Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of acute gastroenteritis in children was carried out with the aim of establishing the prevalence of human reoviruslike agent (HRLA) and its relation to other enteric pathogens in Israel. The stools of 384 children with acute diarrhea referred to a pediatric emergency service were screened for HRLA by counterimmunoelectroosmorphoresis (CIEOP) and for pathogenic bacteria. Evidence of HRLA infection was found in 65 patients (17%). The highest infection rate prevailed during the cool season (25%), with a peak prevalence (41%) in November, when both the temperature and humidity were low. A very high proportion of HRLA was found in children younger than 36 months and no HRLA infection was observed in those older than nine years. The highest prevalence occurred in infants younger than six months, a situation rarely encountered in other countries. The main clinical features of HRLA infection were fever, vomiting, dehydration, signs of upper respiratory infection and carbohydrate intolerance. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 45% of enteric infections. Shigella species predominated (28%) during the summer season, especially in older children. In 38% of the study group, no etiologic agent could be detected. None of the 50 control subjects showed evidence of viral or bacterial pathogens in stools.
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PMID:Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Israel: role of human reoviruslike agent and bacterial pathogens. 22 84

A case of isovaleric acidemia appearing as diabetic ketoacidosis with acute encephalopathy and pancytopenia was reported. A three-year-old male patient, with mild psychomotor retardation, had recurrent bouts of acute encephalopathy and pancytopenia after episodes of upper respiratory infection. At admission, he had vomiting associated with dehydration, acidosis, ketonuria, coma and a pungent, rather unpleasant odor. Laboratory features included hyperglycemia, hyperammonemia, hyperamylasemia, hypocalcemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and subsequent anemia. Urine organic acid profiles showed profuse amount of 3-beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid (295 mg/ml) and isovalerylglycine (616 mg/ml) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Levels of amino acids in the serum and urine were normal. The patient received treatment with rehydration and insulin, with rapid improvement. After the acute illness, blood glucose levels returned to normal. The patient was doing well on a low-protein diet in recent 3 months.
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PMID:Isovaleric acidemia: report of one case. 212 76

During a 15-month period, 621 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis and 152 control children were investigated for etiologic agents of the disease. Putative enteropathogens were identified in 86% of the patients and 10% of the controls. Common viral agents associated with gastroenteritis among children included rotaviruses (45%) and enteric adenoviruses (4%). Bacterial pathogens infecting children were Salmonella serotypes (24%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (9%), Campylobacter jejuni (7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (7%), Shigella (4%), and enterotoxigenic Aeromonas sp. (1%). The highest incidence of infections was observed in the 3-25 month age group. Mixed infections were observed in 12% of the patients. Viral gastroenteritis was clinically mild and of short duration. Upper respiratory tract infections, vomiting, and watery stools were common features. In contrast, bacterial gastroenteritis was more severe; stools were frequently bloody and abdominal pain, cramps, shock, convulsions, and milk intolerance were predominant clinical features. Comparative analysis revealed differential features of bacterial and viral gastroenteritis which should help clinicians to make a tentative diagnosis and to start treatment early.
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PMID:Microbial etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Kuwait. 279 54

We evaluated 758 sick children younger than 3 years of age for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) upper respiratory infection (URI) to determine the usual clinical presentation of the disease in this age group, indications for culture and the optimal site(s) from which to isolate the organism. GABHS infection was documented in 35 subjects (4.6%). The classic presentation (as proposed in the 1940s) of GABHS URI in children younger than 3 years of age was not confirmed by this study. In 32 of the GABHS cases there were pharyngitis, common cold symptoms or both, and these were associated with acute otitis media 10 times and with otitis media with effusion 3 times. Clinical impetigo was associated with GABHS URI (4 of 32 cases). GABHS URI would not have been documented in 6 of 32 cases if cultures of the anterior nares had not been performed. Children between 18 and 36 months of age were more likely to have GABHS disease than were younger children. Hoarseness and vomiting occurred less frequently in children younger than 36 months with GABHS infection than in those of that age who had non-beta-hemolytic streptococcal illnesses. A history of two or more siblings at home or a family member with a recent streptococcal infection and the presence of irritability, a reddened throat or palate or uvular edema were each associated with GABHS URI. We concluded that sick children between 18 and 36 months of age with a reddened throat should have cultures taken of the throat and anterior nares for GABHS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Group A streptococcal infection in children younger than three years of age. 305 Aug 54

A previously healthy five years old boy, following a mild nonspecific upper respiratory infection developed, fever (39 degrees C), vomiting, clouding of consciousness and focal seizures. The CSF showed a mononuclear cell reaction with negative bacterial and viral cultures. A cranial CT scan on the 4th day of admission showed bilateral low density lesions on the basal ganglia region. After 30 days of severe involvement of muscle tone (rigidity) which kept the patient immobilized in bed and without a meaningful communication with his surroundings, improvement was noticed. A repeated CT scan 40 days after admission, was considered normal. Two months after the beginning of disease, patient's physical examination was normal. This case shows striking clinical and radiological similarities to the ones described by Aicardi and Goutieres in 1982 and most likely is explained by bilateral basal ganglia edema complicating viral encephalitis. Mumps virus, being so far, the most commonly implicated.
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PMID:[Acute neurologic dysfunction associated with a hypodensity of the basal ganglia]. 375 44

Three to four hour polygraphic sleep studies were carried out in 10 infants, five with upper respiratory infection and five with metabolic alkalosis secondary to vomiting during and after recovery from illness. During upper respiratory infection, the main abnormality detected was brief (greater than 3 less than 6 seconds) or prolonged (greater than 6 seconds) attacks of obstructive apnoea. Other indices of apnoea were similar to recovery data. Gross body movements were also increased. In infants with metabolic alkalosis indices of central apnoea were significantly increased when compared with recovery or case control data. Prolonged (greater than 15 seconds) attacks of central apnoea and obstructive apnoea (greater than 6 seconds) were only observed during illness. Gross body movements and periodic breathing were also increased. These findings suggest that the functional consequences of apparently 'mild' illnesses in young infants may be greater than is generally suspected and perhaps relevant to mechanism(s) of death in sudden infant death syndrome.
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PMID:Sleep apnoea during upper respiratory infection and metabolic alkalosis in infancy. 378 86

An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a Pennsylvania summer camp in July 1978. Symptoms included abdominal pain (81 per cent), nausea (72 per cent), and vomiting (53 per cent); upper respiratory infection symptoms occurred in 35 per cent of the campers. Illness was associated with consumption of five or more glasses of water or water-containing beverages. Stool cultures from affected persons were negative for bacterial pathogens; however, a fourfold or greater rise to the Norwalk agent was demonstrated in serum samples of three of three ill persons tested and in none of eight controls (p < .02). Campers ill during the first session who were also present during the second session did not become ill during the second session (p < .001). (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:72-74.)
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PMID:Waterborne gastroenteritis due to the Norwalk agent: clinical and epidemiologic investigation. 627 8

The records of off-hours calls received by the University of Colorado Pediatric Group Practice from 4:30 p.m. throughout 8:00 a.m. weekdays and all day Saturday, Sunday, and holidays were audited. An answering service and pageboy system ensured 24-hour, 7-day-a-week accessibility through a single telephone number. The four practices received 2386 after-hours calls from November 1978 to October 1980. An average of 104 calls per month were received with approximately four calls per day on weekday evenings and six calls per day on Saturday, Sunday, and holidays. Five concerns accounted for 49 percent of all after hours calls: fever, vomiting and/or diarrhea, upper respiratory infection (URI), earache, and rash. While 75 percent of families made fewer than four calls per year, 4 percent made at least 12 calls per year, accounting for 18 percent of all calls. Families calling three or more times a month were defined as "frequent users" and accounted for 22 percent of a given month's calls. Most calls from the same families (55%) occurred within a 24-hour period and dealt chiefly with parental concerns about fever, vomiting and diarrhea, URIs, ear infection, accident, and rashes. The additional responsibility that residents assume in taking calls for the Pediatric Group Practice while on other off-hour assignments was not excessively demanding, and cost of the answering service was easily absorbed by group practice revenues.
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PMID:Telephone encounters in a university pediatric group practice. A 2-year analysis of after-hour calls. 673 22

One of the major factors in the development of severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is infection, such as diarrhea, upper respiratory infection, and malaria. Social and environmental factors include family size, access to land and occupation of parents, and exposure of rural populations to urban centers. Breast milk has been shown to play a role in the prevention of infections; however, the mother must be well-nourished to provide the optimum product. Traditional foods available to rural children in most developing countries are difficult to digest and low in energy and protein and inadequate nutritional education prevents the inclusion of good protein sources in children's diets. Severe PEM, called marasmus and kwashiorkor is indicated by wasting of muscles, absence of subcutaneous fat, wrinkled skin, thin and sparse hair, and weakness. The basic treatment for severe PEM is dietary. Treatment of kwashiorkor and marasmus is divided into 3 stages: 1) attending to acute problems, 2) restoring nutritional balance, and 3) ensuring nutritional rehabilitation. Care must be taken to ensure a minimum daily intake of 3-4 gm of protein and 120-150 Kcal of energy/kg of body weight. There must be, in addition, replacement of vitamin A, zinc, potassium, magnesium, and iron. An initial regimen which has been advocated is based on dry skim milk, sugar, and vegetable oil, divided into 6-12 feedings/day, which prevents vomiting. It is not necessary to remove lactose from the diet, and other animal protein sources such as meat and meat extracts are also well accepted. Soy and vegetable protein have been used successfully. In treating mild and moderate PEM it is important to ensure the intake of these food supplements by the child and to avoid a major substitution effect in the household diet. It is crucial for the physicians, nutritionists, public health workers, and educators to convince parents about the safety of using foods that are fed only to adults and older children. In addition nutritional and health education must not be restricted to the rehabilitation of the child but the prevention of nutritonal deterioration of the entire family and sometimes to the entire community.
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PMID:Infantile malnutrition in the tropics. 681 12

A 22-year-old male presented with a brief history of progressive encephalopathy. One week previously, he had developed an upper respiratory infection that resolved spontaneously and was followed by intractable vomiting. He had taken salicylates for several days during the viral syndrome. The diagnosis of Reye's syndrome was confirmed by hepatic histology. Aggressive conservative management was followed by complete metabolic and neurological recovery. There are fewer than 10 reported cases of Reye's syndrome in adults but this disease may be more common than is generally suspected. The diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with emesis and obtundation, who have recently had a viral illness and exhibit elevated blood ammonia and transaminases with normal cerebrospinal fluid. Confirmation is achieved by liver biopsy. Therapy is directed toward aggressive reduction of increased intracranial pressure.
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PMID:Reye's syndrome in the adult: case report and review of the literature. 685 15


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