Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phentyrin toxicity depends to a large measure on the route of its administration. Adequately toxic doses of phentyrin intravenously are approximately ten times as less compared to peroral administration. High doses of the drug produce appetite loss, occasional vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, flabbiness and weight loss. ECG shows slow pulse, reduced voltage and changes in T wave. At early periods the animals' death ensues with phenomena of emaciation, a delayed death can be recorded only in some cases. Morbid anatomy shows atrophic changes in the lymphatic nodes, in the spleen, thyroid, in the gastrointestinal mucosa, and changes in the liver and kidneys. Phentyrin in tolerated doses exerts no adverse action on stem cells of bone marrow, but affects spleen cells. The drug alters the weight of some endocrine organs -- the thyroid, uterus and adrenals.
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PMID:[Toxicological properties of fentirin]. 737 84

Tissue distribution, excretion and metabolism of prumycin in normal mice and rats were studied by microbiological assay. Following the injection of prumycin into mice, high activity was detected and continued for 24 hours in the kidney, and the activity was also high in the skin, uterus, bone, liver, lung and stomach in this order. But concentration in the brain, heart, spleen and testis were too low to detect even 5 minutes after the injection. Prumycin was not inactivated by a variety of tissue homogenates in vitro. Therefore, inability to detect activity of prumycin in the spleen and testis appears to result from poor distribution rather than inactivation by these organs. About 70% of injected prumycin was excreted into rat urine in 24 hours but it was not detectable in feces. When prumycin was injected intravenously into dogs at the dose over 10 mg/kg, vomiting was observed in all animals, and LD50 was about 50 mg/kg.
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PMID:Studies on antitumor activity of prumycin. II. Studies on distribution and excretion of prumycin. 738 Jul 32

We report herein a rare case of spontaneously perforated pyometra found in a 72-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. A distended abdomen with muscular rigidity, a positive Blumberg sign, and a WBC count of 11,900/mm3 indicated diffuse peritonitis, although a plain abdominal X-ray film revealed no free air in the peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed a lot of pus, and perforation in the fundus of a distended uterus. The patient was therefore diagnosed as having suffered uterine perforation associating with a pyometra, and a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was carried out. Histological examination revealed a pyometra with inflammation and destruction of the endometrium and myometrium, and cervical occlusion with no evidence of malignancy. Postoperatively, the patient developed a subcutaneous abscess and pneumonia, but recovered and was discharged on the 74th day after her operation. Thus, although rare, spontaneously perforated pyometra should be considered when elderly women present with acute abdominal symptoms.
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PMID:Spontaneously perforated pyometra presenting as diffuse peritonitis: report of a case. 805 95

Pergolide (LY127809, CAS 66104-23-2), a dopamine agonist for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, was evaluated for toxicity in acute, subchronic, and chronic studies. Acute toxicity tests using oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal routes were conducted in rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs. The acute oral median lethal doses (MLD) ranged from 8.4 to 33.6 mg/kg in Wistar and Fischer 344 rats, and from 54.0 to 87.2 mg/kg in ICR mice. Oral doses of 20 and 25 mg/kg produced no mortality in rabbits or dogs, respectively. The MLD by the iv route ranged from 0.59 to 0.87 mg/kg for Fischer 344 rats and from 11.6 to 37.1 mg/kg for ICR mice. The predominant signs of toxicity in the acute studies included hyperactivity, poor grooming, ptosis, aggressive behavior, increased gnawing activity, tremors, convulsions, and emesis. In the subchronic and chronic studies, Fischer 344 rats, B6C3F1 mice, and beagle dogs were administered pergolide either by gavage or in the diet for up to 1 year. Daily doses in these studies ranged up to 20 mg/kg for rats, 45 mg/kg for mice, and 5 mg/kg for dogs. The predominant treatment-related effects seen in these studies were attributable to the pharmacologic activity of pergolide. These consisted primarily of CNS-mediated clinical signs in rats and dogs, weight loss or decreased weight gain, emesis in dogs, and inhibition of lysis of corpora lutea with a corresponding increase in the weight of the uterus and ovaries. Pergolide treatment was not associated with any specific target organ toxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preclinical toxicology studies with the new dopamine agonist pergolide. Acute, subchronic, and chronic evaluations. 819 91

Gemeprost (Cervagem), a synthetic PGE1 prostaglandin analogue was used to induce labour in 20 patients with second trimester intra uterine fetal death. The mean induction abortion interval was 13.8 hours; 17 of the 20 patients delivered within 24 hours. In 17 cases the placenta was retained and the uterus was evacuated under general anaesthesia. Nausea was noted in five (25%) patients, vomiting in two (10%) and diarrhoea in three (15%). No serious side-effects were encountered.
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PMID:Gemeprost in the management of second trimester intrauterine fetal death. 819 55

The synthesis of mifepristone (RU-486) in 1980 was a major step in the development of a simple, safe, and effective method for abortion that women can use themselves. RU-486 ends pregnancies by blocking the action of circulating progesterone at its receptor. Hormones must be able to fit into their uniquely-shaped receptors in order for the necessary series of biological events to occur. RU-486 is shaped very much like the progesterone molecule with 2 important changes: a very long side chain which permits it to bind tightly to progesterone receptors and a bulky side chain which makes it inactive as a progestin. A large dose of RU-486 saturates the progesterone receptors in the uterus and prevents progesterone from playing its sustaining role in the pregnancy. RU-486 also increases the production of prostaglandins (which stimulate uterine contraction) and the sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandins. Early studies on the use of RU-486 for first-trimester abortions concentrated on finding the best dose and circumstances to increase the abortion rate. In 1985, Swedish investigators developed a procedure which capitalized on the drug's ability to enhance sensitivity to prostaglandins. After RU-486 establishes sensitivity, the abortion rate is improved by administration of the prostaglandin gemeprost as a vaginal suppository in doses a fraction of those necessary to induce abortion. This combination is currently used in France, the UK, and Sweden. In France the gestational age limit is 49 days of amenorrhea, in the UK and Sweden it is 63 days. This procedure involves an initial administration of RU-496 with a follow-up visit in 2 days. If the woman has not aborted, she is given a dose of prostaglandin and observed for about 4 hours, during which time most women abort. A return visit is scheduled in 2 weeks. The efficacy of this method has been measured at 94-96%. The procedure has recently been improved by the use of an oral pill, misoprostol, as the prostaglandin. RU-486 has also been used successfully to prepare cervixes for mechanical dilation, although a pretreatment interval of 36-48 hours is necessary. Second-trimester induction-of-labor abortion time and required doses of prostaglandins are also reduced with RU-486, making the procedure a less expensive, more comfortable, outpatient process. RU-486 has also shown promise as an emergency (postcoital) contraceptive, with 2 trials in the UK resulting in no pregnancies and fewer women experiencing nausea or vomiting. The work that remains to be done to improve the use of RU-486 in early abortions involves establishing the correct dosage and simplifying the provision of service without compromising safety to insure that women living in remote areas will have access to the procedure.
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PMID:Mifepristone (RU 486) for induced abortion. 827 73

Among internal hernias, those through the foramen of Winslow are most commonly observed. The least frequently occurring is that through the broad ligament of the uterus. The present case presented with bowel strangulating obstruction due to a defect of the left broad ligament which could be diagnosed prior to laparotomy. The patient had no significant past history, and had symptoms of colicky pain, nausea, and vomiting. Emergency laparotomy was performed. Gangrenous ileum was resected, and a defect of the broad ligament was observed bilaterally. Past history in this case supported congenital defect of the broad ligament.
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PMID:Strangulated herniation through a defect of the broad ligament of the uterus. 850 14

We report a rare case of non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in the course of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in a 31-year-old primigravida who developed high fever and severe pulmonary and cardiovascular failure within a few hours at the end of the 29th week of a twin pregnancy. Mechanical ventilation was necessary due to signs of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and catecholamines were needed to maintain a somewhat adequate blood pressure. A forceps delivery was performed immediately. Postoperatively, the patient was brought to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to the suspicion of severe septic shock. In addition to the extreme cardiovascular instability and massive disturbance of pulmonary gas exchange, the clinical picture was characterised by a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) with marked petechial bleeding and ecchymoses on all extremities. Moreover, a confluent, spotty exanthem of the trunk and extremities could be seen. Despite all therapeutic efforts, the patient died within a few hours after admission to the ICU with signs of multiorgan failure. Post-mortem, multiple staphylococcal abscesses were found in the kidneys, liver, and uterus. Moreover, acute ulcerous endocarditis of the mitral valve and septic myocardial foci with myocarditis were seen. The Staph. aureus strain isolated from the blood cultures was shown to produce TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1) and enterotoxin B. In summary, the clinical picture can be interpreted as severe staphylococcal sepsis complicated by TSS. TSS is a specific type of infectious disease, occurring mainly in young women during the menstrual period (80%-90%), but it has also been reported in non-menstrual cases (10%-20%). It is characterised by sudden-onset high fever, hypotension, rash, mucosal hyperaemia, and various additional symptoms such as myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhoea. The clinical course depends on the extent of the organ failure due to decreased tissue perfusion during hypotension. Severe cases are accompanied by multiple organ-system failure including impaired renal function, which is reversible in nearly all cases. Respiratory failure ranges from interstitial and alveolar aedema to ARDS in 10% of cases; severe DIC is seen in 10%-15%. Another severe clinical complication is cardiac insufficiency. The etiology of TSS is based on a localized or, rarely, systemic infection with certain Staph. aureus strains that are capable of producing toxins, the most important one being TSST-1. Staph. aureus strains can also produce various other enterotoxins that may be involved in the pathogenesis of TSS. The pathogenetic importance of the toxins is supported by the antibody titers in TSS patients: more than 80% of healthy adults show high levels of antibody titers, whereas 90% of TSS patients exhibit low levels in the acute phase followed by a significant increase during convalescence. It is not clear whether the toxins cause TSS by a direct effect or by release of mediators due to their function as superantigens. The clinical characteristics of non-menstrual TSS are identical to those of menstrual TSS, but it can occur in many clinical settings in both sexes at any age. Severe clinical courses are more frequent in non-menstrual TSS: the mortality is about 8%-11% in non-menstrual TSS compared to 2%-5% in menstrual TSS. The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical signs and the isolation of toxin-producing Staph. aureus strains. Besides antibiotic therapy, treatment is primarily directed to the correction of hypotension and additional organ-system failure. Other therapeutic measures such as the elimination of toxins by plasma separation or the administration of antibodies or gamma-globulins are subjects of investigation with no general recommendations at this time.
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PMID:[Lethal, non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome associated with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis]. 859 62

Two regimens of prostaglandin E1 analogue, gemeprost, in combination with mifepristone were compared in a randomized trial for termination of pregnancy at 12-19 weeks. 100 women requesting second trimester abortion were recruited at the Gynecological Department of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Scotland. The women were given a single oral dose of 200 mg mifepristone in the medical abortion unit and allowed home. 36 hours after treatment with 200 mg mifepristone, women were allocated at random to receive either 4 x 1 mg (Group I) or 4 x 0.5 mg (Group II) gemeprost by vaginal pessary every 6 hours (n = 50 m each group). If abortion had not occurred after 24 hours, 5 x 1 mg of gemeprost was administered every 3 hours in both groups of women. Although the median abortion interval was slightly shorter in the 1 mg group (7.8 vs. 8.4 hours, p = 0.5), the cumulative abortion rates at 24 hours were similar (98% vs. 96%). Women in Group I required significantly more gemeprost to induce abortion than those in Group II (p 0.0001). Parous women in both groups required significantly less of the prostaglandin to induce abortion. Primigravidae took longer to abort than multigravidae, although the difference only reached statistical significance in Group II (median 9.5 hours vs. 6.1 hours; p 0.02). The women in Group II required a lower dose of gemeprost to complete the abortion than those in Group I (median 1 mg vs. 2 mg; p 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the groups in the incidence of vomiting, diarrhea or the request for analgesia. Surgical evacuation of the uterus because of retained or incomplete placenta was required in approximately 1/5 of women in each group. One woman in Group II required blood transfusion because of a retained placenta after expulsion of the fetus. The results suggest that in parous women the dose of gemeprost can be reduced to 0.5 mg every 6 hours within the first 24 hours without loss of clinical efficacy.
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PMID:A randomised study of two doses of gemeprost in combination with mifepristone for induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy. 884 86

Eighty-four patients with early complicated pregnancies such as intrauterine death, blighted ovum pregnancy and missed abortion were treated with oral misoprostol. If abortion did not occur, 200 micrograms misoprostol was given once an hour, with an average dose of 1000 micrograms (min 200 micrograms, max 1200 micrograms). Complete or partial abortion took place within 7.0 +/- 5.1 h in 92.5% of patients. Of the patients, 11.9% and 83.3% had complete and partial abortion, respectively, without major complications. We observed only minor side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, fever, headache and abdominal pain. This study demonstrates that the use of oral misoprostol is a simple, inexpensive and easy procedure for terminating early complicated pregnancies, although additional surgical evacuation of the uterus was required in the large majority of patients.
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PMID:Oral misoprostol use in early complicated pregnancy. 886 9


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