Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicenter phase II trial of carboplatin, a new platinum analog of cisplatin, was carried out in bronchogenic carcinoma at 17 institutions throughout Japan. Of 139 patients enrolled in this trial, 10 were excluded from analysis as inevaluable and the remaining 129 were judged to be evaluable for response and toxic effects by the Extramural Review Committee. Patients were treated i.v. with either 300 or 400 mg/m2 carboplatin every 4 weeks. Responses and toxic effects were assessed at both dose levels. The overall response rate was 17.8% (23/129), with response rates of 28.4% (19/67) for small-cell disease, 7.1% (2/28) for squamous-cell carcinoma, and 6.9% (2/29) for adenocarcinoma. The most frequent toxic effects were thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, with a platelet count of less than 7 x 10(4) microliters recorded in 60 patients (46.5%) and a WBC count of less than 3,000/microliters recorded in 60 cases (46.5%). Vomiting occurred in 28 patients (21.7%). Renal, aural, and neurotoxicities were not seen. Hydration was not required. Carboplatin was demonstrated to be active against lung cancer, especially against small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of carboplatin in patients with nonresected lung cancer. Japan Cooperative Oncology Group on Lung Cancer. 216 Dec 95

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) was given as a single agent at a dose of 25 mg/m2 daily for 5 days by continuous infusion; treatment was repeated every 4 weeks in 30 previously untreated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The median age of the patients was 61 years; 13 patients had limited disease and 17, extensive disease. The overall response rate was 40% (12/30; 95% confidence limits, 23-58%), with a median survival of 8 months. Vomiting was observed in 37% of patients; elevated serum creatinine levels (greater than 1.5 mg/dl), in 7%; leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3), in 39%; thrombocytopenia (less than 70,000/mm3), in 26%; and anemia (hemoglobin less than 9.5 g/dl), in 60% of patients. In all cases, these toxicities were mild and transient, requiring no dose modification. The exposure to filterable platinum, determined from the area under the concentration-time curve, was 9.08 +/- 3.21 micrograms h ml-1. We conclude that CDDP given by 5-day continuous i.v. infusion is safe and effective for treatment of NSCLC.
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PMID:Phase II study of 5-day continuous infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. 217 93

A drug schedule has been devised based on a strategy of G2 blockade followed by prolonged infusion of tubulin-binding agents. The regimen consists of doxorubicin 32 mg/m2 i.v. and cyclophosphamide 320 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 followed by vinblastine (0.3 to 1.2 mg/m2/day), cisplatin (3 to 12 mg/m2/day), and vincristine (0.04 to 0.16 mg/m2/day) by continuous intravenous infusion on days 5 to 12. Courses are repeated every 28 days. Eighteen patients with advanced solid tumors received 37 courses of chemotherapy in a pilot study to determine safe drug concentrations for the three-drug infusion for 7 days. Dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Patients who received prior mitomycin-C experienced more profound thrombocytopenia than those who did not. Nonhematologic toxicities included mild nausea, vomiting, and transient elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum creatinine. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who erroneously received vincristine 0.8 mg/m2 instead of 0.08 mg/m2 for 4 1/2 days developed transient myalgia, ileus, and a transient peripheral neuropathy; the patient achieved a sustained complete remission for 15 months and died of unrelated causes. Minor responses and stable disease were seen in two patients with renal cell carcinoma (1 and 2.5 months), three patients with colorectal carcinoma (1.5, 2, and 4 months), and one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (2 months). The ViVACCy drug regimen can be given without undue toxicity and may be active in solid tumors.
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PMID:ViVACCy--a drug schedule based on G2 blockade and prolonged infusion of multiple tubulin-binding agents. A pilot study. 219 39

Pirarubicin is a more lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin, with a higher uptake rate of cells, lower cardiotoxicity and better antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Thirty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated in a multicenter phase II study with pirarubicin (THP) using a dosage of 75 mg/m2/every 3 weeks. The patients had a median age of 56 years (range 41-73) and a performance status of WHO grade 0-2. Patients pretreated with anthracyclines, or who were older than 75 years and without sufficient bone marrow reserve were excluded. The 32 evaluable patients received a median number of 4 cycles (range 2-8). The myelosuppression was dose-limiting and led to infections (grades 1 and 2) in 5 patients. Twenty-eight patients developed leukocytopenia grade 3 and 4 toxicity and 7 patients experienced thrombocytopenia grade 1 and 2. The drug was subjectively well tolerated and nausea, vomiting and alopecia were mild. One complete remission with a duration of 15.4 months (67 weeks) and 7 partial remissions with a median duration of 9.3 months (40 weeks) were achieved, which resulted in an overall response rate of 25%. Twenty-one patients were stable for 17 weeks (median) under the treatment with pirarubicin.
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PMID:Phase II study of pirarubicin in metastatic breast cancer. 220 3

Sixteen patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon were treated with a regimen of leucovorin 200 mg/m2, given as a 10-min infusion followed by a median dose of 833 mg/m2 (range 500-1000 mg/m2) 5-fluorouracil every two weeks. For the 16 patients with proven metastatic disease, two-year survival exceeds 50%. Responses were: 2 complete; 4 partial; 4 minor; 3 progression; and 3 not evaluable but without progression to date. Toxicities include: 8 (50%) leukopenia; 9 (56%), 1 severe thrombocytopenia; 9 (56%), 2 severe, diarrhea; 9 (56%), 3 severe, nausea/vomiting; 8 (50%), 1 severe, stomatitis; 7 (44%) conjunctivitis; 6 (38%) alopecia; and 13 (81%), 3 severe, neurotoxicity. Leucovorin appears to exert a dose-dependent beneficial effect on both the response and survival produced by the intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. This benefit first appears to increase substantially when the leucovorin dose is increased from 120 to 200 mg/m2. Findings identify a testable candidate regimen for selected good risk patients. Full selection criteria remain to be identified.
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PMID:Dose-dependent leucovorin efficacy with an intermittent high-dose 5-fluorouracil schedule. 220 56

Autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were administered intraperitoneally (IP) to 24 patients with malignancies limited to the peritoneal space. Ten patients had ovarian cancer, 12 had colorectal cancer, and one patient each had endometrial carcinoma and primary small-bowel adenocarcinoma. All ovarian cancer patients, three of twelve colorectal cancer patients, and one patient with endometrial carcinoma had received prior therapy. Patients received IL-2 100,000 U/kg every 8 hours intravenously (IV) for 3 days, and 2 days later underwent daily leukapheresis for 5 days. LAK cells were generated in vitro by incubating the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in IL-2 for 7 days and were then administered IP daily for 5 days through a Tenckhoff catheter (Davol, Inc, Cranston, RI) together with IL-2 25,000 U/kg IP every 8 hours. All but one patient completed at least one cycle of therapy. Toxic side effects included minor to moderate hypotension, fever, chills, rash, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and distension, diarrhea, oliguria, fluid retention, thrombocytopenia, and minor elevations of liver function tests; all of these rapidly improved after discontinuation of IL-2. One patient had a grand mal seizure, and one suffered a colonic perforation; these were felt to be treatment-related. IP fibrosis developed in 14 patients and limited repeated cyclic administration of this therapy in five patients. Two of 10 (20%) ovarian cancer patients and five of 12 (42%) colorectal cancer patients had laparoscopy- or laparotomy-documented partial responses. We conclude that LAK cells and rIL-2 can be administered IP to cancer patients, resulting in moderate to severe short-term toxicity and modest therapeutic efficacy. Further investigation of this form of adoptive immunotherapy modified to address the problem of IP fibrosis and with lower IP IL-2 doses is justified by these initial results.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal lymphokine-activated killer-cell and interleukin-2 therapy for malignancies limited to the peritoneal cavity. 221 99

Phase I study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate), a derivative of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), was conducted by cooperative study groups between January 1986 and June 1987. The dosage for the single and 5-day oral administration ranged 50 to 1,200 and 100 to 900 mg/body/day, respectively. The main adverse effects were myelo-suppression and gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea. In the single administration, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) could not be determined, however, in the 5-day schedule MTD was considered to be 700 to 900 mg/body/day, and the dose limiting factor to be thrombocytopenia. After the single administration (800 mg/body/day) of YNK01, the plasma concentration of Ara-C, an active metabolite of YNK01, was 3.43 ng/ml (Cmax) at 24 hrs. and 0.82 ng/ml at 72 hrs. During the 5-day administration for 300 mg/body/day and 500 mg/body/day, the Ara-C concentration changed from 2.3 to 4.1 ng/ml, and from 1.5 to 11.9 ng/ml respectively, and sustained almost the same concentration as to during the administration period until the 2nd day after the completion of the administration.
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PMID:[Phase I study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate)]. 224 Nov 85

The features of typhoid fever in Indian South Africans are described. In children the illness was usually uncomplicated. However, anaemia, thrombocytopenia and hypo-albuminaemia were found in both adults and children. The initial symptoms on presentation of diarrhoea and vomiting frequently led to a misdiagnosis of gastro-enteritis. The previous administration of antibiotics also resulted in failure to isolate Salmonella typhi in 41% of patients studied. Typhoid acquired in the microbiology laboratory and that seen in visitors returning from India and the Far East is emphasised. The S. typhi isolates were uniformly sensitive to all antibiotics tested. The disproportionately high number of Indians of south Indian ancestry presenting to the R. K. Khan Hospital needs to be investigated.
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PMID:Typhoid fever in the adult and paediatric Indian population of Durban. 229 5

The question of whether the HELLP syndrome exists as a distinct entity or is part of a spectrum of pregnancy complications, which have in common hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia, has long been a source of speculation and debate among obstetricians and internists. A review of the literature indicates a definite need for a uniform definition, diagnosis, and management of this syndrome. Patients manifesting this syndrome usually are seen before term (less than 36 weeks' gestation) complaining of malaise (90%), epigastric or right upper-quadrant pain (90%), and nausea or vomiting (50%), and some will have nonspecific viral-syndrome-like symptoms. Hypertension and proteinuria may be absent or slight. Thus some of these patients may have a variety of signs and symptoms, none of which are diagnostic of classic preeclampsia. In consideration of the high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity reported with the presence of this syndrome, I recommend that all pregnant women having any of these symptoms should have a complete blood cell count with platelet and liver enzyme determinations irrespective of maternal blood pressure.
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PMID:The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): much ado about nothing? 240 34

Forty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer and measurable areas of malignant disease were treated with etoposide (130 mg/m2/day X 3 days) plus cisplatin (45 mg/m2day on days 2 and 3). Both drugs were given by constant intravenous infusion and repeated every 4 weeks. Common toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most patients experienced severe but reversible toxic reactions. In 46 evaluable patients an overall objective regression rate of 28% was obtained with a median duration of regression of 4 months. Regression rates were only modestly reduced among patients with prior chemotherapy exposure (21%). Whereas this combination of etoposide and cisplatin does not appear to offer any major advantage over other single and combination regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, it shows definite activity and its lack of cross-resistance with other commonly used agents for this disease could indicate a possible role in new combination or sequential chemotherapy approaches. As an interesting sidelight, we found that 21% of our patients had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels, and among this group regression rates were higher than in HCG-negative patients. It would be of interest to extend these observations in other gastric carcinoma studies involving cisplatin regimens.
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PMID:A phase II study of the combination of etoposide and cisplatin in the therapy of advanced gastric cancer. 231 Oct 61


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