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Query: UMLS:C0042963 (vomiting)
 31,883 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of the types of treatment sought by mothers for their young children with diarrhea was carried out in 2 different regions of West Africa. The case of diarrhea was selected for study of therapeutic choices because it is a serious public health problem, the descriptions of symptoms provided by mothers usually correspond to biomedical terms, and supernatural causes are not usually assumed for it. The 2 study sites were the Akye country located in the forest zone of southeast Ivory Coast in the periurban area of abidjan, and the Moba-Gurma country in the savannah of northern Togo. In both study locations the population had similar alternatives for care, either modern biomedical services or traditional therapies of different types. Family therapies based on self medication without medical advise or on family therapies utilizing popular knowledge of plants were also available. The data were based on surveys of fertile-aged women about the most recent illnesses of their children and the treatment sought, surveys of traditional practitioners, and examinations of dispensary records in the Akye country. The 2 Akye villages studies had health dispensaries, traditional healers who were usually women, and family therapies based on local plants. Neither village had a pharmacy dispensing modern drugs, which locally available only through the dispensaries. The extent of treatment at home appeared to be underestimated by the mothers. 75% of Akye mothers sought modern treatment exclusively and 6% sought traditional treatment exclusively, of which 4% was provided by the family. 12% sought modern treatment 1st followed by traditional treatment based on plants, and 7% sought traditional treatment 1st followed by modern treatment. A regional hospital, dispensaries, maternal child health centers, and state pharmacies are available in Moba-Gurma country but do not yet cover the entire territory. In the traditional sectors, diviners are a principal element of Moba-Gurma social organization. They may direct their clients to counter-sorcerers or curers. Family therapies based on plants and passed down through generations are also common, especially for frequent ailments like diarrhea. Drugs smuggled in from Ghana or Nigeria are also available in small quantities in the markets. Among 120 cases of diarrhea in children analyzed in the Moba-Gurma country, 38 were treated exclusively by traditional therapies, 33% exclusively by modern therapies, 46 by traditional and then modern therapies, and 3 by modern and then traditional therapies. The symptoms had to be considered serious to prompt attendance at the dispensary or payment for medication. For disorders accompanied by vomiting or other symptoms, immediate attention at the dispensary was more common and became dependent on the availability of facilities and the distance. It appears that the type of care available conditions the choice of therapies.
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PMID:[Diarrheal morbidity: what therapeutic recourses?]. 1217 20

As a part of the on-going National Filaria Control Programme, National Filaria Day was observed in Purulia district of West Bengal on 26th Nov 2000 with an extensively organized mass DEC consumption campaign preceded by IEC activities and followed by mopping up operations. In all 81.07% of the targeted population was covered, females (84.3%) being more available than males (78.3%). Percentage of coverage declines with increase in age. Municipalities and notified areas had less coverage as well as supervised consumption than in other areas. Consumption was highest in Balarampur block (88.6%). Supervised consumption among surveyed population was highest in Bandwan (56.0%). Overall patient compliance was very good, with side effects of vomiting, dizziness, headache and fever being 2.12% only among surveyed population. Disease prevalence among population covered showed 0.1% hand swelling, 0.6 to 0.8% leg swelling, while 1.1% of males had hydrocele.
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PMID:Mass DEC campaign for filariasis in a hyper endemic district of West Bengal. 1220 39

A midline exploratory laparotomy on a 1-year-old, neutered male, West Highland terrier with a history of lethargy, anorexia, and intermittent vomiting revealed a cranial abdominal cyst. The lining of the excised cyst was histologically identical with that of the small intestine and may have represented an uncommon intestinal malformation.
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PMID:An endodermal cyst: the result of a congenital intestinal malformation. 1224 May 31

Non-operative management by pressure reduction is now the preferred treatment for uncomplicated intussusception in children. However, in many developing countries, laparotomy is routinely performed for such cases. This is a retrospective anlaysis of 24 children who had operative reduction of intussusception. The age range was 3 months--10 years (median 7 months) and duration of symptoms 12 hours--7 days (median 2 days). The main features were abdominal pain, vomiting and rectal bleeding. Ten (42%) patients had varying degrees of dehydration, which were corrected. At laparotomy, the intussusceptions were reduced without difficulty. Thirteen (54%) patients developed 15 procedure related complications including wound infection 6(25%), ileus 2(8%), stitch sinus 2(8%), incisional hernia 2(8%), intestinal obstruction from adhesions resulting in intestinal gangrene 2(8%) and aspiration pneumonia 1 (4%). Mortality was 2( 8%) from aspiration pneumonia and overwhelming infection due to intestinal gangrene from adhesive intestinal obstruction respectively. Laparotomy for uncomplicated intussusception in children is attended by significant morbidity and mortality. Many of such intususceptions, may be successfully managed by pressure reduction and children should not be denied the benefits of this form of treatment.
West Afr J Med
PMID:The morbidity and mortality of laparotomy for uncomplicated intussusception in children. 1240 31

This retrospective study summarizes 10 Dalmatians suspected of having hepatic copper toxicosis. Hepatic copper toxicosis can result from either a primary metabolic defect in hepatic copper metabolism or from altered hepatic biliary excretion of copper. An inherited copper-associated hepatopathy has been documented in Bedlington Terriers, and there is evidence for familial copper-associated liver disease in West Highland White (WHW) Terriers and Skye Terriers. Nine of the 10 Dalmatians in this study presented for gastrointestinal clinical signs, including anorexia and vomiting. All animals had increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activity, and 9 of 10 had increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity. The relative increase in ALT activity was much greater than the relative increase in ALP activity, suggesting a predominantly hepatocellular rather than cholestatic liver disease. The mean hepatic copper concentration for 9 Dalmatians was 3,197 microg/g dry weight liver (dwl) (normal, <450 microg/g). In 5 of these 9 dogs, hepatic copper concentrations exceeded 2,000 microg/g dwl. Necroinflammatory alterations associated with copper-laden parenchymal cells were the notable histopathologic finding. The inflammatory infiltrate was either primarily lymphocytic or neutrophilic. Morphologic features of cholestasis generally were not prominent except in those dogs with severe pathology. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that a primary metabolic defect in hepatic copper metabolism occurs in the Dalmatian breed. The mechanism and genetic basis of this condition require further study.
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PMID:Copper-associated liver disease in Dalmatians: a review of 10 dogs (1998-2001). 1246 62

A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in 104 hospitalized patients with acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria was performed in West and Central Africa from March to July 2001. Patients were randomized to receive simultaneous dosing (artesunate 200 mg/d plus mefloquine 250 mg/d from the first to the third day [investigational group]) or sequential dosing (artesunate 200 mg/d for 3 d plus mefloquine 250 mg on the second and 500 mg on the third day [reference group]). Patients were followed-up for 28 d, and clinical and parasitological outcomes were assessed. The 14-d cure rate was 100% in the investigational group and 98% in the reference group with no recrudescence until day 28. Mean times to fever and parasite clearance were similar between the 2 groups (32 h vs. 26 h and 45 h vs. 48 h) and tolerability was good in both groups. The number of patients with vomiting was statistically significantly lower in the investigational group compared to the reference group (3.8% vs. 19.2%, P = 0.014). A 3-d once-daily co-administration of artesunate and mefloquine starting on day one offers a practical dosing regimen, which is highly effective and well tolerated in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.
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PMID:A randomized, double-blind study on the efficacy and safety of a practical three-day regimen with artesunate and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa. 1262 45

An 8-year-old intact female West Highland White Terrier was examined for anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension, and mild purulent vulvar discharge. The results of physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiography are presented. Emphysematous pyometra was suspected and confirmed at surgery. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the uterine lumen. A brief discussion of emphysematous pyometra is presented.
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PMID:Emphysematous pyometra in a dog. 1271 55

Eosinophilic enteritis is a rare condition of unknown aetiology, although it is generally believed to be due to intestinal allergy. It may mimic peptic ulcer, subacute (or chronic) intestinal obstruction, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. The diagnosis is often difficult to make and most cases are only diagnosed after laparotomy/ laparoscopy and biopsy. It can be successfully treated with corticosteroids. We report a case of Eosinophilic enteritis in a 27 year old woman the symptoms of which appeared within six weeks of childbirth. With repeated episodes of abdominal pain, vomiting, occasional loose stools with weight loss, she was investigated and treated for many weeks in three hospitals without success. All investigations were inconclusive. Finally laparotomy revealed inflamed segments of small bowel, a biopsy of which showed Eosinophilic enteritis. The patient was subsequently treated successfully with Prednisolone.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Eosinophilic enteritis--a diagnostic dilemma. 1274 85

Classically, treatment of acute self-poisoning involves resuscitation and supportive care, followed by gastric emptying, administration of activated charcoal, and use of specific antidotes. Recently, however, the practice of gastric emptying has fallen out of favor in the West because physicians have recognized its complications and the lack of evidence for clinical benefit from its practice. Authoritative position statements have stated that forced emesis should not be used and that gastric lavage should be used in restricted settings. One commonly cited complication of gastric lavage is propulsion of poison beyond the pyloric sphincter into the small bowel. We have carried out a systematic search for studies addressing this issue and found only 2. The first, a randomized controlled trial of patients presenting to an emergency department, reported propulsion of poison into the small bowel and has been widely cited as showing evidence for such a complication. However, analysis of the data presented in this article shows no significant difference in the number of radio-opaque marker pellets present in the small bowel after gastric lavage, ipecac-induced forced emesis, or no intervention. The second, an observational study using human volunteers, showed significantly less poison in the small bowel after gastric lavage than after no intervention. In conclusion, it seems that no published data support the statement that gastric lavage forces poison into the small bowel.
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PMID:Does gastric lavage really push poisons beyond the pylorus? A systematic review of the evidence. 1294 88

Prevalence of underweight and obesity were investigated in 282 mentally retarded persons living on the West Coast of Norway. Data collected in this survey suggest that people with severe mental retardation were more likely to be underweight and people with mild mental retardation were more likely to be obese. Compared to persons of average intellectual levels, persons with mental retardation were found to be over-represented with both underweight and obesity. Food refusal and self-induced vomiting was more present among persons regarded as underweight and reduced control of food intake was related to obesity. Findings suggest that behavioral variables may have explanatory value with respect to both underweight and obesity. Further investigation using functional analysis of behavior is recommended.
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PMID:Weight survey on adult persons with mental retardation living in the community. 1473 73


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