Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-Me-PGF2alpha) induced abortion in 38 patients who had failed to abort with other techniques, such as intra-amniotic instillation of saline or PGF2alpha and intravaginal insertion of prostaglandin-impragnated Silastic devices. The intramuscular injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha were initiated when the original abortion techniques, even when augmented by intravenous oxytocin, failed to produce expulsion of the fetus. The dose schedule was 250 microgram or 500 microgram every 2 to 4 hours, and the concomitant intravenous oxytocin was continued at a rate of 167 mU/minute. Of the 38 patients, 26 aborted with two or fewer injections of 15-Me-PGF2alpha, and 30 patients required only 1 mg of the drug to expel the fetus successfully. The mean time from the first injection of 15-Me-PGF2alpha to the expulsion of the fetus was 5.25 hours; one-half of the patients aborted in less than 4 hours. The placenta was expelled spontaneously in 15 patients, removed manually from the vagina in 18, and removed by sponge forceps in 3. Two abortions were incomplete and surgical intervention was required. Twenty-eight patients (74%) experienced gastrointestinal disturbances, chiefly vomiting and diarrhea. Intramuscular administration of 15-Me-PGF2alpha eliminates the need for repeated amniocentesis, and the dose may be adjusted to meet the precise requirements of the clinical situation.
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PMID:The effects of intramuscular injections of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha in failed abortions. 56 11

The isolation of meningococci from the vagina is unusual. This report concerns a young woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and subsequently developed a febrile illness which responded to oral ampicillin. The main clinical features included vomiting and drowsiness followed by a rash and arthritis. Neisseria meningitidis group B was isolated from cultures of a vaginal swab and blood. A brief literature review of genital infections with meningococci is given.
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PMID:Vaginal isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in association with meningococcaemia. 82 25

Toxicity of imbrimycin administered orally and its local irritating effect was studied experimentally. Imbrimycin was diluted with flagosol for decreasing its local irritating effect on the mucosa of the eye conjunctiva and vagina of rabbits. Administration of imbrimycin suspension to albino rats in doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days had no effect on the body weight, liver antitoxic function and pathomorphological indices. Oral administration of the drug to dogs in a dose of 10 mg/kg caused a decrease in the body weight, vomiting and diarrhea, had no effect on the dog blood picture and induced no pathomorphological changes in the inner organs. The local irritating effect of imbrimycin was found to be equal to that of azalomycin F. Flagosol significantly decreased the irritating effect of imbrimycin on the eye conjunctiva and the vagina mucosa.
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PMID:[Effect of imbrimycin on the body of animals]. 121 94

Staphylococcus aureus produces many extracellular products often referred to as toxins, some with definite disease-causing potential. The enterotoxins A through E are common causes of acute food poisoning characterized by a short incubation period after ingestion of performed toxin followed by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The epidermolytic toxins (A, B) are absorbed from a local site of colonization or infection and affect the granular cell layer of skin to cause the painful erythroderma and desquamation of the scalded skin syndrome. Other unique S. aureus strains produce one or more products that appear to be formed at sites of focal infection (wound infection, vagina during menstruation and tampon use) with systemic absorption and generalized effects resulting in toxic shock syndrome.
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PMID:Staphylococcal toxin syndromes. 315 68

The antibacterial efficacy of ceftriaxone (CTRX) against group B Streptococcus and its clinical efficacy in newborns were examined, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. MIC's of CTRX against 55 strains of B group Streptococcus from the pregnant vagina were 0.10 micrograms/ml or lower. 2. Efficacies of CTRX were good to excellent in 8 cases administered for treatment, 3 cases for prophylaxis and 1 for observation of adverse reactions. Observed adverse reactions included diarrhea in 4 cases and vomiting in 2 cases. As abnormal laboratory parameters, eosinophilia and thrombocytosis were observed in 1 case each. 3. An examination of intestinal bacteria in 9 cases revealed that CTRX gave as much influence to the flora as other third-generation cephems. 4. An examination for the vitamin K deficiency in 11 cases found a prolongation of prothrombin time (PT) in 3 cases and protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA) II positive in 2 cases. 5. Testing of platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in 7 cases showed little influence of CTRX.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in neonates]. 328 23

Literature data on current methods of induced abortion during the 2nd trimester are reviewed with special emphasis on the use of intraamniotic administration of hypertonic saline solution. A 20% saline is injected during amniocentesis either intra-abdominally or through the vagina; the optimum time period for pregnancy termination is 21-23 weeks of gestation. In the majority of patients, miscarriage occurs within 24-36 hours. The incidence of complications after administration of 20% saline ranges from 1.7-2.18%. Complications include hypernatremia, hemolysis, anuria, coma, seizures, incomplete abortion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory pelvic disease. Contraindications for pregnancy termination using hypertonic saline include cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases, kidney diseases, late pregnancy toxemias, presence of postoperative cicatrix on the uterus, and placenta previa. The mechanism of abortifacient action of hypertonic saline may be associated with stimulation of the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins (PG). The findings that PG can stimulate uterine contractions prompted clinical trials of PG as abortifacient agents. Longterm iv administration of PGF2 alpha and PGE during 2nd trimester was found to be associated with serious complications (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, phlebitis at the site of vein puncture). For this reason, the method of iv administration of PG was abandoned. Intra-amniotic administration of PGF2 alpha (40-50 mg) was shown to induce abortion in 82-91% of the patients within 48 hours after injection. The incidence of hemorrhage and rupture of the cervix uteri after PG administration was significantly greater than that after saline injection. The intramuscular and vaginal administration of synthetic PG alone or in combination with Laminaria was shown to provide the most effective and safe method of induced abortion during the 2nd trimester.
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PMID:[Artificial termination of pregnancy in late periods]. 332 84

This study examines the efficacy of prostaglandins (PGs) as a postconceptional birth control method. Postconception refers to the period when early pregnancy is suspected but cannot be easily confirmed by clinical findings or by conventional laboratory tests. PG treatment was carried out on an outpatient basis in 80 volunteers a few days following the first missed menstruation (mean of 8 days). The microballoon technique was used to monitor uterine contractility in a limited number of cases. Pregnancy was diagnosed using parallel assays of gonadotropic activity in 2 radioimmunologic systems and by calculating indexes of discrimination. Methods of administration included 1) intravenous infusion of PGF2alpha at a constant rate of 68-78 mcg/minute for a period of 5 hours in 11 patients and 8 hours in 19 patients; 2) vaginal administration (n=30): a concentrated solution of PGF2alpha (50 mg/0.2 ml) or vaginal suppositories (50 mgPGF2alpha or 10-20 mg PGE2) was deposited into the posterior fornix of the vagina of 32 cases; and 3) intrauterine administration (n=18 cases): a single intrauterine injection of PGF2alpha (500 mcg) or 15(S)-15-methyl PGF2alpha (25-400 mcg) in 18 cases. The recorded pattern of contractility in 2 of intravenous PGF2alpha cases, 6 of vaginal administration group, and 3 of intrauterine 15-methyl-PGF2alpha instillation followed a similar course with rapid tone elevation and appearance of frequent small amplitude contractions. 29 of the 80 cases were found not to be pregnant at time of PG administration. During the treatment, 41% of nonpregnant and 70% of pregnant patients developed uterine bleeding. Duration of bleeding averaged 5 to 7 days, range 2 to 28 days. 2 cases required curettage for troublesome bleeding. In the intravenously infused group, 3 of 7 pregnancies were terminated after 5 hours, and 10 of 15 cases after 8 hours. In the vaginal administration group, unsatisfactory results were achieved and all treated cases continued their pregnancies. The intrauterine administration group was successful in 2 of 4 cases. Vomiting and diarrhea were the most distressing side effects of vaginal or intravenous administration. The study illustrates the difficulties of using PGs for postconceptional birth control.
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PMID:Postconceptional fertility control by prostaglandins. 480 70

The safety, efficacy, and acceptability of menstrual regulation with prostaglandin (PG) El vaginal suppositories was investagated in 534 women whose menses was delayed up to 8 weeks from the last menstrual period. 5 suppositories, each containing 1 mg of 16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2 PG El methyl ester, were inserted high in the vagina at 3 hour intervals. The success of treatment was assessed by 2 alternate criteria: 1) induction of bleeding, or 2) induction of bleeding and no surgical intervention. The success rate was 98.9% according to the 1st criterion and 86% according to the 2nd criterion. The mean duration of bleeding after treatment was 6.7 days. 47.9% of women experienced moderate bleeding and 43.8% reported heavy bleeding following treatment. Surgical intervention (curettage or vacuum aspiration) was required in 74 of the 528 bleeding cases and in 1 of the 6 nonbleeding cases with positive signs of pregnancy. The surgical intervention was performed because bleeding was considered to be either excessive or prolonged. Side effects tended to manifest themselves between the 1st and 2nd administration of suppositories. Abdominal cramps occurred in 66% of subjects; other side effects were minimal, including vomiting (2.8%), headache (5.8%), nausea (7.8%), and diarrhea (8.8%). These findings suggest that menstrual regulation with PGE1 suppositories is a safe method with the advantages of ease of administration, reversibility, a high success rate, acceptable bleeding duration, only mild side effects, and induction of menses without the need for surgical intervention. The simplicity of vaginal administration offers potential for self-treatment. Use of this method of menstrual regulation could be especially advantageious in countries with restrictive abortion laws. Single administration of a suppository, or parenteral administration, could improve the acceptability of this method.
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PMID:Menstrual regulation with prostaglandin (Pg ONO 802) in Indonesia. 615 28

Clotrimazole, a tritylimidazole and a new antimicrobial agent, produced itching and irritation of the vulva and vaginal area in less than 1% of the population (N = 131) studied. No abdominal cramps, headache or lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were observed when 200 mg of clotrimazole was inserted deep in the vagina for several days.
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PMID:Clinical toxicology of clotrimazole when administered vaginally. 700 34

The efficacy and safety of treatment with 1 vaginal suppository containing 15-methyl prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha-methyl ester for cervical dilatation before vacuum aspiration in the 9th-14th week of pregnancy were tested in 489 patients: Group 1, patients 9-12 weeks pregnant, received a 1-mg suppository; Group 2, patients 13-14 weeks pregnant, were given a 1.5-mg dose. The vacuum aspiration procedure was performed 12 hours after insertion of the suppository. Mean cervical dilatation at the operation was 9.4 mm in Group 1 and 10.9 mm in Group 2. In about 50% of the patients, the cervix was further dilatated at operation. Mean additional dilatation was 2.8 and 1.5 mm, respectively, accomplished with minimum resistance. Mean bleeding at operation, including the conceptus, for the 9-12 week pregnant patients was 60 ml, and for Group 2, 135 ml. Gastrointestinal side effects, i.e., vomiting and diarrhea, were common but were rare only in cases frequent enough to be regarded as disturbing to the patient. No other treatment-requiring side effects were observed. In 22% of the patients in both treatment groups, the conceptus was expelled into the vagina prior to the operation. No cervical laceration was observed, and no uterine perforation occurred at the operation.
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PMID:Dilatation of the cervix prior to vacuum aspiration by single vaginal administration of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha methyl ester. 742 65


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