Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pertussis is a severe respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis The classic symptoms of pertussis include paroxysmal coughing with an inspiratory whoop, posttussive vomiting, cyanosis, and persistent coryzal symptoms. Infants under 2 months of age experience more severe disease, with most deaths occurring in this age group. Most of what is known about the pathology of pertussis in humans is from the evaluation of fatal human infant cases. The baboon model of pertussis provides the opportunity to evaluate the histopathology of severe but nonfatal pertussis. The baboon model recapitulates the characteristic clinical signs of pertussis observed in humans, including leukocytosis, paroxysmal coughing, mucus production, heavy colonization of the airway, and transmission of the bacteria between hosts. As in humans, baboons demonstrate age-related differences in clinical presentation, with younger animals experiencing more severe disease. We examined the histopathology of 5- to 6-week-old baboons, with the findings being similar to those reported for fatal human infant cases. In juvenile baboons, we found that the disease is highly inflammatory and concentrated to the lungs with signs of disease that would typically be diagnosed as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchopneumonia. In contrast, no significant pathology was observed in the trachea. Histopathological changes in the trachea were limited to cellular infiltrates and mucus production. Immunohistostaining revealed that the bacteria were localized to the surface of the ciliated epithelium in the conducting airways. Our observations provide important insights into the pathology of pertussis in typical, severe but nonfatal pertussis cases in a very relevant animal model.
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PMID:Histopathology of Bordetella pertussis in the Baboon Model. 3012

This report summarises Australian passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for 2016 reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration and describes reporting trends over the 17-year period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016. There were 3,407 AEFI records for vaccines administered in 2016; an annual AEFI reporting rate of 14.1 per 100,000 population. There was a 14% increase in the overall AEFI reporting rate in 2016 compared with 2015. This increase in reported adverse events in 2016, compared to the previous year, was mainly attributable to introduction of the booster dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis-containing vaccine (DTPa) at 18 months of age in March 2016 and the zoster vaccine for those aged 70-79 years in November 2016. AEFI reporting rates for most other individual vaccines in 2016 were similar to 2015. The most commonly reported reactions were injection site reaction (29%), pyrexia (19%), rash (17%), vomiting (8%) and headache (7%). The majority of AEFI reports (90%) were described as non-serious events and a 24% decline was observed in events classified as 'serious' in this reporting period compared to the previous reporting period. There were 2 deaths reported but no clear causal relationship with vaccination found.
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PMID:Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in Australia annual report, 2016. 3062 6

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis are among the causative pathogens of human acute bronchitis, which usually has mild symptoms. However, if there is a co-infection, the symptoms often can be prolonged and occasionally can lead to severe respiratory complications. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old Japanese female, who had not been vaccinated for B. pertussis, developed a persistent productive cough which became vigorous, and occasionally caused difficulty breathing and vomiting. Since serum IgM to M. pneumoniae was positive and IgG to B. pertussis was significantly elevated, and there were no findings of pneumonia on a chest x-ray film, we made a diagnosis of acute bronchitis caused by B. pertussis with possible co-infection with M. pneumoniae. The use of garenoxacin, a quinolone derivative, failed to work; however, a macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin dramatically improved her symptoms shortly after its administration. CONCLUSIONS In this patient case, because of the lymphocyte-stimulatory nature of M. pneumoniae and B. pertussis, an increased immunological response was likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of the symptoms. The immunosuppressive effect of clarithromycin was considered to repress the increased lymphocyte activity, facilitating the remission of the disease.
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PMID:Acute Bronchitis Caused by Bordetella Pertussis Possibly Co-Infected with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae. 3064 10


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