Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-eight children diagnosed as cases of persistent diarrhoea (PD) from 1 month to 5 years of age (mean age 8.92 months) hospitalized during a 2-year study period were screened for the presence of non-gastrointestinal infections. Clinical screening suggested acute respiratory infection (ARI) in 30 per cent cases, urinary tract infection (UTI) in 19 per cent and acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) in 10 per cent of cases. Investigations revealed pneumonia on chest X-ray (39 per cent), positive urine culture (32 per cent), leucocytosis (31 per cent) and positive blood culture (22 per cent). Seven cases (9 per cent) of pneumonia and 10 cases (13 per cent) diagnosed to have UTI were not identified on clinical screening and could be detected only after investigations. E. coli was the commonest organism isolated from urine culture (23 per cent) and blood culture (14 per cent); 54 per cent of cases had one or the other associated infection and 28 per cent were suffering from more than one infection. Bacterial pathogens were more frequently isolated from blood in children < 6 months (P < 0.01), with vomiting (P < 0.001), and severe malnutrition (P < 0.05); from urine in association with fever (P < 0.001), duration of diarrhoea > 4 weeks (P < 0.05), and vomiting (P < 0.001). Pneumonia was detected on chest radiograph more frequently in children with severe malnutrition (P < 0.001). Sixty eight per cent of cases were successfully treated with dietary management and appropriate treatment of associated infections and 18 per cent of cases died. Mortality was highest in association with sever oral thrush, severe malnutrition, septicaemia, and ARI. Our results suggest that majority of cases of PD are associated with one or the other non-gastrointestinal infections particularly UTI and ARI which may be missed on clinical examination unless efforts are made to investigate these children. Early detection and appropriate management of these infections can considerably modify hospital course and outcome.
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PMID:Associated infections in persistent diarrhoea--another perspective. 898 16

A 53 day-old infant was referred for failure to thrive and persistent vomiting with severe dehydration. He had hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Pyloric stenosis was diagnosed by means of sonography. Poor weight gain, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were still found after Fredet-Ramsted pyloromyotomy. A urinary tract infection, a high urinary Na+/K+ ratio, and high serum levels of aldosterone and renin were found at the second admission. Rehydration, hydrocortisone and florinef administration failed to correct hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, suggesting pseudohypoaldosteronism. This patient gained weight after treatment of his infection and salt replacement.
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PMID:Pseudohypoaldosteronism with pyloric stenosis--a patient report. 936 71

To evaluate the nutritional, metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) supplementation in immunocompromised patients, we performed a prospective study on the effect of immune formula administered to 11 severe trauma patients (average ISS = 24), 10 burn patients (average % TBSA = 48) and 5 cancer patients. Daily calorie and protein administration were based on the patient's severity (Stress factor with the range of 35-50 kcal/kg/day and 1.5-2.5 g/kg/day, respectively) Starting with half concentration liquid immune formula through nasogastric tube by continuous drip at 30 ml/h and increasing to maximum level within 4 days. The additional energy and protein requirement will be given either by parenteral or oral nutritional support. Various nutritional, metabolic, immunologic and clinical parameters were observed on day 0 (baseline), day 3, 7, and 14. Analysis was performed by paired student-t test. Initial mean serum albumin and transferrin showed mild (trauma) to moderate (burn and cancer) degree of malnutrition. Significant improvement of nutritional parameters was seen at day 7 and 14 in trauma and burn patients. Significant increase of total lymphocyte count (day 7, P < 0.01), CD4 + count (day 7, p < 0.01), CD8 + count (day 7, p < 0.0005 & day 14, p < 0.05), complement C3 (day 7, p < 0.005 day 14, p < 0.01), IgG (day 7, and 14, p < 0.0005), IgA (day 7, p < 0.0005 & day 14, p < 0.05), in all patients. C-reactive protein decreased significantly on day 7 (p < 0.0005) and day 14 (p < 0.005). 3 cases of burn wound infection, one case of UTI and one case of sepsis were observed. Two cases of hyperglycemia in burn, 3 cases of hyperbilirubinemia in trauma, 10 cases of elevated LFT (5 trauma/5 burn), and one case of hyponatremia in cancer patients were observed. Two cases of nausea, 4 cases of vomiting, 5 cases of diarrhea (< 3 times/day), 2 cases of abdominal cramp, 1 case of distension were observed. The feeding of IMMUNE FORMULA was well tolerated and significant improvement was observed in nutritional and immunologic parameters as in other immunoenhancing diets. Further clinical trials of prospective double-blind randomized design are necessary to address the so that the necessity of using immunonutrition in critically ill patients will be clarified.
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PMID:Metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in immunocompromised patients. 962 33

The causes of Datura intoxication include medication overdose, misuse of edible vegetables, deliberate abuse as a hallucinogen, homicidal or robbery and accidental intoxication from contaminated food. We report an incident of 14 people with Datura intoxication caused by ingesting wild Datura suaveolans for food. The incubation period was 15 to 30 min. The symptoms/signs were dizziness, dry mouth, flushed skin, palpitation, nausea, drowsiness, tachycardia, blurred vision, mydriasis, hyperthermia, disorientation, vomiting, agitation, delirium, urine retention, hypertension and coma. Three patients were hospitalized for 2-3 days. Thirteen persons received supportive fluid therapy. One patient did not receive medical therapy, he induced vomiting and drank a lot of water. Four patients presented with delirium/coma and 3 received physostigmine therapy with good response. One patient was intubated because of coma and respiratory depression. Three persons needed Foley catheterization for urine retention or coma status. One patient had a complication of urinary tract infection and antibiotic management. All patients recovered with no sequelae.
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PMID:Poisoning by Datura leaves used as edible wild vegetables. 1043 80

Treatment of UTI with oral antibiotics alone is generally effective, even in young children with pyelonephritis. Cefixime has a broad spectrum of activity and is suitable as an empiric agent in most cases. In patients who are unlikely to tolerate oral medications because of vomiting or who appear toxic on examination, hospitalization and initial treatment with i.v. therapy is indicated. In general, radiographic studies can be performed prior to completion of the primary course of antibiotics, and prophylactic treatment is unnecessary. Patients should receive instruction about the risk of recurrent infection and should be advised to seek medical attention when symptoms of UTI develop.
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PMID:Treatment of urinary tract infections. 1057 43

In this study, 31 (30%) cases of urinary tract infection (UTI) of 103 patients with malnutrition, who were admitted to our hospital, were investigated prospectively. Our purpose was to determine the frequency of UTI, species of bacteria caused to infection and their antibiotic susceptibility in infants with malnutrition. The mean age of the patients with UTI was 11.5+/-7.6 months (ranging 50 days-30 months). The main symptoms were fever, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and seizures. The mean body weight was 5.8+/-1.9 kg (2-10 kg), and height was 67.5+/-7.8 cm (53-85 cm). Seven of them had mild, 11 had moderate, and 13 had severe malnutrition. The most common isolated microorganism from urine cultures was Escherichia coli (54.8%). Most strains of Escherichia coli were resistant to co-trimoxazole (82.3%), ceftriaxone (17.6%), cefotaxime (17.6%), and ciprofloxacine (17.6%), but none of them were resistant to gentamicin. In conclusion, we would like to emphasize that UTI predominantly by gram negative microorganisms are frequent in the infants with malnutrition, and these microorganisms are mostly resistant to co-trimoxazole which is used commonly in practical medicine and prophylaxis.
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PMID:Urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility in malnourished children. 1122 40

This study was conducted to evaluate the etiologies of pyrexia in children with first febrile seizures using a prospectively recorded medical protocol, bacterial culture, and serologic tests for human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), dengue virus and Japanese B encephalitis (JE) virus. Of 82 children with first febrile seizures, who were between 3 months and 3 years old and had been admitted to Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital between January 1997 and December 1998, 41 were boys and 41 were girls, with a mean age of 14.7 months. The average maximal body temperature was 39.7 degrees C. Approximately 70% of the children developed seizures on the first day of fever and the duration of the seizures varied from 1 to 30 minutes. In addition to fever and seizure, common symptoms and signs included coryza, diarrhea, vomiting, inflamed tympanic membranes and rash. The causes of fever documented upon discharge were, in order of frequency, upper respiratory tract infection, nonspecific febrile illness, diarrhea, urinary tract infection, viral infection, pneumonia, herpangina, measles, pneumococcal bacteremia and dengue fever. Serologic tests for HHV-6 IgM were positive in seven children (8.5%), and serologic tests for dengue and JE viruses were negative in all cases.
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PMID:Causes of fever in children with first febrile seizures: how common are human herpesvirus-6 and dengue virus infections? 1128 13

In transient pseudohypoaldosteronism (TPHA), renal tubular resistance to aldosterone is thought to be secondary to renal disease. We report a case of TPHA caused by posterior urethral valves associated with urinary tract infection and review 62 cases previously reported. The infant presented with unspecific signs of vomiting and dehydration, so that pyloric stenosis was first suspected. Laboratory data and retroperitoneal sonography led to the diagnosis TPHA. This case illustrates that urine culture and renal ultrasonography should be performed in any infant with electrolyte disturbances to exclude infection or obstructive uropathy.
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PMID:Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism secondary to posterior urethral valves--a case report and review of the literature. 1155 22

In order to verify the safety of an ideal length of hospital stay (5-6 days) after open colectomy, we reviewed complications after 371 consecutive, elective colorectal resections for cancer at our institution between April 1991 and December 1998. Specifically, age of the patient, length of hospital stay and when the complication was diagnosed were registered. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 days (range, 4-34 days). No difference in length of hospital stay was detected in patients < or = 65 years old versus > 65 years old (P = NS). All major complications (anastomotic leak, intestinal bleeding, intestinal occlusion, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary edema, stroke, angina pectoris, and fascial dehiscence) were diagnosed before the fifth postoperative day (P < 0.05). Among the minor complications (vomiting, packed red blood cells transfusion, diarrhea, wound infection, urinary tract infection, and pleural effusion), none requiring hospitalization was detected later then 5 days after the operation. We conclude that postoperative length of stay after colorectal resection for cancer can be reduced safely to five to six days after the operation.
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PMID:[The ideal length of hospital stay in the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer]. 1214 16

Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism occurring predominately in male infants has been reported in association with a spectrum of urologic diseases including obstructive uropathy. This is thought to reflect tubule unresponsiveness to aldosterone. We report a case, which was misdiagnosed as a case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and treated inappropriately with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for 12-months before he had a urinary tract infection and was discovered to have obstructive uropathy on ultrasound. He presented with vomiting, dehydration, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. His initial 17 hydroxyprogestrone was high. His electrolytes improved to normal after relieving the obstruction by vesicostomy and his treatment weaned slowly without complications. This case demonstrates the importance of urine culture and ultrasound examination in suspected cases of pseudo-hypoaldosteronism.
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PMID:Salt losing nephropathy simulating congenital adrenal hyperplasia in an infant. 1217 43


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