Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An 8-year-old child was given perphenazine to prevent vomiting after surgery and developed an acute dystonic reaction; There were features of both tetany and tetanus without any of the classical features of extrapyramidal disturbance. The diagnostic difficulties are discussed. The reaction was treated successfully with i.v. diazepam. The prescribing of anti-emetics after surgery is examined critically with special reference to children.
 ...
PMID:Tetany, tetanus or drug reaction? A case report. 101 48

This is the first study in children from the United States that evaluates the immunogenicity of and adverse reactions to the Connaught/Biken two-component acellular pertussis vaccine compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine when given as a primary immunization series at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Three hundred eighty infants were studied; 285 received acellular diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP (ADTP)) and 95 received whole-cell DTP (WDTP). Following the third dose, ADTP vaccination produced higher antibody responses than WDTP to lymphocytosis-promoting factor (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgG geometric mean titer (GMT) = 131 vs 9 and Chinese hamster ovary cell assay GMT = 273 vs 16) and to filamentous hemagglutinin (IgG GMT = 73 vs 10) (all P less than .0001). Agglutinin responses were higher in WDTP compared with ADTP recipients (GMT = 50 vs 37; P = .02). Local reactions were fewer for all three doses following ADTP vaccination. Fever, irritability, drowsiness, anorexia, vomiting, and unusual crying all occurred less frequently in ADTP compared with WDTP recipients for one or more of the three doses. We conclude that this two-component ADTP vaccine when given as a primary series produces greater immunogenicity and fewer adverse effects than the currently licensed WDTP vaccine.
 ...
PMID:Acellular pertussis vaccination of 2-month-old infants in the United States. 157 99

The author relates her experience in Benin during a 3 and 1/2 year tenure as a nurse under the aegis of the German Development Agency. In Malanville, she was responsible for starting the operating room, caring for hygiene, sterility, and the related training of domestic staff. A septic and aseptic operating room was set up along with a storage room for instruments, a sterilization room, and a changing room. For the operating and surgical station, the following personnel were available: 2 nurses with 3 years of training, 1 nurse with 2 years of training, and 3 orderlies without training. A nurse with 3 years of training was assigned to the author to carry on the project after her departure. The standard of operating care was very low. It took a month to teach the staff what was not sterile. There was a even problem with putting on sterile gloves which required an exercise in patience. There were an average of 5 relatives per patient taking care of the patient and cooking. The undernutrition center for infants had 6 beds with 2 German nurses who administered Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), diphtheria, polio, and tetanus vaccinations. Their activity was strengthened by nutrition counselling and plans for underweight and malnourished children. Abrupt weaning that resulted in harmful diarrhea and vomiting was prevalent. Clinical signs of marasmus and kwashiorkor were frequent. In the middle of 1990, AIDS educators informed students of the public school as well as registered prostitutes about condom use. In the hospital, there were about 900 births per year, and women were asked to follow recommendations for prenatal care, especially to achieve anemia prevention by getting iron tablets. They were urged to deliver in the clinic, not at home assisted by untrained midwives. Oxytocin and syntometrin were available as was a hand-driven, vacuum evacuation pump. This experience made a lasting impression on the author who has resolved to go to another developing country to train traditional birth attendants in midwifery.
 ...
PMID:[In Africa as a nurse]. 161 98

A prospective study of minor reactions after the four combined vaccinations for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis (DTPP) was performed in 540 infants in the Netherlands. An analysis was made of the symptoms observed by the infants' parents after 2026 inoculations. The aim was to assess the frequency, association, and risk of recurrence of minor reactions. These were designated as fever (greater than or equal to 38.0 degrees C), local reactions, crying, and other general symptoms (changes in sleeping or eating patterns, vomiting, drowsiness, fretfulness). Fever occurred after 67.7% of inoculations, one or more local reactions after 66.2%, and increased crying after 64.4%. After 80% of inoculations, one or more other general symptoms occurred. Only 4.4% of inoculations were followed by no minor reaction. Fever rarely occurred as an isolated symptom; it showed a significant association (i) with one or more local reactions, (ii) with increased crying, and (iii) with two or more other general symptoms. Chances of fever, redness at the inoculation site, and crying after inoculation increased with repeat inoculations if these reactions had occurred after preceding inoculation(s).
 ...
PMID:Frequent symptoms after DTPP vaccinations. 177 87

In a clinical trial of stabilized yellow fever vaccine from Institute Pasteur in 77 children aged seven to eight months, fever was the most significant immediate and delayed side effect. Fever occurred in 12 (15.6%) children with in 48 hours of vaccination while it occurred in 10 (12.9%) children within ten days of vaccination. Other recorded side effects were pain at innoculation site in four (5.2%) children and vomiting in one (1.3%) child. Temperature recorded in 20 of the 22 febrile episodes ranged from 37.8 degrees C to 38.6 degrees C. One of the two patients who had temperatures of 39 degrees C and above had malaria parasites in her blood film. All episodes of fever except one responded to antipyretic. There was no episode of febrile convulsion and no feature suggestive of encephalitis. Of the 20 children who had neutralization test carried out against yellow fever virus six weeks after vaccination, the test was positive in post vaccination sera of 12 (60%) children whose pre-vaccination sera were negative. Two others showed evidence of partial protection. Although the seroconversion rate of 60% is less than reported in adults and older children, the result of this study shows that yellow fever vaccine is safe and fairly effective in infants. It is our suggestion that if a larger trial confirms our findings, the vaccine may be incorporated into the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) to be given at the age of seven months after completion of diptheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccinations and before measles vaccination is due.
 ...
PMID:Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old. 227 33

Both the systemic and local reactions caused by the immunization with the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough were studied. Side-effects, 48 hours after the vaccination were determined in 730 children between the ages of two months and five years and 11 months. Over 13% of the children were free from side-effects. Eighty-seven percent of the children immunized showed the following side-effects in percentages of frequency: fever, 66.0%; malaise, 37.8%; loss of appetite, 25.0%; sleep disorders, 20.4%; vomiting, 7.9%; and continuous crying, 7.6%. With respect to local disturbances: pain, 41.6%; reddening, 28.0% and subcutaneous nodules, 20.1%. None of the children had convulsions, hypotonic episodes or immediate neurological damage. Two types of DTP vaccines, one from the Connaught (Canadian) Laboratory and another from the National Institute of Hygiene (Venezuelan) were used. No significant differences were found in the appearance of the side-effects between the both, except for localized pain (P less than 0.01) with the national vaccine. The results obtained in relation to age and the number of doses were: there was a significant increase of localized pain as ages increased (P less than 0.01). There were significantly greater number of localized pain and subcutaneous nodules with greater numbers of doses (P less than 0.01).
 ...
PMID:[Side effects of the vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough]. 239 Jan 82

We investigated the rates of local and systemic reactions following 9920 diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis immunizations from 25 lots of commercially available, United States-licensed diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis adsorbed vaccines from four manufacturers as a function of vaccine lot, endotoxin content, pertussis vaccine potency and percent of mouse weight gain. There were significant differences between the rates of reactions by lot for all local and systemic reactions except convulsions and hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes. For these latter reactions there were insufficient cases for analyses. P was less than 0.0001 for local reactions, fever, drowsiness, fretfulness, anorexia and screaming and 0.017 for vomiting. No single lot was associated with the highest or lowest rate of reactions for more than 3 of the 11 reactions. There was a significant positive association of endotoxin unit (EU) content and the percent of vaccine recipients who developed fever (P = 0.004). Fever increased in frequency from 20.6% of children immunized with vaccine lots that contained 2500 EU to 55.1% of children immunized with vaccine lots containing 40,000 EU. There were significant positive associations of all local reactions and pertussis vaccine potency (P = 0.0004), and percent of mouse weight gain (P less than 0.0001). There was also a positive association of percent mouse weight gain and persistent screaming (P = 0.001). However, for the majority of reactions there was no clinically meaningful associations between reaction rates and the biological properties of the vaccine studied.
 ...
PMID:Analyses of adverse reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine by vaccine lot, endotoxin content, pertussis vaccine potency and percentage of mouse weight gain. 277 30

Acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for mass immunization of children in Japan since the fall of 1981, but until recently they have not been evaluated in the United States. We report a trial with a DTP vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component in 36 four to six year old children who had previously received four doses of United States DTP licensed vaccine with a whole cell pertussis vaccine component. The study vaccine contained diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and 300 HA units of Takeda acellular pertussis component. The principle immunizing antigens in the pertussis component of the vaccine were lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). Local and systemic reactions were monitored during the first 48 hours after vaccination, and pre-immunization and one month post-immunization serum specimens were obtained for antibody assay. The following reaction rates were noted: redness 50%, tenderness 50%, swelling 41%, fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) 3%, drowsiness 17%, fretfulness 14%, anorexia 11%, and vomiting 6%. Pertussis antibody values (preimmunization/postimmunization) were as follows: agglutinin GMT, 1:21/1:100; FHA mean ELISA u, 28 +/- 6/greater than or equal to 229 +/- 47; LPF mean ELISA u, 176 +/- 59/1732 +/- 280. The pertussis component of the study vaccine would appear to be less reactogenic than United States whole cell pertussis vaccines but still immunogenic when given as a booster immunization to four to six year old children. Further studies are needed to assess reactions and immunogenicity in younger and previously unimmunized children.
 ...
PMID:An open study evaluating the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a DTP vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component in four to six year old children. 287 32

An acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AC-DTP) vaccine was compared with a currently licensed, whole-cell pertussis-component DTP (WC-DTP) vaccine for reactogenicity and immunogenicity when given as the fourth DTP immunization in sixty 18- to 24-month-old children. Reactions over the first 48 hours were significantly less common in the AC-DTP vaccine recipients, as follows (WC-DTP/AC-DTP): fever, 85%/5%; redness, 70%/12.5%; tenderness, 100%/22.5%; swelling, 35%/10%; fretfulness, 70%/12.5%; anorexia, 35%/2.5%; and vomiting, 10%/0%. Antibody responses to pertussis antigens (agglutinogens, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, and filamentous hemagglutinin), diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid in AC-DTP vaccine recipients were comparable with those in WC-DTP vaccine recipients. The AC-DTP vaccine evaluated in this trial seems to be as immunogenic as WC-DTP vaccine while being markedly less reactogenic.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind study comparing an acellular pertussis-component DTP vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 18-month-old children. 287 38

Using a blinded crossover design, we tested the hypothesis that changing the needle on the syringe after drawing up diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and before injecting it reduces local complications by eliminating deposition of aluminum phosphate adjuvant in the subcutaneous track of the needle. Two hundred twenty-three children (52.7%) received a two-needle vaccination while 200 (47.3%) received a one-needle vaccination. Three hundred forty-six parents (81.8%) returned a questionnaire reporting their child's reaction within 48 hours of injection. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of redness, swelling, tenderness, or limp or in parental measurements of redness and swelling between the one- and two-needle groups. Moreover, we found no differences in the frequency of systemic side effects, including fever, vomiting, anorexia, and crying. These results do not support the practice of changing needles to reduce diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine reactions.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the two-needle strategy for reducing reactions to DPT vaccination. 295 58


1 2 3 4 Next >>