbidity rate was 100%; long-term morbidity rate was 8%. Mortality rate was 9%. Failure to thrive was associated with MSBP in 14% of cases. All perpetrators of MSBP were the mothers. The origins of this type of aberrant maternal behavior remain abstruse, as do the long-term psychological effects on the child victims. Guidelines for medical, social service, and legal management are provided.
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PMID:Web of deceit: a literature review of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. 213 91

A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in an infant presenting with recurrent vomiting and severe failure to thrive is described. Only very few cases of this syndrome have been reported in the italian literature in comparison to those described in the Anglo-Saxon countries. The factitious symptoms and signs fabricated or induced by parents lead to unnecessary medical investigation, hospital admissions and treatment. The Authors emphasize the difficulties in reaching a diagnosis and the risks of this potentially very dangerous behaviour in terms of morbidity and mortality. Since only one third of parents recover following psychotherapy, the offending parent should be sometimes separated from the child and promptly reported and closely supervised by the legal Authorities. Bizarre and otherwise peculiar, unexplained symptoms should always suggest the possibility of the Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
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PMID:[A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy with digestive symptoms and severe growth retardation]. 761 70

The term Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy describes a pattern of physical abuse in which a perpetrator produces or fabricates illness in a victim. Victims are almost always children. We alternatively call this behaviour medical child abuse. Our report describes five recent cases. Two presented with infantile apnoea, one with alleged hypoventilation, one with recurrent vomiting and one with recurrent infections. Three of the perpetrators were mothers, two were fathers. In three cases diagnoses were confirmed by covert video surveillance. Contrary to popular beliefs, this behaviour is not rare and is not a syndrome of any known psychopathology. It is simply another, very dangerous, form of child abuse. Reported victim mortalities range from 9% to 31%. To ensure child safety we suggest the medical, legal and law enforcement communities begin to view this entity more as a profile of criminal abusive behaviour and less as a medical syndrome.
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PMID:Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a profile for medical child abuse. 779 38

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is an increasingly reported insidious disorder in which illness in a child is fabricated and/or induced by the parent. Over a 5-year period at North Carolina Children's Hospital 10 such children were identified after having presented to the Pediatric Surgical Service. In reviewing this experience, we have identified two patterns of presentation. Apnea, seizures, and cyanosis comprised the pattern most frequently seen in infants. A history of persistent diarrhea and vomiting, although seen in two infants, was the more common pattern in older children. As they got older, four of the infants subsequently were noted to have the childhood pattern of symptoms. The mother was the perpetrator in all cases with the child's illnesses being induced by a number of different mechanisms. The most useful diagnostic tool proved to be isolation of the child from the parent. Resolution of symptoms in parental absence was a consistent finding especially in fabrication cases and was the key to diagnosis. Video telemetry confirmed the diagnosis in two infants and screens for toxins were diagnostic in three others. Awareness of patterns of presentation and parental behavior is critical to establishing an early diagnosis and avoiding needless diagnostic and operative procedures.
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PMID:Munchausen syndrome by proxy: patterns of presentation to pediatric surgeons. 833 13

Limited data are available regarding urinary excretion of ipecac alkaloids in humans. In this study, ipecac syrup was administered po to 12 healthy human volunteers at a dose of either 20 mL or 30 mL, and urinary excretions of cephaeline and emetine as well as blood and vomit concentrations were detected by HPLC. All participants showed vomiting after the 30 mL dose within 1 h, whereas 2/6 did not show vomiting within 4 h after the 20 mL dose. Percentage recovery of alkaloids in vomit were 39 +/- 38 or 76 +/- 14% after the 20 mL or 30 mL doses, respectively. In most participants, plasma alkaloids reached their maximum levels within I h and became undetectable after 6 h. Total excretions of ipecac alkaloids into the urine within the first 48 h were less than 2%, but both alkaloids were detectable in the urine at 2w in all participants and could be detected up to 12w in 1/2 participants who did not vomit. These results show that ipecac alkaloids may be detectable in urine several weeks after ingestion and suggest that their detection in urine may be helpful to identify the Munchausen syndrome by proxy using ipecac syrup.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of ipecac alkaloids in human volunteers. 1236 Nov 4

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is the act of one person fabricating or inducing an illness in another to meet his or her own emotional needs through the treatment process. The diagnosis is poorly understood and controversial. We report here the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with possible pneumonia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and whose mother was suspected of Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
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PMID:Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: A Clinical Vignette. 1501 81

An intracerebral foreign body is a rare situation in childhood. It often occurs accidentally with transorbital or more rarely transnasal penetration. We report the case of a child who had been followed since the age of 2.5 months for chronic vomiting without failure to thrive. The fortuitous discovery at 22 months of age of a 4.5-cm-long sewing needle in his brain probably introduced via the fontanel led us to the diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
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PMID:[Fortuitous discovery of intracerebral foreign body leads to the diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy]. 2192 Jul 15