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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind study in Cameroon the vermicidal effect of Ciclobendazole, a new Benzimidazole derivative, was evaluated and compared to Mebendazole. Ciclobendazole and Mebendazole were equally effective in the treatment of Ascaris and Hookworm infestations. An increase in the dosis of Ciclobendazole from 600 mg to 1200 mg did not lead to an improvement in the effectiveness. When treating trichuriasis significantly better results were achieved with Mebendazole (p = 0.01). Both drugs were tolerated equally well. Side effects, such as vomiting and diarrhoea, only occurred in a small percentage of cases.
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PMID:Comparative trial on the therapeutic effectiveness of the new anthelmintic drug: ciclobendazole. 36 76

Nine dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease had clinical and laboratory findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism. The dogs had histories of anorexia, weakness or lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Hypothermia, dehydration, and emaciation also were detected on physical examination. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and abnormally low Na/K ratios were found on laboratory evaluation, but results of ACTH-response tests were not compatible with hypoadrenocorticism. The primary diagnoses were trichuriasis and salmonellosis in 2 dogs, trichuriasis in 5 dogs, and perforated duodenal ulcer in 2 dogs. Most dogs responded to medical or surgical treatment of their primary gastrointestinal disease, and the original electrolyte abnormalities resolved. These findings emphasize the importance of the ACTH-response test in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with clinicopathologic findings similar to those of hypoadrenocorticism.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic findings resembling hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with primary gastrointestinal disease. 299 Nov 78

Helminth and schistosome infections occur in the same geographical areas as does malnutrition. These parasitic infections can occur already in malnourished persons. Hookworm infections reduces food intake and/or increase nutrient wastage via vomiting, diarrhea, or blood loss. These effects exasperate protein energy malnutrition, anemia, and other nutrient deficiencies. Hookworm infection reduces the work capacity and productivity of children and adults; increases maternal and fetal morbidity, premature delivery, and low birth weight, as well as the susceptibility to other infections; and reduces the rate of cognitive development. These social and economic consequences in turn reduce the ability of people and families to raise crops or earn enough money to buy food and other essentials. As many as 90% of the children in some areas of the developed world are infected with roundworm. More than 100,000 deaths in 1987 resulted from complications of roundworm infection (e.g., intestinal obstruction). Roundworm infection reduces the body's ability to use protein and to absorb fat, which worsens protein energy malnutrition. Other nutrient effects of roundworm infection are exacerbation of vitamin A deficiency and lactose and milk intolerance. Whipworm infection can effect prolapse of the rectum and nutritional problems. Treatment of children with whipworm improves hematocrit, growth rates and anthropometry, and serum albumin, and reduces diarrhea and bacterial and protozoan infections in the bowel. Schistosomiasis causes nutritional effects similar to those of helminths. Studies in Kenya show that, in children, 1 treatment against worm, infections improves growth and fitness within 4 months. Other studies in Kenya show that treating children for worms or anemia improves weight gains per month at least as much as and usually more than school feeding programs, a more labor intensive, complicated, and expensive effort. Deworming programs should operate in areas where undernutrition exceeds 25% and worms are prevalent.
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PMID:Helminth parasites, a major factor in malnutrition. 801 83

A nine-year-old golden retriever was referred for evaluation of chronic anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Low body weight, mucous membrane pallor, and palpably enlarged liver and spleen were detected by physical examination. Anemia, hyperglobulinemia, and concurrent trichuriasis and coccidiosis were identified upon initial diagnostic evaluation. Punctate vertebral lysis was apparent radiographically. Atypical plasma cell proliferation was found in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. An immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G biclonal gammopathy was demonstrated by serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The dog was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and euthanized per owner request. Multiple myeloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for biclonal gammopathy in the dog.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G biclonal gammopathy in a dog with multiple myeloma. 897 26

The Philippines' Department of Health believes that up to 90% of children in the country could be prone to poor physical and mental development because the problem of intestinal worms has gone largely unchecked. A nationwide study conducted over 10 years by the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports found a prevalence of 50-90% in children aged 2-14 years. Up to 30% of the population of 22 million children may have 1 or more of the 3 most common types of soil transmitted helminths: roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm. Infection with such worms through ingestion, skin penetration, or both, often affects children's performance in school because it can stunt growth, decrease physical activity, and cause poor physical and mental development. The most common symptoms of worm infestation are pain, enlargement of the abdomen, loss of appetite and weight, vomiting, insomnia, and irregular respiration. Worms thrive in tropical climates and are endemic to many developing countries. Infestation, however, is easily dealt with; 1 dose of albendazole given once per year for 3 years is enough to eradicate worms in a child. A pilot project launched last year in 2 villages in Aurora province in northern Luzon has thus far yielded encouraging results.
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PMID:Intestinal worms impair child health in the Philippines. 991 19

A rare human case of gastroenteritis and eosinophilic ascites associated with gastric trichuriasis is described. The patient was a 32-yr-old woman who was working in a farm near Pohang, Korea. She complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Endoscopic examination found focal linear hyperemia on the mucosa of the stomach antrum, and endoscopic biopsy confirmed eosinophilic inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach, terminal ileum, and cecum. The biopsy specimen of the stomach included a female Trichuris trichiura which was covered by many inflammatory cells on its surface. Ascites and intestinal wall thickening was found by CT scan, and Douglas pouch centesis aspirated bloody ascites which included many eosinophils. She was medicated with prednisolone and albendazole and cured. She is the first case of eosinophilic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and ascites associated with trichuriasis in the stomach.
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PMID:A case of gastroenteritis associated with gastric trichuriasis. 1280 34

There is a considerable amount of speculations concerning the presence of symptoms in various parasitic infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of different parasitic infections among children in day care centers (DCCs), and to establish the relation of such infections to gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 623 stool samples were collected from 700 preschool children aged 2-5 years who attended 3 DCCs of different social classes in Alexandria. These samples were tested for parasitic infection by the conventional microscopy. Parents were interviewed as regards the gastrointestinal symptoms frequently suffered from by their children included in the sample during the 3 months period preceding the interview. The prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 56.0%. Giardiasis was the commonest infection (34.7%), followed by Ascariasis (24.4%) and Trichuriasis (4.6%). Boys showed a significantly higher prevalence than girls (58.3% vs. 52.9%, p<0.01). Social children were more infected with G. lamblia than unsocial ones (39.6% vs. 22.1%, p<0.01). Vomiting was strongly associated with G. lamblia infection (OR=7.1, p<0.01), diarrhea with multiple infections (OR=48.2, p<0.01), while abdominal pain was not significantly associated with any of these infections. The high prevalence of Giardiasis in DCCs emphasizes the need for increased surveillance for G. lamblia as a cause of vomiting in children, especially among active and social boys. Routine and periodic administration of a protozoan treatment to such children is recommended.
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PMID:Parasitic infections and gastrointestinal symptoms among preschool children in day care centers in Alexandria, Egypt. 1721 67