Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a 70 year-old woman who presented with clinical tetanus following a four day history of abdominal pain and vomiting. The source of Clostridium tetani was an infarcted loop of ileum resulting from pelvic adhesions. The treatment of tetanus and the incidence of endogenous sources of Clostridium tetani are reviewed. Health Department figures for the decade 1973-1982 show that 70% of reported cases of clinical tetanus occur in those aged 45 years or older.
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PMID:Ileal infarction: a rare cause of tetanus in the elderly. 333 May 99

It is generally presumed that children who have had reactions to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization will be more likely to have similar reactions or more severe reactions upon subsequent immunization. To evaluate this contention, we studied the rates of selected reactions occurring within 48 hours of primary DTP immunization in 1,241 infants less than one year of age. Both local and systemic reactions were significantly more frequent following subsequent DTP immunization if present following a prior immunization. The rates of local reactions following subsequent DTP immunization as a function of previous reactions were as follows (no prior reactions/prior reaction): local redness greater than or equal to 2.5 cm, 12.5%/25.5% (p less than 0.0001); local swelling greater than or equal to 2.5 cm, 16.8%/29.0% (p less than 0.0001); local pain, 37.4%/56.4%; (p less than 0.0001). The rates of systemic reactions as a function of previous reactions were as follows (no prior reactions/prior reaction): drowsiness, 24.9%/42.8% (p less than 0.0001); fretfulness, 47.5%/64.7% (p less than 0.0001); vomiting, 4.8%/11.2% (p = 0.0084); anorexia 16.0%/26.3% (p = 0.0001); fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C, 37.6%/58.5% (p less than) 0.0001); persistent crying, 2.6%/4.5% (p = 0.3557). In addition, infants who experienced a fever greater than or equal to 38 degrees C on the first of two immunizations were more likely to have a temperature greater than or equal to 39 degrees C following the second immunization, 4.2% vs. 12.4% (p = 0.0017). These data strongly support the presumption that children who have had previous reactions following DTP immunization are more likely to have similar reactions upon subsequent immunization.
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PMID:DTP vaccine reactions: effect of prior reactions on rate of subsequent reactions. 387 87

Although traditional uvulectomy, a procedure which consists of cutting away a part of the uvula, has been reported in several sub-Saharan African countries, in Maghreb and in Israel, epidemiological and anthropological data on this practice are rare. Severe complications may require hospitalization. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of this traditional procedure in Niamey, capital of Niger, the incidence of its severe complications and the beliefs and practices related to it. By the age of 5, 19.6% of the children in our survey had undergone uvulectomy. Severe complications of uvulectomy represented 7.8/1000 cases of hospitalization for children under 15 years of age. Complications were infections (including tetanus), hemorrhage and passage of the cut piece of uvula further down the respiratory tract. The children who had undergone uvulectomy belonged significantly more often to the Hausa ethnic group (66.2%) than to the majority Zarma ethnic group (18.3%) or to the other ethnic groups (15.5%). This can be explained by the fact that, in some Hausa subgroups, uvulectomy is systematically performed on the 7th day after birth, during the naming ceremony, to prevent death due to a 'swelling of the uvula'. In the other Hausa sub-groups and in the other ethnic groups, uvulectomy is solely a curative practice, both for children and adults, for vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, the child's rejection of the breast, growth retardation and fever. Uvulectomy is performed in Niger by the barbers, whose functions are also to perform specialized surgery. These traditional surgeons claim there is no risk to this practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Traditional uvulectomy in Niger: a public health problem? 780 61

The Western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox, is responsible for the majority of snakebites in Sonora, Mexico. We report 19 cases of children who were attacked by these snakes. Most of the rattlesnake attacks occurred in rural areas during the summer. The children's ages ranged from one to 15 years. The lower extremities, especially the legs, were most often bitten. The signs and symptoms presented by these patients included: pain, edema, limitation of motion, ecchymosis, bleeding and necrosis in the area of the bite, epistaxis, hematuria, and vomiting. Hospital treatment included: parenteral electrolyte solutions, antivenom serum, antibiotics, tetanus toxoid, blood transfusions, hydrocortisone, heparin, and peritoneal dialysis. In one case a fasciotomy was necessary. The observed complications on envenomations included: hemolysis, local necrosis, coagulation disorders, paresthesia, somnolence, and acute renal failure. One death occurred from disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Rattlesnake bite complications in 19 children. 817 4

Our experience with 36 cases of adder bites, collected during 13 years (1976-1989), is presented. The severity of the clinical picture was minimal to moderate in most of the cases, with mainly local symptomatology noted. Only 4 of the cases had symptoms such as vomiting and abdominal pain. Good results wee obtain in all cases with the prescribed medical treatment, except in one case which had partial necrosis of the skin on one finger on the side of viper bite. Antibiotics were used in all cases except three and anti-tetanus therapy was used in those cases where needed. Corticosteroids and antihistamines were used on selected occasions. We recommend the use of antiofidic serum, although the possibilities of anaphylactic reaction must be noted. We do not recommended local incisions and suction for this type of bites.
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PMID:[Poisoning by viper bites in children]. 843 96

An anthropological examination is made of the Esan population living in Ekpoma, Egoro-Haoko, OkhuEsan, and Ubiaja in Edo State, Nigeria, during 1988-89. The focus is on the Esan perception of illness, the Esan health behavior, and the treatment of illness. The sample areas are not densely populated due to migration to urban areas. Traditional or Christian religions are practiced. Piped water, good roads, and electricity are inadequate. Polygyny is widely practiced. The Esan people believe illness is caused by people or natural or supernatural forces. The most common illnesses among children are measles, convulsions, and headache, which are attributed to supernatural factors. Diarrhea, vomiting, malaria, smallpox, chicken pox, pneumonia, and tetanus are thought to be due to natural factors. Child mortality due to witchcraft is reduced through the taking of oaths at shrines. Christianity has helped to protect people from the power of witches and wizards. In traditional times, natural illnesses were attributed to poor sanitation, poor nutrition, and lack of good water. Presently, women believe that natural illnesses occur from environmental factors such as overgrown weeds or poor water drainage. Many health programs have improved the situation for prevention and treatment. Adult male illnesses are reported as back and waist pains, sugar disease, hemorrhoids, blindness, and sudden swelling of the body, legs, and knees. Blindness occurs due to supernatural forces caused by a lack of maintaining traditional customs, such as adultery of a wife. When a husband dies of a supernatural illness, the wife is frequently held accountable. Adult females report illnesses from pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Miscarriage, hemorrhage, retention of the placenta, and obstructed labor are considered to be due to supernatural factors subsequent to such behaviors as having sex in the afternoon or in the fields. Traditional treatment is dispensed according to the type of illness and is mainly used by adults. Children are treated more quickly than adults. Cost and distance from health services affects use of modern medicine. Mixes of modern and traditional practices are common.
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PMID:The socio-cultural context of health behaviour among Esan communities, Edo State, Nigeria. 1014 69

The primary aim of this study was to assess the tolerability and immunogenicity of a new Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)/AlPO4 (CHIRON, SpA) vaccine, in two-month-old healthy infants. Twenty-three subjects were enrolled and administered the new Hib vaccine containing AlPO4 adjuvant at two, three and four months of age concomitantly with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and hepatitis B vaccines according to the local program. Children were observed for 30 minutes after each immunization for any immediate local and systemic reactions. An active surveillance for side effects was performed on the 2nd and 7th days following each immunization by telephone. Families also filled out diaries for the first seven days. From the 2nd day to the next immunization only data about adverse events necessitating a physician's visit or about serious adverse events were collected. Blood samples were obtained before the first immunization and one month after the third dose for evaluation of anti-polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody response. Local reactions at the Hib site were mild and less frequent compared to those observed at the DPT site. Systemic reactions noted after the three immunizations were fever in 70 percent, irritability in 48 percent, persistent crying in 26 percent, change in eating habits in 22 percent, diarrhea in 17 percent, sleepiness in 17 percent, vomiting in 9 percent, and unusual crying in 4 percent of the cases. There was no serious adverse event. One hundred percent and 95 percent of children achieved an anti-PRP antibody response over 0.15 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean titer was 15 microg/ml and the geometric mean ratio 84. It was concluded that the new (Hib)/AlPO4 vaccine is safe and well tolerated, and induced a good PRP antibody response in healthy two-month-old infants.
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PMID:Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine containing aluminum phosphate adjuvant administered at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. 1077 Jan 9

Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine strain CVD 908-htrA was used as a vector to deliver fragment C of tetanus toxin as a single-dose oral tetanus vaccine candidate to elicit protective levels of serum tetanus antitoxin. Twenty-one healthy adult volunteers received doses of 1.6 x 10(7) to 8.2 x 10(9) CFU of one of two strains, CVD 908-htrA(pTETnir15) or CVD 908-htrA(pTETlpp), which contained plasmid-encoded fragment C, with sodium bicarbonate, and the safety and immune responses to serovar Typhi antigens and tetanus toxin were assessed. No volunteer had fever or positive blood cultures after vaccination, although diarrhea occurred in 3 volunteers and vomiting in 2 volunteers within 3 weeks after vaccination. Most volunteers excreted the vaccine strain in the first 72 h after vaccination. Three of nine volunteers who received 10(8) CFU or higher doses of the CVD 908-htrA(pTETlpp) construct developed rises in serum antitoxin antibodies. The serum and cellular immune responses to serovar Typhi antigens were less frequent than those previously observed in volunteers who ingested the parent strain CVD 908-htrA. This study demonstrates that fragment C of tetanus toxin delivered orally to volunteers in an S. Typhi vector can elicit protective levels of serum antitoxin.
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PMID:Safety and immune responses to attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar typhi oral live vector vaccines expressing tetanus toxin fragment C. 1102 55

The common European adder (Vipera berus) is the only naturally occurring venomous snake in Poland. Adder bites occur mainly in the summer usually to individuals who accidentally or purposely bother snakes. Children often become victims of adders. The most common symptoms are: local swelling, rash and discoloration around the bite. General symptoms such as extensive edema spreading to the trunk, vomiting and diarrhoea, acute renal failure, CNS disturbances and cardiovascular problems are not frequent. Haemorrhages are extremely rare. Shock, although also rare, is the most serious symptom. Fatalities are quite exceptional. The treatment should start first of all with immobilization of the bitten limb and in most cases it will suffice. Any patient suspected of being bitten, should be kept under observation in hospital, where the supportive care is possible, if needed. Antivenoms, thought quite safe nowadays, can be used in case of adults only when all of the other means including intensive shock care have been ineffective. In children early treatment with new more purified antivenoms may be considered however existing literature does not offer evidence based efficiency of such treatment in larger groups of children. Tetanus protection is a routine.
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PMID:[Viper bites]. 1119 97

Pertussis (i.e., whooping cough) is associated typically with an inspiratory "whoop," prolonged paroxysmal cough, and posttussive vomiting; however, persons infected with Bordetella pertussis sometimes experience atypical symptoms, making prompt recognition difficult and probably increasing infection transmission. All infants aged <6 months and any infants who have not yet received 3 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine are especially vulnerable to B. pertussis infection. This report summarizes the investigations of two pertussis deaths that occurred in 2000. Clinicians should consider pertussis as a cause of illness, especially among vulnerable infants who present with cough illness, respiratory distress, or apnea. Timely diagnosis of pertussis in caregivers and other contacts of infants could prevent infant pertussis fatalities.
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PMID:Pertussis deaths--United States, 2000. 1223 2


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